my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like,

媽媽問我想要什麼樣的房子?

and I drew this fairy mushroom.

於是我畫了這個小精靈的磨菇屋

And then she actually built it.

然後，她讓這棟房子成真了

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time,

我當時並沒瞭解到這件事有多特別

and maybe I still haven't,

也許我現在仍不覺得

because I'm still designing houses.

因為我依然在設計房子

This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali.

這是一棟六層樓量身打造的家，位於峇里島

It's built almost entirely from bamboo.

幾乎整棟都是由竹子建造的

The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor.

四樓的起居室能俯瞰山谷

You enter the house by a bridge.

而你得跨越一座橋才能進入房子

It can get hot in the tropics,

熱帶地區非常炎熱

so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes.

所以我們做了大型曲面屋頂把引進微風

But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in

而有些房間是以落地窗讓空氣流入

and the bugs out.

把蟲子檔在外面

This room we left open.

我們要讓這間房間維持開放性

We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.

因而做了有空調的帳篷床

And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room.

有位業主希望起居室的角落有電視間

Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right,

但我們覺得以高牆圍住這個空間，十分不對勁

so instead, we made this giant woven pod.

所以，我們做了這個巨大的編織艙

Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms.

現在，我們擁有了所有必備的舒適享受，例如廁所

This one is a basket in the corner of the living room,

這個籃子般的空間位於起居室一角

and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it.

我必須跟你們說，有些人不太敢用這個廁所

We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation.

我們還沒解決隔音問題

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

So there are lots of things that we're still working on,

所以還有很多事仍待我們去解決

but one thing I have learned

但我學到一件事

is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.

只要你找到對的使用方法，竹子是很好用的

It's actually a wild grass.

竹子其實是種野草

It grows on otherwise unproductive land --

長在比較貧瘠的土地上

deep ravines, mountainsides.

在溪谷深處，或山腰上

It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight,

只要供給雨水、山泉、陽光，竹子就能生生不息

and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world,

竹子的品種有1450種之多，遍及全世界

we use just seven of them.

而我們只用了其中七種

That's my dad.

這是我父親

He's the one who got me building with bamboo,

是他鼓勵我用竹子蓋房子的

and he is standing in a clump of Dendrocalamus asper niger

他正站在一叢"馬來麻竹"裡面

that he planted just seven years ago.

這些竹子是他七年前才種下的

Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots.

每一年，麻竹會抽出新芽

That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week,

我們上禮拜才目睹那支新芽在三天之內抽高了一公尺，

so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.

所以這是能在三年內成材的永續建材

Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps.

現在，我們收成數以百計家族經營的竹叢

Betung, as we call it, it's really long,

我們稱呼這是"Betung" (馬來語「竹子」之意)，它很長

up to 18 meters of usable length.

可供使用的部分長達18公尺

Try getting that truck down the mountain.

卡車正要下山

And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel,

這種竹子十分強韌，具有鋼材般的抗拉強度

the compressive strength of concrete.

也具有混凝土的抗壓強度

Slam four tons straight down on a pole,and it can take it.

竹子能承受四噸重的軸向加速載重

Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,

因為它是空心的，所以非常輕

light enough to be lifted by just a few men,

輕到幾個男人就能抬起來

or, apparently, one woman.

或者，顯然的，一個女人也能做到

(Laughter) (Applause)

(笑聲)(掌聲)

And when my father built Green School in Bali,

當我父親在峇里島建造 Green School 的時候

he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus,

他以竹子當做校內建築物的建材

because he saw it as a promise.

因為他從中看到前景

It's a promise to the kids.

這個材料是孩子們未來的希望

It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of.

竹子是永遠不會短缺，能夠永續經營的材料

And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago,

六年前，我第一次看到這些結構體正在建設中

I just thought, this makes perfect sense.

我想，這太完美了

It is growing all around us.

竹子容易取得

It's strong. It's elegant. It's earthquake-resistant.

強度高，優雅，耐震

Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?

怎麼沒有早一點拿竹子做建材呢? 那接下來我們能做什麼?

So along with some of the original builders of Green School,

因此，我與 Green School 的創始者們

I founded Ibuku.

一起創立了 Ibuku

Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth,

Ibu 是「母親」 ， ku 是「我的」，所以這代表了 「大地之母」之意

and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers,

在 Ibuku 這個團隊裡，有工匠、建築師、設計師

and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building.

我們一起開創新的建造方法

Over the past five years together,

我們合作的五年間

we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali.

蓋了超過五十棟的獨特建築，大部分位於峇里島

Nine of them are at Green Village --

其中九棟座落在 Green Village

you've just seen inside some of these homes --

你剛才看的就是其中一些房子的室內空間

and we fill them with bespoke furniture,

房子裡放的是訂製的家具

we surround them with veggie gardens,

周圍還環繞著蔬果花園

we would love to invite you all to come visit someday.

誠摯地邀請大家來拜訪我們

And while you're there, you can also see Green School --

你來訪的時候，還能參觀Green School

we keep building classrooms there each year --

我們每年仍持續增建校舍

as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.

還有這個新版的精靈磨菇屋

We're also working on a little house for export.

我們也試著蓋小房子外銷

This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated,

這是我們複製出來的傳統 Sumbanese (松巴人的傳統家屋)

right down to the details and textiles.

考究細節和編織手法

A restaurant with an open-air kitchen.

有著露天廚房的餐廳

It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?

看起來應該很像廚房吧?

And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.

這座橋以22公尺的跨距，橫越一條河

Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new.

我們所做並非全然前所未有

From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java,

從小茅屋，到精心設計的橋，裡如這座爪哇島的橋

bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world for literally tens of thousands of years.

竹子的使用遍及全世界的熱帶地區，已經好幾萬年了

There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts.

人們第一次抵達某些島嶼、甚至大陸，就是乘著竹筏

But until recently,

但直到最近以前，

it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects,

幾乎無法讓竹子免於蟲害

and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.

因此，幾乎所有曾用竹子建造的東西都消失了

Unprotected bamboo weathers.

未受保護的竹子會風化

Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.

未經處理的竹子會被蟲蛀得一乾二淨

And so that's why most people, especially in Asia, think that

這也就是為什麼大多數人，尤其在亞洲，會認為

you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want to live in a bamboo house.

應該沒人會窮到、鄉下到竟然想住在竹子屋裡

And so we thought,

因此，我們思考

what will it take to change their minds, to convince people that

要怎麼樣才能讓他們改觀? 說服他們

that bamboo is worth building with, much less worth aspiring to?

竹子非常適合建設用途，更不用說是值得探究的構築材料

First, we needed safe treatment solutions.

第一，我們需要安全的處理手法

Borax is a natural salt.

硼砂是天然的鹽類

It turns bamboo into a viable building material.

能把竹子轉變成耐受性高的建築材料

Treat it properly, design it carefully,

適當地處理，用心地設計

and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.

這樣一來竹子構造就能使用一輩子

Second, build something extraordinary out of it. Inspire people.

第二，用竹子蓋出一些獨特的建築，讓人們驚艷

Fortunately, Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship. It values the artisan.

幸運的是，峇里人的文化鼓勵工藝技術、重視工匠

So combine those with the adventurous outliers

同時結合一些愛創新、冒險的人們

from new generations of locally trained architects and designers and engineers,

包括在地訓練的新生代建築師、設計師和工程師

and always remember that you are designing

再加上不斷地提醒自己: 你正在設計的是

for curving, tapering, hollow poles.

彎曲的、錐形的中空管

No two poles alike, no straight lines, no two-by-fours here.

每一根竹子都是獨特的，沒有直線，這裡沒有2x4系統模矩(工業化的木構造工法)

The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture do not apply here.

行之有效的、精製的設計方法和建築語彙，這裡都不適用

We have had to invent our own rules.

我們必須找到自己的方式

We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become,

我們問竹子，它最在行的是什麼? 它想變成什麼?

and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths,

它說: 尊重它，用它的優點來設計

protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.

做好防水，並且充分利用它的曲線

So we design in real 3D,

我們採用實體的3D來做設計

making scale structural models

製作成比例的建築模型

out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house.

模型所用的材料，和之後蓋房子要用的建材一模一樣

And bamboo model-making, it's an art,

用竹子做模型，根本是一門藝術

as well as some hardcore engineering.

也是很費力的工程

So that's the blueprint of the house.

這就是房子的設計藍圖

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And we bring it to site,

我們帶模型去工地，

and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole,

用縮小比例尺，度量每一根竹棒

and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile

考慮每一道弧線，從竹堆裡挑出適合的那一根竹子

to replicate that house on site.

然後，在現場複製出這棟房子

When it comes down to the details, we consider everything.

到了細部設計階段時，我們必須全面考量

Why are doors so often rectangular?

為什麼門總是矩形的?

Why not round?

為什麼不是圓形?

How could you make a door better?

怎麼做出一扇更好的門?

Well, its hinges battle with gravity,

門絞鏈和地心引力一直在戰鬥 (重力使門絞鏈變形)

and gravity will always win in the end,

而地心引力總是戰勝

so why not have it pivot on the center where it can stay balanced?

既然如此，何不把門軸放在中間，門就能維持平衡?

And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?

當你這麼做了，又想，那為什麼不把門做成淚滴型呢?

To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints of this material,

為了從這個材料的的限制中，充分利用每一個優點

we have really had to push ourselves,

我們必須一直鞭策自己

and within that constraint, we have found space for something new.

而在竹子的限制性當中，我們找到一些新契機

It's a challenge, how do you make a ceiling if you don't have any flat boards to work with?

挑戰一下: 在沒有任何平板材料的情況下，你要怎麼做天花板?

Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood.

說真的，有時候我會希望我可以用石膏板或合板

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen

但如果你只有技巧精湛的工匠

and itsy bitsy little splits,

和精細小巧的竹片

weave that ceiling together,

那就把天花板織起來

stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.

上面用展開的帆布覆蓋，上漆

How do you design durable kitchen countertops

如何設計耐用的廚房檯面

that do justice to this curving structure you've just built?

才不辜負你剛蓋好的彎曲建築物呢?

Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,

把大圓石像麵包一樣切成片

hand-carve each to fit the other,

手工雕琢讓他們一片片接合起來

leave the crusts on,

並保留石頭外殼表面

and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade.

我們幾乎所有東西都是手工製作

The structural connections of our buildings are reinforced by steel joints,

建築物的結構接頭用鋼接頭強化，

but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.

但我們也用了很多手工削成的竹製插梢

There are thousands of pins in each floor.

每一層樓都有幾千個插梢

This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin.

這個地板是由光亮且強韌的竹子皮做成的

You can feel the texture under bare feet.

你可以赤足感受它的紋理

And the floor that you walk on, can it affect the way that you walk?

你的腳踩在哪一種地板上，會不會影響你走路的方式?

Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world?

它會不會改變你最終留在這世界上的足跡呢?

I remember being nine years old

我記得我九歲的時候

and feeling wonder, and possibility,

感受到驚奇，和各種可能性

and a little bit of idealism.

還有一點點理想主義

And we've got a really long way to go,

我們還有很長的路要走

there's a lot left to learn,

還有許多要學習的

but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment,

但我知道，以創造力和決心，

you can create beauty and comfort

你可以創造出美麗、舒適

and safety and even luxury

安全，甚至是豪華的空間

out of a material that will grow back.

全出自於這種能夠再生的材料

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)