Laura Burian: We're also practicing professional translators and interpreters,

蘿拉布蕾安：我們也從事 文字和口語的翻譯，

as you can see.

如同你看到的。

BO: We're here today to tell you

伯瑞：今天我們要告訴你們

that it takes more than words to interpret from one language to another.

將一種語言口譯為另一種語言 花費的力氣是超越文字本身的，

In fact, there's a misconception out there about translation and interpretation.

實際上，一般對翻譯和口譯 有錯誤的觀念，

Many people just call both of them, erroneously, translation.

很多人誤解了， 以為兩者都稱作「翻譯」。

Well, translation is written,

嗯，翻譯是書寫，

and interpretation is spoken.

口譯則是口述。

So now you know the difference.

所以現在你知道它的不同點了。

Please spread the word.

請幫忙告訴大家。

LB: Here at TEDxMonterey, we have a pretty special situation

羅拉：TEDxMonterey 在此有個很特別的情況，

in that our students of conference interpretation

我們主修會議口譯的學生

are in booths in the back of the auditorium

正身處會場後方的 小隔間裡（口譯箱），

providing simultaneous interpretation of everything being said on stage

為台上的講者 提供即時同步口譯，

and this is going into Chinese, French,

包括中文、法文、

German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, and Spanish,

德文、日文、韓文、俄文 和西班牙文，

out onto the web being live streamed.

並在線上串流直播。

BO: Interpreters work in two different modes:

伯瑞：口譯員有兩種 不同的工作模式：

consecutive

逐步口譯

and simultaneous,

和同步口譯。

and we're going to have you watch our interpreter, Mr. Miguel Garcia,

我們要請我們的口譯員 米開蓋西亞先生示範，

as he interprets what I say in Spanish into English,

將我說的西班牙文口譯為英文。

but he'll do it consecutively.

但他是做逐步口譯。

Simultaneous interpretation will pause for this demonstration.

而同步口譯在此段則將暫停。

So... (Spanish) En la consecutiva,

所以，（西班牙文）......

el intérprete escucha al orador y luego toma notas.

（西班牙文）

El orador termina y luego el intérprete dice en el otro idioma

（西班牙文）

lo que ha dicho el orador principal.

（西班牙文）

Pero, fíjense en las notas que él está tomando.

（西班牙文）

No son como las notas que nosotros usamos para la memoria a largo plazo.

（西班牙文）

Tampoco son como la taquigrafía

（西班牙文）

que solo sirve para anotar palabras especificas.

（西班牙文）

Él usa estas notas

（西班牙文）

para concentrarse en el flujo de las ideas del orador.

（西班牙文）

Y luego, él usa su memoria a corto plazo junto con sus notas

（西班牙文）

para poder interpretar al otro idioma lo que ha dicho el orador.

（西班牙文）

Ésto es de muy baja tecnología,

（西班牙文）

pero uno necesita tener

（西班牙文）

cientos de horas de formación y de practica para hacerlo bien.

（西班牙文）

Miguel Garcia: Can you hear me? Great.

米開蓋西亞：聽得見我嗎？好。

So, in consecutive interpretation,

所以，在逐步口譯中，

the interpreter first listens to the speaker as he delivers his speech

口譯員先聽演講者發表的演說

and uses notes for an aid.

寫筆記輔助。

After the speaker is done speaking,

講者說完之後，

then the interpreter uses these notes and what he heard

口譯員依筆記和他所聽到的內容

to interpret into the other language.

口譯成另一種語言。

However, if you look at the notes that are here on the board,

不過，如果你看到這版子上的筆記，

you see that these notes are different from

你可以看出它不同於一般的筆記， 譬如說，一般是為了幫助長期記憶，

the notes that one would take, for example, for long-term memory,

你可以看出它不同於一般的筆記， 譬如，一般筆記用於幫助長期記憶，

or the kinds of notes that we take for stenography for example,

亦不同於，例如速記，

when we need to remember specific words.

我們必須記得特定的字彙。

He then uses these notes

他（口譯員）就用這些筆記，

to concentrate on the flow of ideas that he is hearing,

專注於他聽到的內容的次序，

and then he uses his short-term memory with the notes

然後配合他的短期記憶力和筆記

as an aid to interpret into the other language.

作為輔助，口譯成其他的語言。

Now, this is very low-tech,

這是非常不科技的，

but the interpreters need hundreds of hours of training and practice

但是口譯員需要 很長時間的訓練和實務演練，

in order to be able to do a good job.

才能做好這份工作。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

(Voiceover interpreting Chinese into English)

（聲音來自中翻英）

Thank you Miguel.

謝謝米開，

Thank you for demonstrating what consecutive interpretation is.

非常高興你為大家示範了 何謂逐步口譯。

Now I would like to talk about simultaneous interpretation

下面我要談同步口譯。

which is very important to many international organizations

這對於許多國際組織 都是非常重要的。

because in international organizations

因為在國際性的組織裡，

many speeches need to be interpreted into in multiple languages.

很多演講發表需要 同時口譯成多國語言。

You may have noticed

而且，大家可能注意到

now I'm speaking in Chinese instead of English,

現在我說中文不說英文，

but in your headsets I'm a guy.

但在耳機裡我變成一個男的！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

There you go.

對啦！

Of course, I am not a man, my interpreter is a guy.

當然我不是男的，我的口譯員是男的。

He is interpreting my Chinese speech into English,

他正把我講的中文口譯成英文，

and the other interpreters

然後呢，其他的口譯員

are interpreting from his English into French and Korean.

把我要說的話 從英文翻成法文和韓語。

So, simultaneous interpreting

所以同步口譯

can provide us with convenience.

是非常方便的。

Sometimes people think that being bilingual is enough,

很多人認為用雙語就足夠了，

but it is not enough.

但那當然是不夠的。

First of all, you must have a lot of background knowledge

第一，你必須具備非常多的背景知識，

and second, you must be a good multitasker.

第二個呢，你必須要有 很強的多工能力。

Why?

為什麼呢？

Because interpreters are continuously listening

因為我們是要持續聆聽

to what the speaker is saying,

講者所說的話，在此同時也要

understanding the speaker's intended meaning

瞭解他背後的意含，

and then redelivering the message into their targeted languages.

再把他的話重新翻譯成 目標語言。

At the same time,

在此同時，

the interpreter is constantly listening

口譯員要繼續聆聽

to the other information

接下來的訊息

and checking to be sure that the interpretation is correct.

也要確定自己的口譯是否正確。

Many people believe they are good multitaskers,

很多人相信 自己的多工能力是很強的，

especially young people,

尤其是年輕人。

but think of how many multitaskers have caused car accidents.

但是想想有多少人 因多功分心導致車禍？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It is impossible for them to send short text messages while driving.

一邊傳短訊一邊開車是不可能的。

But don't worry.

但是不用擔心，

Fortunately, our interpretation booths don't have wheels,

幸好口譯箱沒有裝輪子，

so you don't have to worry.

所以大家不用擔心。

(Voiceover interpreting Spanish into English)

（聲音來自西班牙文翻英文）

Well, I would like to share something else with you

現在我要跟各位另外分享

about simultaneous interpretation, a little bit of history.

關於同步口譯的一點歷史。

Simultaneous interpretation has only been around

同步口譯成為一種職業， 一種專業活動，只有60年左右。

as a profession, as a professional activity,

同步口譯成為一種職業， 一種專業活動，只有60年左右。

for about 60 years,

同步口譯成為一種職業， 一種專業活動，只有60年左右。

after its great debut at the Nuremberg War Crime Tribunals

在紐倫堡大審的華麗登場之後，

after the Second World War.

亦即二次大戰之後。

And it was interesting to see that in these trials,

有趣的是在這些審判中可以看到，

participants were able to speak and listen in English,

在場者可以口說和聽見英文、

German, French, and Russian at the same time.

德文、法文和俄文同時進行。

Now, we have heard, and very acceptably so,

一直以來，大家都聽說過 也很能接受一項事實，

that without simultaneous interpretation

沒有同步口譯

these trials could have never come about.

這些審判就不可能發生。

So we can see the importance of simultaneous interpretation.

因此大家可以見證 同步口譯的重要性。

Now, I would like to ask you

現在，我問大家，

is this kind of interpretation

這種口譯

really simultaneous?

真的是即時同步的嗎？

I wouldn't say so,

我不會這麼說。

because if this was simultaneous,

因為它若是同步，

we would have to be psychic in order to guess the future.

我們可得是預知未來的靈媒。

So I will show you an example.

因此我給你們舉個例，

If you can understand me please raise your hand right now.

如果你聽懂我說的，現在請舉手，

It was like a wave in this room

大家可以看到， 在這裡舉手的動作像波浪一樣。

as you could see,

大家可以看到， 在這裡舉手的動作像波浪一樣。

because those of you who understand Spanish

因為聽懂西班牙文的人

immediately raised your hand,

立刻就會舉手。

but as Laura explained,

但就像羅拉先前說明的，

those of you who are listening to the English interpretation

聽英文翻譯的人，

were listening to the interpreter,

聽的是口譯員的翻譯。

and they told me

據我所知

I have a more feminine voice when being interpreted.

口譯出來的我 聲音就比較女性化了...

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So, as you listened you laughed,

大家邊聽邊笑，

but you had to wait for a while.

但是你必須稍微等一下。

What I'm saying is that my interpreter has to listen to the message,

我意思是，我的口譯員 必須先聽到我的訊息，

process the ideas,

處理內容與涵義，

and then reformulate these ideas

再重新組合思路，

into the other language.

轉換成其他的語言。

(Voiceover interpreting Chinese into English)

（聲音來自中翻英）

I know many of you are thinking

這樣的話，大家可能會有一個問題

there are so many good tools today such as Google Translate.

目前網路上有很多好的工具， 例如Google翻譯。

Is it good enough to take care of our translation needs?

這可以滿足大家翻譯的需求嗎？

You don't have to wait for Google Translate to deliver.

因為Google翻譯不用等待， 馬上就可以翻譯出來。

Well, in some circumstances,

那，在某些情況下

these tools can help us,

這些工具可以幫助我們，

but they have their own problems.

但工具也有很大的問題，

They only process words, not ideas.

它們只是處理文字，而非思想。

They cannot think or predict.

它們無法思考，無法預測。

They have no cultural sensitivity or emotional intelligence.

它們無法入境隨俗， 也沒有情緒智商。

So we cannot depend on them.

故我們不能完全依賴它們。

We need to hire humans to help us translate and interpret.

我們必須聘請真正的人類， 協助翻譯和口譯。

(Voiceover interpreting Spanish into English)

（聲音來自西班牙文翻英文）

Now this takes me to the next question.

如此，這帶出下面的問題：

Why doesn't everybody just speak English?

何不大家都說英文就好？

This is a question that everybody has posed

這個問題在英語系國家 每個人都問過。

in the English-speaking world.

這個問題在英語系國家 每個人都問過。

But I would answer by saying,

但我會這麼回答：

why don't we all speak Chinese like Laura?

我們何不都跟羅拉一樣說中文呢？

Or Russian? Or Spanish?

或俄文？或西班牙文？

Well, I think the best answer to this question

那麼，我想最好的答案就是

comes from the words of Nelson Mandela

納爾遜.曼德拉的話。

who said:

他說：

"If you talk to a man in a language he understands,

「如果你用那個人聽得懂的話言說話，

that goes to his head.

他會記到腦子裡；

But if you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart."

但如果你用他的語言說話， 那就印在心坎裡了。」

So, that is why we need translators and interpreters,

因此，這就是為什麼 我們需要翻譯員和口譯員，

and we also know that words matter,

也瞭解了文字的重要性，

and that true communication is much more than words.

並且，瞭解真正的溝通 不僅止於字彙。

That's where translators and interpreters bridge the gap

那就是需要翻譯和口譯的專人 架橋接路來縮小差距，

between cultures and languages.

縮小各種文化與語言之間的距離。

And we are happy to have our interpreters here at TEDxMonterey.

很高興在此TEDx蒙特婁 有我們口譯員的參與，

LB: (Spanish) Thank you. BO: (Chinese) Thank you.

羅拉：（西班牙文）謝謝

(Applause)

伯瑞：（中文）謝謝。 （掌聲）

A big round of applause for Miguel Garcia, please!

請給米開蓋西亞熱烈的掌聲！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

LB: Thank you.

羅拉：謝謝