Hmm. Sorry.

James from engVid. That probably raises a few questions for you.

"Why did he say: 'Good morning', when it could be any time in the world?"

Yeah. Well, I'm going to help you today, because

that is a common word that we use in English, but there

are some other words that are similar that many people make a mistake with.

And I'm going to help you learn them today.

That's "raise", "rise", "arise", "lay", and "lie".

Now, quick story: When I first heard this 10 years ago, I was teaching and a teacher

asked me: "James, why do we raise or why do we rise?" And I didn't know. I honestly didn't

know. Of course I know what... When to use them, but my problem was we just know because

we've been taught, but no one actually sits you down and said:

"The exact difference is this." So I had to study it.

And today I'm going to help you not make the mistake I made,

by knowing what it is and how to use it, or use them, because we have five words.

Let's go to the board.

Do I raise my hand or rise my hand?

Tough question if you don't know the differences between them.

And I'm hoping this lesson will help you. In fact,

by the time we're done, you should master this and be more fluent in your English use.

First one: "arise".

If you ever watched any sci-... Scientific movie, sci-fi movie, there

is some dead creature and some crazy magician or scientist goes: "Arise!"

Well, we don't quite use it like that in English; we use it a little differently. When we talk about

"arise", we mean something has occurred or something has happened.

"A few things arose when you were away on vacation."

That means things happened or occurred. Another way of

saying it is: "come up". If you look at Mr. E at the bottom of the stairs, Mr. E 2 says:

"Hey, come here." And he goes up the stairs, so something has come up.

Hey, listen, there's a couple of things that I said arose or have arisen,

things have come up or occurred that

have happened and I want to talk about them. Okay? Cool. That's "arise".

Now, one other thing about "arise"... Let's just talk about it for a second.

"Arise" is an irregular verb.

Irregular verb? Well, most verbs follow a simple pattern; you add "ed"

or add "d" to the end is past tense, there's a base form, and then there's the past participle

form. And, you know, looks like "ed", "ed", and regular form. Easy. Irregular verbs means

they don't follow that rule, so you have to change it. And unfortunately, there's no way

for me to teach you and say: "With every irregular verb, you must do this." They're irregular

because different ones look different ways. Sorry. But I'm going to help you by putting

it here, and you can also go and study the charts for irregular verbs. Okay? I believe

we have some on our engVid tools you can use or resources.

So, "arise", as I said, "come up", is an irregular verb; it doesn't follow the regular rules.

So you're going to have to pay attention when I show you how it's spelt. The second thing

I have here is intransitive. I spelt it over here for you, but intransitive.

"Intransitive", well, "trans" in English... Or, sorry. Latin means across.

It means it goes from one place to another.

An intransitive verb means it doesn't take a direct object. Huh?

Well, here's the example of transitive verb: "I love".

If you're sitting there, you're probably thinking

to yourself: "You love what? Ice cream? Football? Your mother? Your shoes?" Well, with a transitive

verb, it takes an object or a direct object, meaning it has an effect on something else.

"I love you." Yeah, I do, engVid watcher, I love you.

You are my object, my love goes to you. That's what a transitive verb means,

so the verb has to carry across to an object.

While, an interested verb... Intransitive verb doesn't need that. All right?

Well, I'll give you an example in a second because we have a few on the board. But in this case,

"arise" is an intransitive verb. All right? You don't need to have an object with it.

Okay?

Here, I'm going to give you the forms.

"Arise" is present tense, "arose" is past tense, and

when you use the past perfect or present perfect, use "arisen". Okay?

Problems have arisen.

They arose last week. They will arise... And that's a future tense. Okay? Here's an example

for you. Pay attention. I'm going to go low, real low.

"A few problems have arisen since I started the project." Okay.

Let's look at the next word. It looks like "arise" and it's "rise".

Similar, but a little different.

"Rise" means to get higher. Look at Mr. E. He's lying down. If you can imagine

I'm lying on a bed, if I rise, I lift myself up and I come to a higher position. So you're

here and you go higher. Now, "rise" is also an irregular verb.

See? It's irregular. What do you mean by "irregular"?

Well, remember what I said before? It doesn't follow the

same grammar rules of adding just an "s" or a "d". In this case, we have "rise", which

is present tense, "rose", which is past tense, and "risen", which is the perfect tense. Okay?

To give you in a sentence to help you understand it:

"Please rise for the national anthem."

Huh? Well, there's probably two words you don't know, so let's explain them.

"National anthem", a "nation" comes from "nation" or "country".

"Anthem" is the song for the country.

Most countries have a song that represents their country, so when they go to sporting

events or the Prime Minister or President is in the country, they play this special

song and everybody will stand up, and show their respect to their leader or respect for

their country. In Canada, it's called "O Canada".

Yeah, very original. Canada. O, Canada! It's

like we just remembered we live here. Okay, I didn't make it up.

So, when they say: "Please rise for the national anthem."

I'm going to go higher. I'm going to get my bum up and stand up:

"O Canada", yeah, O Canada, I couldn't figure that out. [Laughs].

Okay? So we rise,

we stand for the national anthem or we get higher. And that's what "rise" means.

Now, let's do the last one, which kind of looks funny, because it looks similar, but

there's a difference, there's an "a", and it's "raise". Now, this one means to get higher,

but "raise" means to make higher or bring up children. Well, that almost sounds the

same. No. To get higher, in this case, when we "rise", you do it.

When you "raise" something, you make something else do it, and that's what I put, bring up children.

You can't make children get taller. You raise them, you help them as they get bigger.

So, they are not doing it themselves; you help by giving them food and water, and a place to live. Okay?

So you're helping make something occur or happen, which is different than you doing

it yourself. Well, let's take a look at "raise" then. Funny enough, it's the only regular

verb here. It's regular, meaning it follows the rules. Its base form is this, and its

past and its past participle is just add "ed". Easy enough. Easy to remember.

Now, look at this, when you think about rising out of bed, you do it yourself. Right? Example:

I rise at 6am.

I know it's a bit formal, and if you say it, they'll go:

"Okay, you rise. The rest of us get up."

But you rise at 6am. You're saying: "I get myself up out of bed at 6:00."

That's early. But if you "raise" something, you make it happen. What do you mean?

Well, look here: "They raised the price."

Trust me, the price didn't wake up one morning and go:

"I'm 1.50. Today 1.75."

It doesn't work like that. Somebody physically went:

-"A 1.50, you're now 1.75." -"Okay, I am raised."

Somebody moved it. So, "raised" means somebody

has moved it, "rise" means it does it itself, and "to arise" means to occur. They all have

the similar meaning that things are getting higher, because if you look here, Mr. E goes

up the stairs and goes higher; if you look here, somebody raised it, E,

E with the force. "Hiya." Okay?

He raised. And this way, it's like a ghost, E is coming up by himself. Cool?

So, we've got that under control.

Let's do the next two. Are you ready? Let's go to the board.

Making sure we remember irregular

and intransitive. Good, we did that here. Don't forget, you have to recall it; remember it.

"Lie" versus "lay".

I've been told this is, like, one of the hardest word combinations

for most people learning a language, simply because... Well, you'll see in a second. They're

kind of connected in a way, and they shouldn't be, but this is English. "Lie" means to recline.

Huh? Yeah. Another difficult word. What the heck does "recline" mean? Well, imagine you're

about to go into bed, you put your leg up on the bed, you sit back, and then you do this.

That's reclining. I'm reclining. I can't recline much more, because I will hit the

floor. Okay? But I'm lying down. And then I do this. Ah. [Yawns]. And I go to sleep.

"Reclined" means a flat position. "To recline" means you make yourself recline. I lie on

the bed. You should go lie on the bed. Does this sound familiar?

Yeah. Remember we talked about "rise",

when something rises, it does it itself? Yeah. It does it itself, and you

lie yourself. People cannot make you lie down.

"I will make you lie down!" No, I will lie down. Okay?

So, I will make myself go down, I will recline. All right?

Now, "lie" is an irregular verb. Yeah, I'm sorry, I told you. There were, like, no regular

ones; just this little puppy over here. That's the problem, because now you have all these

spelling things you have to remember. But life's not easy, nor is English, but

you're tough so let's get back here.

So, "lie", we have "lie", "lay", and "lain". "I have lain.

I have lain with the princess before." Right. No one says this. Okay? But look, I have a

star, or it's called asterisks like ass, terisks. So, if you can remember that, that'll help

you. Don't slap your butt when you say: "I'm going to put an asterisks here." [Laughs].

The teachers will go: "Please don't touch yourself." Okay?

But I'll come to that in a second, because you'll see there's a second one we have to talk about. So these are the

irregular forms of "lie". Okay? Now, here's an example: "I'm tired. I'm going to lie down."

No one will carry you and put you in the bed; you will physically go over and lie down.

We're cool, right? Yeah. Simple enough. Easy. Here's me, lying on the bed. I am now reclined.

I have a small problem, I am not smiling. I should be smiling. I'm lying down. Okay?

And I need to lie down, because the rest of this lesson gets a little bit confusing, but

if you pay attention,

[snaps],

it will be easy. And that snap does not mean test yet.

Wait. First finish the lesson.

"Lay".

"Lay", okay.

Uh-oh. I saw "lay" here. Wait, wait. I told you, wait.

"Lay" means to put down or place something. So, when I lay the pen on my hand, I place it there.

Do you remember when I said "rise", you do it yourself? Well, when you lay something,

you have to do it with something else. You have to... That's right. Now we're going to

find out it's transitive. Huh? Told you it'd come up. "Transitive" means there's an object.

You have to lay something. Okay? When you lie down, that's it. "I'm going to lie down",

boom. I don't need anything else; I am the object itself, intransit-... Intransitive.

No problem. "Lay" means you are doing something to something else, so you need an object.

I lay my coat on the bed. All right? I lay the glass on the table. I need an object,

something's got to move.

So that's something for you to remember: When you use "lay", there should be something, an object.

We look here again, and we talked about transitive, but look at irregular. Why did I say "irregular"?

You know those are two things here, but here, there's no "e". Remember before, I said with

regular verbs, you either add a "d" or an "ed", and that's how it's regular? In this

case, it's "id". Sorry. Once again, it's the English language.

So, "lay" and "laid". But do you remember we talked about the two axeterisk-...?

Astericksss? One, two. And look carefully,

you'll see the same word is used in two different places.

"But James, they're totally different verbs." Yeah. Here's why:

In this case, "lay" is the past of "lie". Okay?

"He lay on the bed for hours", it's the past of "lie".

In this case, it's a verb by itself.

Don't ask me why.

I would love to explain to you why this happened, who did it. There's some guy

right now, he's dead, he's laughing his ass off. You remember the ass thing? He's like:

"[Laughs].

'Lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay', 'lay' is 'lay'",

knowing that you're coming to Canada, going:

"I lay on the bed. Is this right?

And I lay the pen down. Why? I don't understand.

You tell me I do, now the pen does. I am so confused."

Yeah, I know. So take a breath, and just remember simply:

"Lay" is used twice. When we talk about "lie",