And do you know that wine has been around for at least 9,000 years?

你知道葡萄酒已經存在了九千年了嗎？

The historian said this is when the earlier vineyards

歷史學家推測

were arranged in the middle east which spread around the Mediterranean

早先的葡萄園都是座落在中東地區

through the Phoenicians and the Ethruscans.

隨後才透過腓尼基及伊特魯裡亞人傳到地中海地區

The French soon started coping the wine making process

法國人隨即開始仿製葡萄酒的製成

which is why they sometimes get credit for inventing wine

這也是為何葡萄酒有時被誤以為是法國人發明的

And that's first of many facts about wine that I'm gonna share with you today

這也是我想要與你分享有關葡萄酒的第一個事實

And I'm gonna do this without being pretentious at all.

在分享的同時，我會盡量不要太假掰

I am wine drunk though.

不過我喝葡萄酒喝到醉了

The world's oldest bottle of wine is over 1,600 years old

世界上最老的瓶裝葡萄酒已經有1600年的歷史了

and it can be found in a museum in Germany

你可以在德國的一個博物館裡找到他的蹤影

It was buried nearby 350 CE then found again in 1867

他在西元前350年被掩埋然後在1867年才被重新發現

Prince Charles has an Aston Martin that runs on biofuel made up of wine

查爾斯王子有輛奧斯頓馬丁是藉著葡萄酒合成的生質燃料驅動的

Queen Elizabeth gave Charles the original car when he turned 21

伊麗莎白女王送了這輛獨特的車子給當時即將21歲的查爾斯王子

Then in 2008 it was converted to run on formal wine

然後在2008年這輛車又被改造成能夠靠著一般的葡萄酒驅動

Some historians believe that the Roman Empire fail thanks in part to lead poisoning

部分歷史學家認為鉛中毒是羅馬帝國衰敗的原因之一

If that's true, wine probably had a lot to do with it.

如果所言屬實，葡萄酒應該脫不了關係．

The Romans cooked grape juice in led pots to sweeten their wine

為了增加葡萄酒的甜味，羅馬人用鉛容器釀製葡萄酒

And poison their wine.

這卻導致葡萄酒產生毒性

According to the Wine Institute, where I'd like to work

根據葡萄酒協會，我想要工作的地方

Vatican City drinks the most wine per capita

梵蒂岡市民平均下來喝了最多葡萄酒

at 74 liters of wine per person per year

平均每人每年喝了74公升

It's four times more wine per capita than Italy

相當於義大利人的四倍多

If California was its own country,

如果加州自成一國的話

it would be the fourth largest producer of wine

那他將會是世界上第四大的葡萄酒釀造國

after only France, Italy and Spain

僅次於法國、義大利、西班牙

Speaking of which in 1976 there is a blind wine testing in France

1976年時在法國曾舉辦了一個

which has been dubbed the judgment of Paris

被暱稱為<巴黎的判決>的盲飲試酒會

Nine French wine experts judged a bunch of wine from both California and France

九位來自法國的葡萄酒專家鑑定一批來自加州及法國的葡萄酒

and runned up rating Californian wine as best in both the white and red wine categories.

結果加州的葡萄酒在白酒跟紅酒的類別皆被評選為最佳等級

After the result was published in Time magazine,

這結果被時代雜誌出版後

the French wine industry ban the event organizer from participating in the wine testing tour.

法國葡萄酒業界便禁止這試酒會的籌辦者參加巡迴試酒會

Plato applaud that wine should only be allowed in moderation between the age of 18 and 30

柏拉圖認為，僅有18到30歲的人們應適量飲用葡萄酒

After you hit 40 you will be free for all because he believe that wine was rejuvenating in older people.

在你40歲之後便不受此限了，因為柏拉圖相信葡萄酒能使老年人們回春

Looking forward to 40.

期待變成40歲

When the movie "Sideways" was released, consumers started to buy according to the main character's taste

當電影<尋找新方向>上映時，消費者開始根據主角們的喜好買酒

less people buy Merlot than usual, more people buy Pinot Noir

人們比平時少買了梅洛葡萄酒，更多人買黑皮諾葡萄酒

Experts called this the sideways effect.

專家稱這為<尋找新方向效應>

Note worthy on the other Tituss' drama has a similar effect on wine drinkers

值得注意的是演員Tituss的另一齣劇也對葡萄酒的飲用者們造成了相同的影響

2003, a man named Richard Juhlin shocked the wine testing world in a blind testing competition for champagne in Paris.

2003年時，一位名為Richard Julin男士在一個品酒會震驚了品酒社群

At the event, Juhlin was able to identify the brand, producer, and year of 43 out of 50 different champagnes.

Juhlin在這活動中成功辨識出50支香檳其中的43支的品牌、製造商及年份

The person who came in second place was only able to identify 4.

亞軍的選手只辨識出4支

It's a misconception that Charles Shaw wine a.k.a "two buck chuck" is so cheap.

查爾斯·肖又別稱為兩元酒的葡萄酒製造商，他們的酒這麼便宜的原因常被誤認為

because airlines needed to dispose their wine after corkscrew were banned.

是因為自從螺旋開瓶器被禁止後，航空公司得處理他們剩餘的葡萄酒

Also it is nothing to do with him trying to ruin his ex-wife's winery business

這跟他想要毀掉他前妻的葡萄酒莊生意沒有關係

Though she deserves it.

雖然這是她應得的

The boring truth is people were drinking less wine in America so Shaw was able to sell his for cheap

無趣的事實其實是因為在美國的人們沒有喝那麼多葡萄酒，所以肖的公司才能夠賣這麼便宜．

And nowadays it produce a huge volume and keep all the prices down.

現在則是以量制價

It merely cost 2 dollars but in 2004 Two Buck Chuck won the top prize of the 20th Daniel International Eastern Wine Competition

儘管他只價值2美元，但在2004年的第20屆丹尼爾國際東區葡萄酒競賽中，兩元酒仍奪得了頭等獎

It beat up 2,300 wines.

打敗了其他兩千三百支的葡萄酒

Hippocrates, who is known as the father of western medicine, recommended that wine is a treatment for many ailments,

人稱西方醫學之父的希波克拉底，曾推薦用葡萄酒來治療許多疾病

including diarrhea, lethargy and labor pains.

包括腹瀉、昏睡病及用於舒緩生產痛

He is my favorite doctor!

他是我最喜歡的醫生！

And in a 1997 experiment, researchers alternated German and French music in a supermarket for two weeks

在1997年的一個實驗中，研究人員把超級市場裡的音樂換成德國跟法國的音樂，為期兩個禮拜

They found that customers were more likely to buy French wine when they were listening to French music

他們發現當消費者聽法國歌曲時，會傾向於買法國產的葡萄酒

And more likely to buy German wine when listening to the German music.

聽德國音樂時，則會傾向於買德國的葡萄酒

White Zinfandel was discovered by accident in 1975 by someone working at Sutter Home.

白仙粉黛是在1975年被紅酒製造商舒特家族的工作人員意外發明的

According to the company, a winemaker took some less concentrated red Zinfandel grape juice

根據該公司的描述，一位葡萄酒釀造師使用了濃縮濃度較低的仙粉黛葡萄酒

and let it ferment because he was trying to make a stronger flavored Zinfandel. He failed.

並讓其發酵，因為他當時正嘗試創造出一個口味更為濃郁的仙粉黛．他失敗了．

Some people enjoy making red wine and Coke together

有些人喜歡把紅酒跟可樂加在一起

In Spain the drink is known as "Kalimotxo"

在西班牙這飲料被叫做Kalimotxo

I learned this from a real housewife in New Jersey as I learned everything.

這是我跟一個新澤西州的家庭主婦學來的，就跟我學其他事情一樣．

Speaking of wine and Coke, Michael Jackson used to drink wine in Diet Coke cans

提到葡萄酒跟可樂，麥可傑克森過去習慣用健怡可樂的罐子喝葡萄酒

because he didn't want his childern to see him drinking.

因為他不想要讓他的小孩看到他喝酒

Okay, I am gonna finish up by telling you some differences between red wine and white wine

最後我想要分享一些紅酒跟白酒的不同來做為結語

Red wine is red, and white wine is white.

紅酒是紅的，白酒是白的

According to the study done by Cornell University Food and Brand Lab

康乃爾大學的食物品牌研究所的一份研究指出

Wine drinkers typically pour 9% more to the glass when the wine is white rather than red.

通常人們都會喝白酒時都會比喝紅酒時多倒9%的酒

Also learned that from the housewife

這也是我從那位家庭主婦那邊學來的

The general rule you may know is that red wine goes with red meat, like beef, lamb and venison

或許你也知道的一般通則是，紅酒配紅肉，像是牛肉、羊肉及鹿肉

and white wine goes well with white meat like poultry and fish.

然後白酒配白肉，譬如家禽類及魚類

Then a sweeter wine works with deserts.

較甜的葡萄酒則適合甜點

The wine experts recommend you also pay attention to the sauce and the flavor in the dish because those rule can change.

葡萄酒專家也會建議你要留意菜色的醬汁和味道，因為上述的規則可能會因此改變

White and red wine are actually supposed to be served in different temperature, too

紅酒跟白酒也應當在不同的溫度下供應

White wine is best at 45-50 degrees Fahrenheit

白酒最適合在華氏45-50度

If it's a fuller white wine now 55-60 degrees is better

較醇厚的白酒則適合華氏55-60度

Red wine on the other hand, should be at room temperature so 59-64 degrees

紅酒則適合室溫，約華氏59-64度

When I'm in the room, 90. Because it's hot.

當我在房間時，會是90度．因為我很性感．

A red wine glass should actually have an edge that's angled slightly inwards.

紅酒杯的輪廓應該要稍微向內凹

It is supposed to make it easier to smell the wine aromas.

如此一來應該會更容易聞到紅酒的香氣

As for how it's made, both red and white grapes produce the same color of juice, clear

釀造方面，其實用來製造紅酒白酒的葡萄所榨出來的果汁都是一樣清澈的顏色

The grape skin is the reason that the red wine is red. Red grapes skins have several thousands times anthocyanidin segment

葡萄皮是使紅酒呈現紅色的原因．紫葡萄皮有數千倍之多的花青素

which turn the wine red in production.

它使得葡萄酒在釀造的過程中變紅色

Another notable difference is according to a Mayo Clinic quote

另外一個顯著的不同點是由梅奧醫學中心所提出

It is believed that drinking red wine in moderation may increase the level of HDL cholesterol which you might know as the good cholesterol.

一般相信適度飲用紅酒能夠提高被認為是好膽固醇的高密度酯蛋白的含量

And by moderation that mean up to one glass of wine per day for women and up to two for men.

所謂的適量是指一天女士們最多能飲用一杯紅酒，男士們則能喝到兩杯

Finally I return to this saloon to tell you that in 2001, an experiment was conducted with 54 undergraduates which were studying in wine testing and wine making in the University of Bordeaux.

最後回到再回到這個沙龍，跟你們講在2001年所做的實驗，這實驗請了54位專攻葡萄酒品酒及釀造的波爾多大學大學生

The researcher asked them to describe one glass of white wine and one glass of red wine.

研究人員請他們形容一杯白酒及紅酒

They didn't know the glass of red wine was actually the white wine dyed red

他們並不知道那些紅酒其實是白酒染色而成的

Not one of the 50 students realized they were drinking white wine

五十個學生中沒有人意識到他們其實是喝到白酒

And they described it having all the features of red.

他們形容這些白酒具備紅酒的特色

At least they weren't graduate then

不過至少他們還沒畢業

Thank you for watching Mental Floss on youtube which is made of helpful these wine-knows

謝謝你們在youtube上收看Mental Floass，由這些懂紅酒人們所拍攝的．

As we say in my hometown, DFTDR, don't forget to drink responsibly

如我的家鄉所說，DFTDR，別忘了要負責任地喝酒

or drink red. I like red wine better than white. Bye!

或喝紅酒．我比較喜歡紅酒．掰!