Name: 佛羅倫斯：文藝復興的璀璨心臟！ (Florence: Heart of the Renaissance)
Uploaded: 2026-02-02T07:48:59.000Z
Duration: 24 min 58 s

又回來帶大家看更多歐洲的精彩之處。

關係子句

This time, we explore the city that pulled Europe out of the Middle Ages and into the modern world.

這次，我們要探索這座將歐洲從中世紀拉拔出來，帶入現代世界的城市。

15th century Florence was the home of the Renaissance and the birthplace of our modern Western world.

十五世紀的佛羅倫斯是文藝復興的發源地，也是我們現代西方世界的誕生地。

Within a few hundred yards of where I'm standing, you can enjoy much of the greatest art created during that exciting age.

在我站的這裡幾百碼內，就能欣賞到那個精彩時代創作的許多偉大藝術。

Gaze into the eyes of Michelangelo's David.

凝視米開朗基羅的大衛的雙眼。

欣賞波提且利的維納斯的誕生。

Delve into the 3D wonders of Ghiberti's glorious bronze gates.

深入探索吉貝爾蒂那壯麗的青銅門的立體奇蹟。

Appreciate Fra Angelico's serene beauty, and climb the dome that kicked off the Renaissance.

欣賞安傑利科寧靜之美，並登上開啟文藝復興的圓頂。

And beyond the art, Florence knows how to embrace life.

而且，佛羅倫斯不只懂藝術，更懂得享受生活。

We'll cross the Arno to where Florentine artists live, work and eat very well.

我們要跨過阿諾河，來到佛羅倫斯藝術家生活、工作、享用美食的地方。

但首先，我們要稍微回溯一下。

After the fall of ancient Rome, Europe wallowed in centuries of relative darkness.

古羅馬滅亡後，歐洲陷入了數百年的相對黑暗時期。

There was little learning, commerce or travel.

Then, in about 1400, here in Florence, there was a Renaissance.

然後，大約在 1400 年，就在佛羅倫斯，出現了文藝復興。

This exciting rebirth of the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome swept from here all across Europe.

這股古希臘和古羅馬文化的精彩重生，從這裡席捲了整個歐洲。

In architecture, the Renaissance brought a return to the balanced domes, columns and arches of the ancient world.

在建築方面，文藝復興帶回了古羅馬時期均衡的圓頂、柱子和拱門。

In painting, it revealed realism and emotion.

在繪畫方面，文藝復興展現了寫實主義和情感。

Artists rediscovered the wonder of nature and the human body.

藝術家們重新發現了自然和人體的奇妙之處。

Portraying beautiful people in harmonious surroundings, they expressed the optimism and confidence of this new age.

他們描繪美麗的人們在和諧的環境中，表達了這個新時代的樂觀與自信。

The suddenly perky Western civilization made up for lost centuries with huge gains in science, economics and art.

蓬勃發展的西方文明，透過科學、經濟和藝術的巨大進步，彌補了失去的幾個世紀。

Florence was the center of it all, and for good reason.

佛羅倫斯是這一切的中心，而且有充分的理由。

This is where capitalism was replacing feudalism, being the middleman of trade between east and West.

這裡資本主義取代了封建制度，成為東西方貿易的中間人。

The city had money and it knew what to do with it.

這座城市有錢，而且知道如何運用它。

Wealthy merchant and banking families like the Medici, who ruled Florence for generations, showed their civic pride by commissioning splendid art.

像美第奇家族這樣富有的商人與銀行家族，統治佛羅倫斯數代，透過委託創作精美的藝術來展現他們的公民榮譽感。

And Florence, recognizing and paying creative genius like no one else, unleashed an explosion of innovation.

而佛羅倫斯，以無與倫比的眼光和報酬，釋放了創新的爆炸。

It was a time of confidence, when people worked hard, business was respectable and excellence was rewarded.

這是一個充滿自信的時代，人們努力工作，商業備受尊敬，卓越的表現也獲得了回報。

The church no longer put a ceiling on learning.

And the great pre Christian thinkers like Plato and Aristotle were back in vogue.

而像柏拉圖和亞里斯多德這樣古希臘的偉大思想家又重新流行起來。

In about 1400 with the advent of the Renaissance.

大約在西元一四○○年，隨著文藝復興的出現。

Man, now alert, begins to stand on his own, moving out of the shadow of the church.

覺醒的人們開始獨立自主，走出教會的陰影。

This David, by the early Renaissance Florentine sculptor Donatello, is one of the first free standing male nudes sculpted in Europe in a thousand years.

這尊由早期文藝復興時期佛羅倫斯雕塑家多那太羅所創作的大衛，是歐洲近千年來首批獨立站立的男性裸體雕塑之一。

It's art for art's sake, adorning not a church, but a rich man's courtyard.

這是為藝術而藝術的創作，裝飾的不是教堂，而是富人的庭院。

While the formal subject is still biblical.

儘管其正式主題仍是聖經故事。

David slaying the giant Goliath's severed head is at David's feet.

大衛腳邊放著他斬殺巨人歌利亞的頭顱。

Truth be told, it's a classical nude, a celebration of the human body.

說實話，這是一尊古典裸體雕塑，是對人體的頌揚。

A generation before this would have been shocking.

早個幾代人看到這尊雕像，肯定會覺得很震驚。

但在文藝復興時期，這就是藝術。

Florence was long an economic powerhouse.

佛羅倫斯早就是一個經濟強權了。

Rather than its church, it's the city hall, once the palace of the Medici family, that towers over the main square.

在廣場上，最引人注目的不是教堂，而是市政廳，也就是以前美第奇家族的宮殿。

Michelangelo's David originally stood here.

米開朗基羅的大衛雕像原本就立在這裡。

The original David is the centerpiece of the nearby Accademia Gallery, which feels like a temple to humanism.

真品大衛雕像現在是附近學院美術館的鎮館之寶，那裡感覺就像是人文主義的殿堂。

在它的祭壇上，是一位非常令人印象深刻的人物。

他好像在想，我絕對可以打贏他。

The statue was an apt symbol, inspiring Florentines to tackle their Goliaths.

這座雕像象徵著佛羅倫斯人有能力克服他們的強敵，非常貼切。

When you look at David, you're looking at Renaissance man.

當你欣賞大衛時，你看到的就是文藝復興時期的人。

Artists now made their point using realism.

藝術家們現在透過寫實手法來表達他們的想法。

They did this by merging art and science.

他們是透過結合藝術與科學來做到的。

For instance, Michelangelo actually dissected human corpses to better understand anatomy.

例如，米開朗基羅實際上會解剖人體屍體，以更好地瞭解解剖學。

Now people realized that the best way to glorify God was not to bow down in church all day long, but

現在人們意識到，榮耀上帝的最佳方式不是整天在教堂裡鞠躬，而是

to recognize their talents and to use them.

Artists like Michelangelo even exaggerated realism to make their point.

像是米開朗基羅這樣的藝術家，甚至會誇大寫實來表達他們的觀點。

注意到大衛的雙手又大又張開。

It was God that powered David to slay the giant.

是上帝賦予大衛力量去擊敗巨人。

And Florentines like to think God's favor enabled them to rise above rival neighboring city states.

佛羅倫斯人也喜歡認為是上帝的恩寵讓他們能超越競爭的鄰近城邦。

The nave, like hall leading to David, is lined with Michelangelo's unfinished prisoners struggling to break out of the marble.

中殿，就像通往大衛的走廊，兩旁是米開朗基羅未完成的囚犯，他們正努力從大理石中掙脫出來。

Michelangelo believed these figures were divinely created within the rock.

米開朗基羅相信這些雕像是在岩石中由神創造的。

Here we see the Renaissance love of the body as Michelangelo reveals these compelling figures.

在這裡，我們看到了文藝復興時期對身體的熱愛，米開朗基羅展現了這些引人注目的雕像。

While these statues are called unfinished, perhaps Michelangelo was satisfied.

雖然這些雕像被稱為未完成，但或許米開朗基羅已經很滿意了。

He'd set them free and he moved on to other challenges.

他讓這些雕像自由，然後繼續挑戰其他作品。

Now that the old center of Florence is essentially traffic free, the city itself is more enjoyable than ever.

現在佛羅倫斯舊城區基本上沒有交通，整座城市比以往任何時候都更令人愉悅。

Early in the morning, the service trucks make their deliveries.

清晨時分，服務貨車會進行運送。

Then the people happily retake the streets.

接著人們開心地重新佔領街道。

The city is easy to navigate and its sites are close together.

這座城市很容易導覽，景點也都很近。

Everything in this episode is within a 15 minute walk.

本集介紹的所有地方都在 15 分鐘步行範圍內。

And without the noise and distraction of cars, the architecture is easier to appreciate.

而且沒有了汽車的噪音和幹擾，建築也更容易欣賞。

The renaissance lasted roughly two centuries.

文藝復興時期大約持續了兩個世紀。

The High Renaissance, or 1500s, is well known for the work of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael.

盛期文藝復興，也就是 1500 年代，以李奧納多、米開朗基羅和拉斐爾的作品聞名。

But the first half of The Renaissance, the 1400s, is often overlooked.

但文藝復興的早期，也就是 1400 年代，卻常常被忽略。

While the main structure of the Florence Cathedral is medieval, its remarkable dome and much of the art decorating its facade, baptistery and bell tower define this first century of the Renaissance.

雖然佛羅倫斯大教堂的主體結構屬於中世紀，但其令人驚嘆的圓頂，以及裝飾在正面、洗禮堂和鐘樓上的許多藝術品，都定義了文藝復興的開端。

The duomo that's Italian for cathedral, is huge, the largest anywhere.

Duomo，義大利語就是大教堂，非常巨大，是當時世界上最大的建築。

When finished in the 15th century and still in the top 20.

於 15 世紀完工，至今仍是前 20 名之一。

這座教堂最出名的就是它的圓頂。

The first of the Renaissance and the first great dome built in Europe in over a thousand years.

這是文藝復興的開端，也是一千多年來歐洲建造的第一個偉大圓頂。

The church was built in Gothic times, but

rather than being kept by another spire, it was left with a gaping hole, waiting for technology to catch up with the city's vision.

它並沒有被另一個尖塔取代，而是留下一個巨大的開口，等待技術跟上城市的願景。

In 1420, Filippo Brunelleschi won the job and built the dome that kicked off the architectural Renaissance.

1420 年，菲利波·布魯內萊斯基贏得了這項工程，並建造了開啟建築文藝復興的圓頂。

Brunelleschi's dome, which inspired those that followed from the Vatican to the U.S.

布魯內萊斯基的圓頂啟發了後來的許多建築，從梵蒂岡到美國

capitol, showed how art and science could be combined to make beauty.

國會大廈，都展現了藝術與科學如何結合創造出美麗。

And today it rewards those who climb to the top with a grand Florence view.

而今天，爬到頂端的人們將能俯瞰壯麗的佛羅倫斯景色。

While the Duomo's architecture and statues are impressive, the baptistery across from the cathedral is centuries older.

雖然主教堂的建築和雕像令人印象深刻，但教堂對面的八角形禮拜堂已經有數百年的歷史了。

The baptistery is separate because in medieval times you couldn't enter the church until you were baptized.

八角形禮拜堂是獨立的，因為在中世紀，你必須先受洗才能進入教堂。

Its interior glitters with Byzantine style mosaics created in the 13th century, long before the Renaissance.

它的內部裝飾著13世紀創作的拜占庭風格馬賽克，這是在文藝復興之前很久的事情了。

These vivid scenes bringing countless Bible stories to life, inspired the medieval faithful.

這些生動的場景將無數聖經故事變成了現實，啟發了中世紀的信徒。

Jesus sits at the center of it all, overlooking creation.

耶穌坐在一切的中心，俯瞰著被造物。

On Judgment Day, he gives the ultimate thumbs up and thumbs down.

在審判日，他將給出最終的讚許或否定。

On his right, angel Gabriel blows his trumpet, bringing good news to the saved.

在他右邊，天使加百列吹響號角，為得救的人們帶來好消息。

And on the thumbs down, well, you don't want to go there.

而在被否定的一邊，嗯，你絕對不想去那裡。

Some say the renaissance began in 1401 over the excitement caused by a city wide competition to design and build new doors for the baptistery.

有人說，文藝復興始於1401年，當時一場全市範圍的比賽，旨在設計和建造八角形禮拜堂的新門，引起了人們的興奮。