Name: 【TEDx】你不知道便便可以這樣拯救世界 ( This bullsh*t might save the world | Thomas Rippel )
Uploaded: 2016-06-20T21:59:58.000Z
Duration: 18 min 22 s

One cow produces 25 tons of manure every year.

一頭牛一年可以產出 25 噸的糞便

And that's great because manure is a fantastic organic fertilizer.

這是件好事，因為糞便是一種非常棒的有機肥料

It's chock-full of nutrients to grow our grains and vegetables.

它豐富的營養物可以使我們的穀物和蔬菜生長

Humans have been using animal dung as fertilizer for 10,000 years.

人類使用動物的糞便當作肥料已經有一萬年了

Without it, agriculture would have never been possible.

「沒有它，農業就不可能存在」

And that was true until about 100 years ago

when we started using petrochemical fertilizers like nitrogen.

我們開始使用像是氮肥的石化肥料為止，這個論述都是正確的

Soon after that, manure as a fertilizer started to become much less valuable.

不久之後，糞便做成的肥料開始不再那麼的有價值

or like this: a manure lagoon in the United States.

或是像這樣：這是美國的一處化糞池

or let me call them what they are, animal feeding factories,

或讓我稱呼他們為實際上的「動物餵食工廠」

don't grow the food for their animals themselves anymore.

不再自行種植給牠們的動物的食物了

So to them, manure is not a precious fertilizer,

所以對他們來說，糞便並不是珍貴的肥料

instead it is just a problem that has to be managed.

This is but one of many aspects of how our industrialized agriculture today

這只是眾多我們今天的工業化農業

that many now believe that our only ethical response may be becoming vegan.

很多人現在也相信，我們唯一能做的符合道德的事情，是成為一個素食者

We need animals for a sustainable agriculture,

在永續農業中，我們會需要動物

meat and cheese from animals that were fed on human food

用吃人類食物長大的動物製成的肉和起司了

Instead, only eat meat and cheese from cows that were fed on grass

取而代之的，只吃食用草長大的動物做成的肉和起司

I am going to tell you how that one choice is going to allow us

我將告訴你們，這個選擇將如何讓我們可以

to tackle some of the greatest challenges we're facing today: climate change,

處理一些我們面臨到最大的挑戰：氣候變遷

global soil degradation and world hunger.

全球土壤退化、以及世界的飢餓問題

In Switzerland, farmers still tried to use manure

在瑞士，農人們仍在盡力的將糞便

as an organic fertilizer as best they can.

But in winter, pastures are covered with snow

So the farmer has to store the manure in a manure pit

農民們需要將糞便儲藏在糞坑裡

until he can bring it out in the springtime.

直到春天可以將它們拿出來使用為止

The problem is that, after a while, manure starts to rot,

問題是，一段時間後，糞便會開始腐爛

to turn into toxic substances like ammonia and evaporate.

變成像是阿摩尼亞的有毒的物質並揮發

Puff! And all those precious nutrients are gone.

In Germany alone, 600,000 tons of ammonia evaporate like this every year.

單單在德國，每年有約60萬噸的阿摩尼亞就這樣揮發掉

Standing next to one of those manure pools can feel like you're inhaling acid.

當站在這些糞坑的旁邊，簡直就像是在吸入酸類物質一樣

而事實上，阿摩尼亞會導致酸雨

that manure seeps into our groundwater and rivers

and causes massive greenhouse gas emissions.

Let me take a step back and tell you how I got mixed up in all this shit.

讓我退後一步，告訴你們我如何和這些屎開始有牽連的

I originally studied economics in China where lived for three years

我原本是在中國念經濟學，並在那裡住了三年

until I got dangerously ill from the food I was eating there.

直到有一次，因為吃了那裡的食物差點病危

and I was getting really paranoid about food,

我也因此開始對於食物非常的偏執

from a country with probably the lowest food safety standards

一個應該是食安標準的最低的國家，搬到...

I went to work on an organic farm close to Bern

我到了一個鄰近伯恩的有機農場上班

and that was the first time that I got wind of this problem:

那也是我第一次聽聞這個問題：

organic fields being sprayed with half rotten manure.

在有機田裡面撒的都是半腐壞的糞肥

I always assumed that organic agriculture

But spraying fields with half rotten manure

didn't fit into my idea of sustainable agriculture.

和我想像中的永續農業並不相容

And in fact, this whole manure business is not very sustainable at all.

而事實上，正個糞肥的商業體系一點都不永續

Let's put aside the fact that I came home smelling like shit,

我們先把我回到家都聞起來像大便

and taking one shower wasn't enough to get that smell off me.

沖完澡也沒有辦法把味道消除的事情放在一邊

That manure, when brought out to the field

那些糞便在被拿到田間使用的時候

is so aggressive it literally burns the plants,

已經有侵略性到可以照字面上地「讓植物燒起來」

and the soil takes a real beating as well.

Earthworms, that are the backbone of a healthy fertile soil,

I thought there's got to be a better way to do this,

我覺得一定有更好的方法可以做這件事情

a better way than spraying our organic fields with half rotten manure

一個比在田裡面噴灑半腐壞的農藥更好了方法

so I did some research and I came across an interesting master thesis

所以我做了一些研究，並碰到了一篇有趣的碩士論文

where I really thought this is something we ought to try out.

讓我覺得這真的是我們必須要嘗試的東西

so I'm sure you've all had a chance to eat some nice 'sauerkraut.'

我已我確定你們應該都有吃過一些好吃的「德國酸菜」

why everything in your fridge will go bad at some point,

為什麼冰箱裡的東西到一定的時間點都會損壞

but sauerkraut will stay good, basically forever?

但是德國酸菜基本上永遠都會保持完好？

Well, the reason are these fantastic bacteria called lactic acid bacteria.

原因在於這些被稱作「乳酸菌」的神奇細菌

and convert it to lactic acid making the 'sauerkraut' sour,

並將之轉換為乳酸，讓德國酸菜變酸

and thus stopping all other rotting bacteria.

因此讓其他會腐爛的細菌停止運作

In sauerkraut production, we end up with these leftover juices,

在德國酸菜的製程中，我們最後會剩下殘留的菜汁

sauerkraut juice, that is chock-full of lactic acid bacteria.

德國酸菜汁，裡頭有豐富的乳酸菌

It's supposed to be great for your digestion,

but let me tell you, I've tried it and I prefer a cold beer,

但是我跟你說，我嘗試過，我更喜歡一杯冰啤酒

so this juice ends up as a waste product.

所以，這些菜汁最後並成了廢料

Millions of liters of it in Switzerland alone.

So I thought: why don't we take that sauerkraut juice

所以我想到：為什麼不們不將德國酸菜汁

and put it into the manure to conserve it,

and stop all the nutrients from getting lost?

I told some friends about this idea and got them all excited about it.

我跟一些朋友說的我的想法，讓他們對此非常興奮

We met with some top scientists in Switzerland

我們見了一些瑞士最頂尖的科學家

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【TEDx】你不知道便便可以這樣拯救世界 ( This bullsh*t might save the world | Thomas Rippel )

matter

grow

sustainable

bacteria