字幕列表 影片播放 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 I'm a savant, 我有學者症候群(一種認知障礙), I'm a savant, or more precisely, 更確切地說 or more precisely, a high-functioning 我是具超智商的 a high-functioning autistic savant. 自閉症認知障礙者。 autistic savant. It's a rare condition. 有學者症的人是很稀少的。 It's a rare condition. And rarer still when accompanied, 而我的情況更是罕見, And rarer still when accompanied, as in my case, 因為我還具有 as in my case, by self-awareness 自我認知和 by self-awareness and a mastery of language. 能掌握語言的能力。 and a mastery of language. Very often when I meet someone 常常當很多人與我初次相遇, Very often when I meet someone and they learn this about me 當他們知道我的行情時, and they learn this about me there's a certain kind of awkwardness. 場面就會變得有些尷尬。 there's a certain kind of awkwardness. I can see it in their eyes. 我從他們的眼神中可讀到 I can see it in their eyes. They want to ask me something. 他們有問題要問我。 They want to ask me something. And in the end, quite often, 通常到最後 And in the end, quite often, the urge is stronger than they are 他們不法再忍耐下去, the urge is stronger than they are and they blurt it out: 於是就會脫口而出的問到: and they blurt it out: "If I give you my date of birth, 「假如我告訴你--我的出生日期, "If I give you my date of birth, can you tell me what day of the week I was born on?" 你能告訴我--我是星期幾出生的嗎?」 can you tell me what day of the week I was born on?" (Laughter) (笑) (Laughter) Or they mention cube roots 或者跟我討論數學立方根, Or they mention cube roots or ask me to recite a long number or long text. 或要求我背誦很長的數字或文章。 or ask me to recite a long number or long text. I hope you'll forgive me 我希望你們能原諒我, I hope you'll forgive me if I don't perform 如果我今天沒有表演 if I don't perform a kind of one-man savant show for you today. 這種學者症獨角戲給你們欣賞。 a kind of one-man savant show for you today. I'm going to talk instead 我將要談 I'm going to talk instead about something 的話題是比 about something far more interesting 出生年月日 far more interesting than dates of birth or cube roots -- 或立方根更有趣-- than dates of birth or cube roots -- a little deeper 帶你們更深入更接近我的內在世界; a little deeper and a lot closer, to my mind, than work. 而不是只看我超智商的表面相。 and a lot closer, to my mind, than work. I want to talk to you briefly 我想和你們簡短的談談 I want to talk to you briefly about perception. 什麼是認知。 about perception. When he was writing the plays and the short stories 安東契訶夫是以他寫的戲劇和 When he was writing the plays and the short stories that would make his name, 短篇小說而聞名, that would make his name, Anton Chekhov kept a notebook 他總是在隨身 Anton Chekhov kept a notebook in which he noted down 攜帶的筆記本中 in which he noted down his observations 記下所觀察到的 his observations of the world around him -- 周遭世界-- of the world around him -- little details 一些其他人 little details that other people seem to miss. 似乎沒注意到的小細節。 that other people seem to miss. Every time I read Chekhov 每次當我讀到契訶夫的書, Every time I read Chekhov and his unique vision of human life, 與他的獨特眼光來品味人生, and his unique vision of human life, I'm reminded of why I too 就再次提醒我自己這也是 I'm reminded of why I too became a writer. 為什麼我也成了一名作家的原因。 became a writer. In my books, 在我的書中, In my books, I explore the nature of perception 我探索認知的本質, I explore the nature of perception and how different kinds of perceiving 經由各種不同類型的察覺 and how different kinds of perceiving create different kinds of knowing 進而創造不同的知識 create different kinds of knowing and understanding. 和理解。 and understanding. Here are three questions 我準備了三個問題 Here are three questions drawn from my work. 告訴您們我的世界, drawn from my work. Rather than try to figure them out, 與其要你們試著去解答, Rather than try to figure them out, I'm going to ask you to consider for a moment 我要你們考慮片刻,利用你們的 I'm going to ask you to consider for a moment the intuitions 立即直覺 the intuitions and the gut instincts 和本能的反應, and the gut instincts that are going through your head and your heart 就是那種當一入眼簾後,通過你的頭跟心(身體) that are going through your head and your heart as you look at them. 之後的直覺來回答問題。 as you look at them. For example, the calculation. 舉例來說,這個計算題, For example, the calculation. Can you feel where on the number line 是否你可以大約推測出它 Can you feel where on the number line the solution is likely to fall? 最可能的數字? the solution is likely to fall? Or look at the foreign word and the sounds. 或是看到這些外國語或聽到它的發音。 Or look at the foreign word and the sounds. Can you get a sense of the range of meanings 你能感覺到它們所要表達出 Can you get a sense of the range of meanings that it's pointing you towards? 的意義嗎? that it's pointing you towards? And in terms of the line of poetry, 在這首詩的章節中, And in terms of the line of poetry, why does the poet use the word hare 為什麼詩人用「野兔」 why does the poet use the word hare rather than rabbit? 而不用「兔子」這個詞呢? rather than rabbit? I'm asking you to do this 我要求你們這樣做, I'm asking you to do this because I believe our personal perceptions, you see, 是因為我認為我們個人對事物的認知 because I believe our personal perceptions, you see, are at the heart 是我們如何獲取 are at the heart of how we acquire knowledge. 知識的主要方式。 of how we acquire knowledge. Aesthetic judgments, 用對感觀上的感受(審美觀), Aesthetic judgments, rather than abstract reasoning, 取代依靠抽象推理, rather than abstract reasoning, guide and shape the process 引導和塑造的過程來 guide and shape the process by which we all come to know 認識學習知識。然後 by which we all come to know what we know. 瞭解事務。 what we know. I'm an extreme example of this. 而我個人就是一個極佳的例子。 I'm an extreme example of this. My worlds of words and numbers 在我的世界裡,文字和數字 My worlds of words and numbers blur with color, emotion 是混雜帶有顏色,有情感 blur with color, emotion and personality. 和個性的。 and personality. As Juan said, 就像關(Juan)所說的 As Juan said, it's the condition that scientists call synesthesia, 是科學家們稱之的「聯覺」症狀, it's the condition that scientists call synesthesia, an unusual cross-talk 也就是一種感覺和另一種感覺之間 an unusual cross-talk between the senses. 不尋常的交際。 between the senses. Here are the numbers one to 12 這是數字1至12的圖, Here are the numbers one to 12 as I see them -- 但我看它們是-- as I see them -- every number with its own shape and character. 每一個數字有專屬的形狀和特色。 every number with its own shape and character. One is a flash of white light. 1是閃爍的白光。 One is a flash of white light. Six is a tiny and very sad black hole. 6是一個憂傷微小的黑洞。 Six is a tiny and very sad black hole. The sketches are in black and white here, 呈現你們眼前的這圖只有黑色和白色, The sketches are in black and white here, but in my mind they have colors. 但在我心中,他們有顏色。 but in my mind they have colors. Three is green. 3是綠色。 Three is green. Four is blue. 4是藍色的。 Four is blue. Five is yellow. 5是黃色的。 Five is yellow. I paint as well. 我也畫畫。 I paint as well. And here is one of my paintings. 這是我的其中一個作品。 And here is one of my paintings. It's a multiplication of two prime numbers. 顯示兩個質數的乘法。 It's a multiplication of two prime numbers. Three-dimensional shapes 呈三次空間的形狀, Three-dimensional shapes and the space they create in the middle 而在兩個質數中間的空間中有 and the space they create in the middle creates a new shape, 另一個新的形狀, creates a new shape, the answer to the sum. 也就是解答。 the answer to the sum. What about bigger numbers? 那麼如果是較大的數字呢? What about bigger numbers? Well you can't get much bigger than Pi, 沒有任何數字比Pi(π,圓周率)更無限, Well you can't get much bigger than Pi, the mathematical constant. π是數學常數。 the mathematical constant. It's an infinite number -- 是一個無限的數字-- It's an infinite number -- literally goes on forever. 理論上是永無止境的延伸。 literally goes on forever. In this painting that I made 在此畫中我畫出的π是 In this painting that I made of the first 20 decimals of Pi, 直到小數點後的第20位為止, of the first 20 decimals of Pi, I take the colors 我用了許多色彩, I take the colors and the emotions and the textures 情緒和質感 and the emotions and the textures and I pull them all together 一同來顯現出一種 and I pull them all together into a kind of rolling numerical landscape. 滾動的數字景觀。 into a kind of rolling numerical landscape. But it's not only numbers that I see in colors. 對我而言,不是只有數字具有顏色。 But it's not only numbers that I see in colors. Words too, for me, 對我來說,字也一樣 Words too, for me, have colors and emotions 有顏色,情感 have colors and emotions and textures. 和質感紋路。 and textures. And this is an opening phrase 納博科夫知名小說 And this is an opening phrase from the novel "Lolita." 「洛麗塔」的開場白。 from the novel "Lolita." And Nabokov was himself synesthetic. 大量利用聯感詞(用某種感覺的字眼表達另一種感覺)。 And Nabokov was himself synesthetic. And you can see here 你可以看到, And you can see here how my perception of the sound L 在這裡因我對 L發音的感覺 how my perception of the sound L helps the alliteration 有助於我瞭解 helps the alliteration to jump right out. 句中的字頭押韻, to jump right out. Another example: 另一例子: Another example: a little bit more mathematical. 牽扯到一點數學。 a little bit more mathematical. And I wonder if some of you will notice 我很好奇想知道是否在此有些人 And I wonder if some of you will notice the construction of the sentence 會注意到「大亨小傳」 the construction of the sentence from "The Great Gatsby." 中句法的結構? from "The Great Gatsby." There is a procession of syllables -- 一連串有組織的音節---- There is a procession of syllables -- wheat, one; 麥,1個音節; wheat, one; prairies, two; 草原,2個音節; prairies, two; lost Swede towns, three -- 失城記(消失的瑞典城鎮),3個音節-- lost Swede towns, three -- one, two, three. 1,2,3。 one, two, three. And this effect is very pleasant on the mind, 很有節奏,讀起來心情非常愉快, And this effect is very pleasant on the mind, and it helps the sentence 所以句子 and it helps the sentence to feel right. 很通暢恰好。 to feel right. Let's go back to the questions 讓我們回到我 Let's go back to the questions I posed you a moment ago. 剛才提出的問題上。 I posed you a moment ago. 64 multiplied by 75. 64乘以75。 64 multiplied by 75. If some of you play chess, 如果你下國際象棋, If some of you play chess, you'll know that 64 你就會知道, you'll know that 64 is a square number, 64是一個平方數, is a square number, and that's why chessboards, 這就是為什麼棋盤, and that's why chessboards, eight by eight, 八乘八, eight by eight, have 64 squares. 有64個方格。 have 64 squares. So that gives us a form 這給了我們一個 So that gives us a form that we can picture, that we can perceive. 們可以想像的模型, that we can picture, that we can perceive. What about 75? 那75呢? What about 75? Well if 100, 就用100來想像, Well if 100, if we think of 100 as being like a square, 如果我們認為100是廣場, if we think of 100 as being like a square, 75 would look like this. 75就是這樣的的大小。 75 would look like this. So what we need to do now 所以我們現在 So what we need to do now is put those two pictures 只要把那兩張照片 is put those two pictures together in our mind -- 在我們的腦海中併在一起 -- together in our mind -- something like this. 像這樣。 something like this. 64 becomes 6,400. 64變為6400。 64 becomes 6,400. And in the right-hand corner, 而在右下角, And in the right-hand corner, you don't have to calculate anything. 你不須要計算。 you don't have to calculate anything. Four across, four up and down -- 4個格子,上下四個格子-- Four across, four up and down -- it's 16. 所以是16。 it's 16. So what the sum is actually asking you to do 那麼真正須要計算的總和 So what the sum is actually asking you to do is 16, 是16, is 16, 16, 16. 16,16(3個16)。 16, 16. That's a lot easier 很簡單吧! That's a lot easier than the school taught you to do math, I'm sure. 我相信比學校教的計算方法容易多了。 than the school taught you to do math, I'm sure. It's 16, 16, 16, 48, 那16,16,16,48(3個16), It's 16, 16, 16, 48, 4,800 -- 4800(48x100) 4,800 -- 4,000, -- 4800, 4,000, the answer to the sum. 就是正確答案。 the answer to the sum. Easy when you know how. 當你知道方法就很簡單! Easy when you know how.