I can help you. Hello. My name is Ronnie.

我可以幫你。你好，我是Ronnie。

I'm going to teach you a couple of tips and a couple of ways to help you when you have to do a scary presentation or speech.

我要教你幾個小撇步和方式，幫助你面對令人害怕的演講和報告。

When I was younger -- when I was really young, I had to do speeches every year in elementary school

當我還非常年輕，還在就讀國小時，每一年我都要發表演講。

and high school, maybe, I don't remember. I don't remember high school, okay? I do remember, specifically,

或許高中也有，但我不記得了，我只記得

in elementary school, every year, we had to do speeches. Guess what, ladies and gentlemen.

在國小的每一年，我們都要演講。你知道嗎?小姐，先生們，

You are looking at the grade 3 speech champion of Memorial school.

站在你們面前的是紀念中學三年級裡的演講冠軍。

Thank you. Thank you. Look what I am today.

謝謝，看看我現在有多厲害。

So when I was in grade 3, I made the best speech in my class. I went on to

所以在我三年級時，我的演講是在班上最好的。我曾在

do the speech in the auditorium or the gymnasium. I won first place. Oh, yeah. I won a book.

禮堂和體育館演講過。我贏得冠軍。哦耶，獎品是一本書。

I don't like books. I was like, "I got a book. Thanks." I was eight years old. I wrote a speech.

但我不喜歡書。所以領獎時我心想:「喔，獎品只是一本書，謝謝。」我八歲就自己寫稿。

I delivered the speech, and I won. I'm going to teach you what I know. This isn't a fool proof way,

發表演講並贏得比賽。所以現在我要來教你們一些訣竅。雖然沒有經過驗證，

but this is how I to it. And maybe, this will work for you.

不過這就是我獲勝的方法，或許這些會對你們有幫助。

How to make a speech or presentation. And, speeches and presentation are, of course, different.

要怎麼發表一篇演講和報告。當然，演講和報告是不同的。

Speeches are more what you want to tell people about an interesting topic.

演講較像是你呈現給大家一件有趣的主題。

And presentations are usually more work-based. But sometimes, they overlap. Sometimes, in schools, you have

而報告通常是與工作相關。但有時候，他們是有相同點。有時，在學校，你

to do a speech, and also you will probably have to make a presentation about maybe a boring topic that the teacher gives you

要準備演講，你大概也會接觸到老師訂定的無聊主題，

like World War II. How mundane.

像是第二次世界大戰。多無聊阿。

So the very first thing that I'm going to tell you about is how to actually form or make a

所以第一件事情，我要跟你講的是，你要如何呈現出一篇

decent speech. Sometimes, this is unavoidable. But maybe, if you can, choose a good or interesting topic.

像樣的演講。有時你是沒辦法選主題的。但如果說，你可以選擇一個較好又有趣的主題。

When I say interesting or good, the only person that needs to think this is interesting is you -- me -- you.

我所謂有趣的事情，是你自己也要覺得有趣的。

If you have a wide-open topic, for example, your history teacher goes, "World War II."

如果是一個範圍大的主題，例如，你的歷史老師指定"第二次世界大戰"為主題。

You go, "oh, god. Okay. Well, I know the history of World War II and the

你會說"喔"，我的天啊，恩，很好，我知道第二次世界大戰的歷史，

terrible Hitler, and all this stuff went down." So what you're going to do is you're going

残酷的希特勒，和這件歷史的結果。"所以，你要做的是

to try to choose a different angle, a different topic or a different way to present the information

以不同的角度，不同的論點，或是不同的方式，來呈現這件歷史事件

that no one's heard about before.

鮮少人知的一面。

So if you have the opportunity to choose your own topic and the teacher doesn't give it to you, wide-open spaces.

所以如果你有機會決定自己的主題時，或者老師給你一個大範圍的主題，讓你自己想時，

Choose what you like. What's your hobby? What's your passion?

想一個你有興趣的。你有什麼嗜好?你熱愛什麼?

What do you like to talk about? Choose that -- bam. Make a really interesting presentation or speech.

你喜歡講些什麼?往這些方面想，砰！你就可以發表一篇非常有趣的報告或是演講。

If you're excited about topic, then the other people will also feel your enthusiasm or feel your excitement,

如果你非常熱衷投入在你的論點中，其他人也能有所感受到，那股熱情又激昂的情緒，

and it will be a good speech or presentation. So one, choose a good or interesting topic, if you can.

這樣就會是一個很好的演講和報告。所以第一點，如果你可以自己定主題的話，定一個你有興趣的。

No. 2, this is really important. If you are given a topic, I know it might be boring.

第二點，這點非常重要。如果是一個指定的題目，我知道那可能會是很無聊的題目。

Know your topic, or know your content. Nowadays, you can just go on the web, the good old website -- the Internet --

要了解你的主題，或了解你的內容。現今，你可以從網路得到很多訊息，一個很好的老方法"網路"。

and you can blob the information off of Wikipedia or off of any kind of web page that you want,

你可以擷取維基百科上的資料，或者是你想要的任何網頁內容。

throw together the speech, stand up in front of everyone staring at you,

把資料統整為一個講稿，然後站在每個人可以看到你的地方演講。

yabber, yabber, yabber, jabber, jabber jabber. Then, at the end of it -- thank god it's over

一直不停地唸出你整理的資料。接著，最後，哦，感謝上帝，終於結束了。

-- someone's going to ask you a question. "Oh, god. I don't know the answer" -- because

這時如果有人問你一個問題。你心想 "哦，天啊，我不知道如何回答。" 因為

you didn't research it. You just copied and pasted off the Internet.

你沒有仔細細讀你查到的資料。你只是把資料從網路上複製和貼上而已。

You can do that, whisk through it, ask a question, "I don't know." Speech is done.

你可以快速的把你的演講結束掉，被問問題時，回答"我不知道"，然後就可以結束了。

But if you have to do this for work, if your boss gives you a presentation or a speech to do for work,

但如果這是有關你的工作，像是你的老闆要你做一個報告或演講。

this is really important. Know your stuff. Know, maybe, what the people are going to ask you.

這就非常重要的。要了解你的東西。或許，也要知道別人可能會問你的問題。

Think of questions you would ask someone giving the same speech. As long as you know the information,

想像如果是你在聽這個演講，你可能會問的問題。所以只要你有足夠的準備，

your confidence is going to go like this. Your nervousness or your anxiety is going to go like this.

你的自信就會像這樣---往上升。而你緊張和焦慮感覺就像這樣的往下掉。

If you're confident, you know the topic, you know in and out everything about it, you're going to be the expert on it,

一旦你有自信，對於主題的內容又瞭若指掌，那麼你就能在其中游刃自如。

and it's going to rock. Okay?

這樣你的演講會讚到不行，清楚嗎?

Next one. Know your audience. Who are you talking to? Are you going to be speaking to people from other countries?

接下來，知道你的觀眾。你的觀眾是誰?你的觀眾是來自哪些國家?

Does everyone know and understand your language? Or are

所有觀眾是否都能了解你的語言? 或者

some people from different countries and have a hard time knowing your language or don't really know.

有一些來自不同國家的人無法了解你的語言，

Or you have to make a presentation in English, and English is not your first language.

又或者你要做英文報告，而英文不是你的母語。

Cool. Don't worry about it. Relax. Take your time. But know who you're talking to.

沒關係。別擔心這個。放輕鬆。慢慢來。但是要知道誰是你的觀眾。

If you have to do a speech to people who are children, you have to use vocabulary and language that the children know.

如果你是要對小孩們演講，你就必須要用適合小孩的字眼。

You also have to talk to them in a way where they understand and respect you.

你也必須要和他們對話，讓他們理解你、尊重你。

If you're doing a business presentation and it has to be really, really formal, so do you.

而如果你有個正式的商業報告，理所當然的你要非常非常的正式。

You have to know what you want the people to get out of it, and you have to know who the people are.

你想要讓你的觀眾了解到什麼。你也要知道誰是你的觀眾。

Really important.

這是非常重要的。

Next one. Just to make it more interesting, just so nobody falls asleep, starts drooling,

接下來，就要把你的觀點有趣的呈現出來，這樣才不會有人睡著、流口水，

use, if you can, props. So "props" are things like -- oh, I don't know -- some paper towel.

如果你可以用道具。道具就像是....恩，我不知道，像是紙巾

Or a lot of the times when you're doing presentations, you have a beautiful computer. Use some slides.

或在大多的時間裡，當你要報告時，旁邊會有一台漂亮的電腦。你可以用投影片呈現你的觀點。

Use some pictures. Anything to hold the person's interest during the speech or during the presentation.

用一些圖片。在演講或報告中，任何東西都是可以用來吸引觀眾的。

If there is one person just talking, guess what? I'm going to turn off. I'm going to

如果就只有一個人一直在講話，猜猜看會怎樣?我會關掉它。我會覺得

be so bored, and I'm not going to listen anymore. Try and make the content with pictures or slides or props or something.

很無聊，不會再繼續聽下去。嘗試在你的內容中加入一些圖片、用投影片、道具，或其它東西。

Something to make it different from other people.

一些可以讓你的報告更為顯眼。

Next one. Do you like making presentations? No? What about speeches? Do you like speeches?

接下來。你喜歡做報告嗎?不喜歡?那演講呢?你喜歡演講嗎?

No? Okay. One way to maybe start a speech or start a presentation, grab the audience's attention --

也不喜歡?好。有個方式，可以在一開始的演講和報告就吸引到觀眾的注意，

don't grab the audience; grab their attention -- is to start your speech or start your presentation with a question.

不要抓住觀眾的心，而是要去引起他們的注意，就是以問題來作開場。

It's kind of an old technique, but it works every time.

這是滿老套的方式，但卻滿管用的。

Instead of going up to the front and going, "Today, I'm going to talk about elephants."

而非站在上台時，就平白的說"今天，我要談大象。"

You're going to go, "Hey! Do you like elephants? Have you ever ridden on an elephants?

你要大膽的說: "嘿!你們喜歡大象嗎?那你們有騎過大象嗎?

No? Go ride an elephant." If you grab the audience's attention at first, the

沒有?那趕快去騎騎看。" 如果一開始觀眾就被你吸引了，

more people are going to like it, they're going to listen to it, and it's just going to be more fun.

那會有更多人喜歡你的演講，他們會專心的聽，而你的演講會因此變得更有趣。

Problem.

但是有個問題。

You've written this amazing speech. Okay? You've got a great topic. You know all the information.

你已經準備好完美的講稿。你有一個非常好的主題。有關的訊息你都非常了解。

Someone's going to ask you a question; you've got the answer. You know the people.

有人可能會問你問題，你已經想好答案。你了解你的觀眾。

You've got some slides. You've got some props. You've got it. Awesome. But

你有投影片。你也準備一些道具。你全都準備好了。非常好。但是

oh, my god, you are so nervous. Okay? You're anxious. You can't sleep the night before.

喔，我的天啊，你非常緊張。你很焦慮。你前一晚沒辦法睡。

During the presentation, before the presentation, you're really nervous. You're shaking. That's normal.

在報告期間，或者在報告之前，你很緊張。你會發抖。這是非常正常的。

Don't worry. The more presentations you make, the more speeches you do, this nervousness

不要擔心。你的簡報及講稿做得越多，這樣的緊張

and this anxiety will hopefully lessen, go away, dissipate. I remember the very first

和焦慮感就會慢慢降低、或消失。我記得第一次

time that I got to be a teacher. When I was teaching before, I was in a tiny classroom, four people.

當上老師時。我曾在小間教室，教導過四個學生。

And I'll never forget the time I walked into a classroom and everyone was staring at me.

那次讓我十分難忘，當我走進教室時，每個人都盯著我看。

Was I nervous? Oh, yeah. Was I anxious? Not really -- because I knew my stuff.

當時的我緊張嗎?哦，當然，當時的我焦慮嗎?不全然，因為我知道我要教的東西。

I know what these people want. I know what they need. I know what I have to give them.

我知道這些人想要學到什麼。我知道他們需要什麼。我知道我要教的東西。

So you are nervous? That's cool. Tips to combat nervousness. Don't drink a lot of coffee.

所以你緊張嗎? 那沒關係。小撇步去戰勝你的緊張。不要喝太多咖啡。

If you drink a lot of coffee before the presentation, you're going to be moving. The coffee's going to make you seem nervous.

如果在你報告之前，喝太多咖啡，你的情緒會有所動搖。咖啡似乎會使你緊張。

Maybe you're calm, but the coffee gets your body moving more.

或許你是冷靜的，但是咖啡會讓你的情緒更為動搖。

People have always said, when you're making a speech or a presentation, do not move around too much.

大家也都會說，你發表演講或是報告時，不要一直走動。

I disagree. I remember I was making a presentation in high school, and I stood -- strange.

但我不同意。我記得當我在高中發表報告時，我沒站得端正。

I stood in a strange position, and I stood on my foot, and I fell over.

我站不端正，我一隻腳踩在我另一隻腳上，然後我跌倒了。

It was hilarious. I fell. I almost hit my head on the board. The whole class was like,

那是非常好笑的。因為我跌倒。我的頭差點就要撞到白板。整個教室的人都問:

"Are you okay?" I thought it was funny. Who got extra marks? Me. Because I was able to laugh at it and continue going.

"你還好嗎?" 我當時覺得非常好笑。但誰得到額外分數?我! 因為我能一笑置之，然後繼續我的報告。

Bad things might happen. You might fall over. But if you deliver a speech like this and are a statue and don't move,

壞事可能會發生。你可能會跌倒。但是如果你發表演講時，站得直挺挺的，像個雕像不動。

it's boring. Body movement is essential when you're making a speech.

那會是無聊的。你發表演講時，身體的帶動是需要的。

You want the person to look at you. You want to make sure that they're not sleeping.

你想要別人注意你。你想要確定他們沒有睡著。

You want to move around. Okay?

你就要四處走動。清楚嗎?

Also, it hides your nervousness. The reason why I was doing this when I was in class was because I was nervous

除此之外，這樣身體的移動也可以遮掩你的緊張。之前在高中演講，因為我緊張，所以我會在演講做一些動作，

and I was playing with my feet, and I fell.

像是玩弄我的腳，這就是為什麼我會在演講中跌倒。

I do a little dance if I'm nervous. I listen to music before I do my presentation so that I'm not as nervous.

如果我緊張時，我會跳舞。在做報告之前，我會聽音樂放鬆我自己。

I think about a song, and I play it.

我會想著一首歌，然後聽著它。

The only concrete way that I can tell you to really, really, really stop your nervousness is to practice.

我可以告訴你一個非常有用的方式來消除你的緊張，就是練習。

You've got this beautiful speech, but you don't know it; you have not remembered it.

你準備了一個完美的講稿。但你不知道，你有沒有記得你的內容。

It's impossible to memorize everything. But the more you practice your speech,

要記住所有東西是不太可能的。但隨著練習講稿的次數越多，

the more comfortable you're going to be presenting it to other people.

你能更自然地呈現你的觀點給其他人。

If you go up to the front and you read off a piece of paper, your voice is going to be like a robot.

但如果你站在所有人前面，照著稿唸，你的聲音會像是個機器人。

It's going to be terrible. So you need to practice it so you can remember quite a lot of it.

這會是很糟的。所以你必須要練習，你就可以記得大部分的講稿。

The more you practice, the more you know, the more comfortable you become with yourself saying it.

你練習越多次，你會記得更多，你也能以更自然的方式來呈現你的觀點。

And because you know your topic, because you know your audience,

因為你了解你的主題，又知道你的觀眾，

because you've practiced your speech, nothing can go wrong. Maybe you forget a word.

也已經練習了講稿，一切都沒有出錯。你可能會忘記一個字。

That's cool. You keep on going because you've practiced it.

那沒關係。你能繼續接下去，因為你有足夠的練習。

When it comes the time to make the speech, please speak loud enough so that everyone can hear you.

演講時，講大聲一點，這樣大家才可以聽到。

And please speak clearly. When you're speaking to people, you have to slow down.

也要講得仔細。另外，你跟人談話時，你必須要減慢。

One problem I have when I'm nervous is I talk really quickly and I mumble, which means I don't say the words clearly.

我自己會有個問題，就是當我緊張時，我講話會變得很快，然後我會喃喃自語，沒辦法清楚地呈現我的觀點。

That's the nervous factor. Usually, when I start,

這就是緊張的後果。通常，我開始演講時，

I talk really, really fast. But by the end of it, you pace yourself, and your speech becomes clearer.

我都會講得非常快。而到最後時，你會調整你自己，而你的演講會變得更清楚。

That's natural; that's cool. But try and concentrate on having a loud voice and saying the words clearly.

這是人的天性，沒關係。但試著大聲又清楚的呈現你的觀點。

This is really important (make eye contact). If someone was giving you a presentation or a speech and they stared

這是很重要的(眼神交流)。如果有人要發表報告或演講，他們

directly at one person -- let's say the one person was you -- how would you feel?

直接盯著一個人(就在你面前的話)，你會有什麼感覺?

I'd feel nervous. So when you're making a speech or presentation, it's really important to maintain eye contact --

如果是我，我會緊張。所以當你發表演講和報告時，不要忘記保持與觀眾之間的眼神交流。

not with one person, not with the floor, not with your paper, with everyone.

不是只是看一個人，也不是只盯著地板，更不是盯著你的小抄，而是與每個人有所眼神交流。

Really, really important to look at every single person that you're talking to.

和每個在場的觀眾，有眼神的交流是非常的重要。

Do a little room sweep. Go, "Hey, Bob. Yeah. What's up?" Pretend that you're individually looking at all the people.

看看四周的人。可以說"嘿，Bob，耶，過得如何?" 假裝你有與每個人都對到眼。

Don't stare at one person. That's weird. Don't stare at two people.

不要只瞪著一個人。那很奇怪。也不要只瞪著兩個人。

It's like you're playing ping-pong. Are you guys playing ping-pong? Don't do that.

這樣就像你在玩乒乓球。你們倆是在玩乒乓球嗎? 不要這麼做。

That's strange. Don't stare straight ahead. Don't stare at the ceiling. Look at the people.

很詭異的。不要直接瞪著一個人。不要直視著天花板。看看底下的觀眾。

Look at their eyes. Okay? Look at the people's eyes. Make sure they're looking at you.

與他們的眼神有所交集。好嗎? 看他們的眼睛。確定他們也在看著你。

If someone's sleeping or someone's not paying attention to you, if you look at them, they're like,

如果有人在睡覺或沒注意你時，你看著他們，他們會像是

"Oh, hey. Yeah." Very important, eye contact.

"哦，嘿，對。" 恩，眼神的交流是很重要的。

Sometimes, like I said, you've got your speech. You're nervous. You've practiced. You've practiced.

但有時，像我剛說的，你已經準備好你的講稿。你會緊張。你已經練習再練習。

But of course, you think, "Oh, my god. What if I forget or blank out or -- I just can't do it. What am I going to do?"

但你當然會想著"喔，我的天啊，如果演講到一半，我分心或忘記講稿，我就不能完成它，那我要怎麼辦?"

Well, solution -- cue cards. Cue cards are little pieces of paper

恩，解決方法是，提示卡，提示卡就是小小的紙張

or cardboard that you write down your main points of your presentation or your speech.

或硬纸張，你可以寫下你報告或演講的重點。

So you do not want to read or write down all of the speech because you're like

但是你不應該寫下所有的講稿，像是

this, "Yesterday, I saw a really cool elephant. It was -- it was -- gray. It was gray."

"昨天，我看到一隻非常不錯的大象，它...它...是灰色的，它是灰色的。"

If you write down all the speech, your eyes have to read it really quickly and it stops the flow of your speech.

如果你寫下這整個講稿，你的眼睛就要看得非常得快，而你的演講就會被中斷。

So write down the main points of the cue cards.

所以在提示卡上，只寫下重點。

Maybe on one cue card, you could have the main point and three points to help you.

像在一張提示卡上，你可以看到一個重點或三個要點提醒你。

So maybe you're reading something or you're speaking, and you forget something. That's cool.

所以可能當你在讀某一部分，或講的時候，你忘記了某一個部分。那沒關係。

"Oh, yeah. That part." Okay? And say to the people -- just say, "Hold on. Good."

你可以馬上在提示卡上發現"哦，對，那部分，" 然後對觀眾說"等一下，好。"

There's no problem forgetting something, but if there's a long silence or you're awkward about it, there's a problem.

忘記講稿不是問題，但如果你停頓的非常久，你又表現的不自然。那就是個問題。

Apologize. Look it up. Everyone's cool. Don't worry about it.

說聲道歉。瞄一下提示卡。大家都能接受的。不要擔心。

So during your presentation, make eye contact; speak loudly; speak clearly; try and remember

所以在你呈現簡報的時候，與觀眾眼神交流、大聲的說、清楚表達、試著記住

your speech. Practice, practice, practice. It's going to reduce your nervousness and your anxiety.

你的講稿。練習、練習、再練習。這會減低你的緊張和焦慮。

Before you make the speech, make sure it's pretty interesting.

在你演講之前，確定你的演講是有趣的。

To help you more with this, there's a really, really cool website called www.PresentationPrep.com.

為了能幫助你了解更多的內容，有一個很棒的網站叫www.PresentationPrep.com，

If you're finding that you have to do a lot of presentations for work or for school or for anything,

如果你有很多的報告要準備，無論是在工作、學校抑或其他方面的。

check out this website. It will help you just like this did.

上那網站看看。就如我的影片一樣，它也能幫助你。

Good luck in your speeches. Adios.

希望你的演講會越來越好。再見。