Name: 如果全世界的冰都融化了會怎麼樣？ (What If All The Ice Melted On Earth? ft. Bill Nye)
Uploaded: 2017-04-04T08:44:58.000Z
Duration: 5 min 51 s

情態副詞

You've likely heard about the effects climate change is having on our planet and specifically in the Arctic

你可能聽過氣候變遷對地球的影響，尤其是北極圈

which is warming twice as fast. But what would actually happen

暖化速度甚快，但是未來究竟會發生什麼事情

Bill: I can help with that! When you and I drink water

比爾: 我來解答! 當我們在喝水時

We drink non-salty water, we drink fresh water

我們喝不含鹽的水，我們喝淡水

Of all the water in the world most of it is salty, just 3% is not salty

全世界的水大多都是鹹水，只有3%為非鹹水

Now of that 3%, you can't get to most of that because 70% of that 3%

3%的非鹹水並不是全可食用，因為3%當中有七成的水

is FROZEN - thirty million cubic kilometers of frozen water!

是結凍的-三千萬立方公里的冰凍水

It's so much frozen water, so much ice that if you put a layer of it

如果你把冰凍水疊起來，看起來相當壯觀

a thousand meters thick, it would cover North America

厚度為一千公尺，可以涵蓋整個北美洲

On land frozen water  forms glaciers, icesheets, permafrost and snow

陸地上的冰凍水能以冰河、冰床、永久凍結帶以及雪的形式呈現

but the Arctic is largely ocean so there it takes the form

北極圈大半被海覆蓋，冰大多以

of floating sea ice  like icebergs and because it's in direct contact with warming waters

海冰的形式呈現，漂浮在暖海上

Sea ice will be the first to melt as global temperatures rise

當全球溫度上升時，海冰會最先融化

In fact this year NASA reported that the extent of Arctic sea ice was the lowest ever recorded for

今年美國太空總署指出北極圈海冰的高度創歷史新低

for January, February, April, May and June 2016

Bill: So the world is getting warmer and the ice is melting

比爾: 所以世界漸趨暖化、冰也不斷融化

Pretty soon you'll be able to drive your ship from Europe to Russia,

不久後，你或許能駛船從歐洲橫渡至俄羅斯

right over the North Pole, with no ice in the way.

That's good for certain shipping companies maybe, but for the marine species: the polar bears, the walruses,

或許這樣有利於海運業，但對於海洋生物像是北極熊、海象

the seals! They don't have their own habitats. They're all going away, they're melting out from under them.

海獅，他們會失去棲息地，他們會消失，他們隨著海水升高而沉入海底

And ocean dwelling animals like bowhead whales and narwhals aren't immune to these changes either.

而海裡生物像是座頭鯨和一角鯨也將成為全球暖化的受害者

As sea ice melts energy and oil companies are taking it as an opportunity to search

當海冰融化後，能源和煉油公司有機會去尋獲

further north for untapped resources using a process known as seismic blasting

靠近北極點的未開發資源，使用一種叫做地震探勘爆破的技術

they shoot air explosions into the water in an effort to map the ocean floor

發出震波到海底，接著繪製出海底地形

and find oil. Of course, this has detrimental effects on the whole ecosystem of the Arctic ocean

並找到石油，當然，這對北極海的整個生態是有害的

while also causing physical trauma and habitat relocation in whales.

會導致鯨魚身體上的傷害和棲息地迫害

In terms of sea levels, melting sea ice won't have much of an effect.

融冰並不會對海平面的升降造成大幅的影響

This is because the floating ice already displaces roughly the same amount of water

as it would produce when it melts, so that effect would be negligible.

浮冰融化轉換成水的形式存在，對海平面所造成的影響是可以忽略的

Furthermore, of the majority of Earth's ice, more than 95% is land-based

再者，地球上的冰超過95%為覆蓋在地上的凍土

and contained mostly in enormous ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antartica

像是巨大的冰床覆蓋在格陵蘭和南極洲的高山

where there are entire mountain ranges almost as big as the alps, completely buried in ice

所以，如果地面上的冰都融化了會怎麼樣?

Bill: If all this ice melts, the ocean's gonna have more water in it

比爾: 如果冰融化了，水當然就越來越多囉

So the sea levels, as measured from the coasts,  is gonna go up.

所以海平面，相較於之前，肯定是上升的

It's gonna go up 70 meters. That's a long way people. Half the world's citizens

將會上升70公尺，你知道這非常可怕嗎，世界上有一半的人口

live on sea coasts. That's where the, uh, commerce action is.

以海洋維生，也是商業貿易重要的據點

So they're gonna have to move! Where are they gonna go? And...

然而他們卻必須撤離，他們能去哪裡?

Tokyo, New York, Sao Paulo, Mumbai, Shanghai and Jakarta are all coastal

東京、紐約、聖保羅、孟買、上海、雅加達都靠近海邊

and happen to be some of the world's biggest cities.

Even a small sea level rise of only a couple feet could cause up to a trillion dollars worth of flood damage

水災是無法避免的，就算海平面只上升一點點，損害金額等同於每年一兆元

per year. A rise of 10 meters would displace more than 630 million people

海平面每上升十公尺就會有6億3千萬人受害

At 25 meters, 1.4 billion people, roughly 20% of humanity is left homeless

而每上升25公尺就會有14億人受害，大概有20%的人口會無家可歸

and to visualise the full 70 meters, the rising seas would drown out most

如果上升高度來到70公尺，那些海水幾乎淹沒

of the US Eastern seaboard, much of the West coast,

the entire state of Florida, huge areas of Asia including Bangladesh

整個佛羅里達州以及亞洲的大地方像是孟加拉和

and much of Northern China and create a new inland sea in Australia.

中國北部，澳洲還會多了內陸海岸

At the North and South pole of the Earth we have a lot of ice. Ice is white.

But there's a feedback mechanism, one thing leading to another. As the world gets warmer

這像是一個反饋的機制，當全球暖化發生時

the ice melts. As the ice melts it's reflecting less sunlight into space

冰會融化，當冰漸漸融化消失，反射到太空的陽光會變少

which lets the world get warmer still. The sunlight is absorbed

by the dark , liquid ocean. So as the ice melts

深層海水吸收，所以當冰融化後

the world gets warmer. And the sea gets fresher.

世界就會越來越溫暖，海洋則煥然一新

Currently the world's oceans are crisscrossed by a set of currents that act as a giant conveyer belt.

洋流扮演傳輸帶的功能，把世界的海洋交織在一塊

And these currents are powered in part by the differences in the saltiness

這些洋流可以在不同的地方隨時補充能量

between one part of the ocean and another.

So, if a melting ice sheet in Greenland dumps a whole bunch of non-salty, fresh water into the North Atlantic

假設格陵蘭有一地正在融化的冰床，以無鹽淡水的狀態流入大西洋

it's possible that it could disrupt the currents.

很有可能會破壞整個洋流的流動規則

Bill: So the conveyer belt takes chemicals, takes nutrients around the world,

比爾: 所以這個傳輸帶帶著化學和營養物質在世界遊走

Half of the oxygen you breathe is made by plants in the ocean.

人類呼吸所需的氧氣，有一半是來自海洋植物所製造的

Furthermore, as that sea surface gets warmer,

off of Greenland, the Gulf Stream will probably shift a little bit,

撇掉格陵蘭不談，墨西哥灣暖流肯定會受一些影響

and if that shifts, what keeps Europe warm right now,

如果它改變的話，現今溫暖的歐洲

May not keep Europe as warm. So the crops are gonna have to be grown elsewhere

可能也會改變，農作物必須轉移陣地，種在其他地方

and who's gonna grow them and  who's gonna ship them around and who's gonna feed each other

誰來種? 誰來運送農作物到世界各地? 誰來餵養人群?

and what's going on?! This is serious business! When you go melting the ice.

還會發生什麼事?冰融化是個很嚴重的問題!

We actually went up to the Arctic to see the current state of things first hand

事實上我們到了北極去觀察現況，取得第一手資料

while documenting it all and were absolutely shocked by what we found.

並且記錄下所有情況，結果真是讓我們非常驚訝

Click here to watch our documentary, The End of the Arctic,

點這裡可觀看紀錄片The End of the Arctic

where we learn about an Inuit communities fight to defend their human rights

我們得知因紐特人正在為人權而戰

against oil companies and the Canadian government

他們正在反抗煉油公司和加拿大政府

all while trying to save the Arctic from the drastic effects of climate change

只為了保護北極圈、減緩氣候變遷以及

地震探勘爆破對北極圈造成的影響

You can help spread awareness by sharing the video and signing our petition

你可以藉著分享這部影片或簽請願書，來引起大家對環境的保護意識

to put pressure on the governement to prevent seismic blasting in the Arctic

或是施加壓力在政府上，避免他們在北極圈從事更多地震探勘爆破

which would have detrimental, long-lasting effects on the wildlife

這只會摧毀海洋生物並對海洋造成很大的影響

and the Inuit people living in Northern Canada.

and join the movement to stand up for the Arctic, and our Planet.

並一起參與這場行動，為北極地帶和地球發聲

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

還可訂閱更多每週科學時事影片哦