Name: 如果每個國家都負債，那債務是誰的？ (If Every Country Is in Debt - Who Owns The Debt?)
Uploaded: 2025-11-17T18:11:08.000Z
Duration: 18 min 38 s

過去簡單式

現在進行式

而且每天都在增加 1150 億美元。

Not a year, not a week, but literally a day.

不是一年，不是一週，而是真的每一天。

That's about $20 trillion just in the last six months alone.

僅在過去六個月，就大約有 20 兆美元。

The United States, China, Germany, you name it.

And we have reached to a point where the global debt is growing much faster than the size of the global economy.

我們已經走到一個全球債務成長速度遠遠超過全球經濟規模的地步了。

As of 2025, the global GDP is about $114 trillion, which means that the global debt is three times larger than the size of the global economy.

截至 2025 年，全球 GDP 約為 114 兆美元，這意味著全球債務是全球經濟規模的三倍。

The average interest rate on the global debt is 5 to 7%.

全球債務的平均利率是 5% 到 7%。

The global GDP grows by about 3%, which means that the global debt is growing twice faster than the size of the global economy.

全球 GDP 大約成長 3%，這意味著全球債務的成長速度是全球經濟規模的兩倍。

Mathematically, this debt can never be paid off.

從數學上來說，這些債務永遠不可能還清。

You don't have to be a genius to understand that this is going to lead to a financial catastrophe.

你不需要是個天才就能明白，這將會導致一場金融災難。

So if there is so much debt in the world, who do we owe all this debt to?

所以，如果世界上有這麼多債務，我們欠這些債務是欠給誰的呢？

Who is the puppet master behind all of this?

And how did we end up in a situation when there is far more debt in the world than the amount of money that exists?

我們是怎麼走到這一步的，世界上債務的總額竟然比存在的金錢總額還要多？

We will answer all of these questions and many more.

我們會回答所有這些問題，還有更多。

So if you're ready, give this video a thumbs up and let's get right into it.

所以，如果你準備好了，請幫這個影片按個讚，我們就直接開始吧。

AI is transforming almost every aspect of our lives from how we browse the Internet to how we invest our money.

AI 正在改變我們生活的幾乎所有方面，從我們瀏覽網路的方式到我們投資金錢的方式。

But the biggest shift is happening in the financial industry.

但最大的轉變正在金融產業發生。

The more accurate your valuations are, the better investing decisions you are going to make.

估值越精準，你做的投資決策就會越好。

And that's why mumu, the sponsor of today's video, has a built in AI assistant that provides you real time brokerage data.

這也是為什麼我們今天的贊助商 mumu，內建了 AI 助理，能提供你即時的經紀數據。

It uses a large language model combined with mumu's rich financial data, news and community discussions to help traders to make faster, better and more informed decisions.

它結合了大型語言模型，以及 mumu 豐富的金融數據、新聞和社群討論，幫助交易者做出更快、更好、更明智的決策。

It can summarize complex information from earlier earnings reports, analyze market trends and provide stock insights.

它可以總結過去財報的複雜資訊、分析市場趨勢，並提供股票洞察。

It's fully integrated into mumu's trading tools and built specifically for traders and investors.

它完全整合在 mumu 的交易工具中，專為交易者和投資者打造。

Momo is backed by Futu Holdings, a company that is listed on the NASDAQ and trusted by over 28 million users all across the globe from United States to Canada, Australia, Singapore, Japan and Malaysia.

Momo 由富途控股支持，這家公司在 NASDAQ 上市，並受到全球超過 2800 萬用戶的信賴，遍及美國、加拿大、澳洲、新加坡、日本和馬來西亞。

There is zero dollar commission fee on stocks options ETFs, zero doll track fee on equity options, free level 2 data, real time option chains and advanced order types for traders who want full control for a limited time.

股票、選擇權、ETF 零元手續費，權益選擇權零元交易費，免費的 Level 2 數據，即時選擇權鏈，以及為追求完全掌控的交易者提供的進階訂單類型，限時優惠。

As a thank you note, you can get up to $1,000 worth of Nvidia stocks.

作為感謝，你可以獲得價值高達 1,000 美元的輝達股票。

If you sign up and make a deposit using the link below.

只要透過下方連結註冊並存款。

This is how the global debt actually looks like.

At first glance it looks like a complicated system, but

乍看之下，這好像是一個很複雜的系統，但

it's actually much easier and much simpler than you think.

事實上，它比你想像的還要簡單、還要容易。

A debt is an asset for some people and a liability for another.

債務對某些人來說是資產，對另一些人來說則是負債。

If you are the lender who is sitting on some spare cash, on some spare money, you can loan that money, that money generates interest.

如果你是手上有閒錢、有閒餘資金的貸方，你可以把錢借出去，這筆錢會產生利息。

所以，對你來說，債務就是一種資產。

But for someone else who borrows that money, a debt is a liability because he has to pay that interest.

但對借錢的其他人來說，債務就是一種負債，因為他必須支付這些利息。

Maybe you have taken that money to buy yourself a car.

Maybe you have taken that car to get yourself a house and you have to pay interest for the next 30 years.

也許你拿這筆錢買了房子，而且未來 30 年你都得支付利息。

所以對你來說，這就是一種負債。

The way it actually creates that debt is by creating a Treasury that is being sold to the banks.

實際上創造債務的方式是發行國庫券，然後賣給銀行。

These are commercial banks, JP Morgan Chase, Citi, you name it.

這些是商業銀行，像是摩根大通、花旗等等。

And in exchange, they will offer the United States a loan.

作為交換，他們會借錢給美國。

These banks are motivated to buy these Treasuries, first of all because they will receive interest from the US Government.

這些銀行之所以會買這些國庫券，首先是因為他們能從美國政府那裡收到利息。

But secondly, which is most importantly, they know for a fact that the Federal Reserve is going to buy these Treasuries from them.

但更重要的是，他們確切知道聯準會會從他們手中買走這些國庫券。

And they will make a profit by selling them to the Federal Reserve.

他們會透過賣給聯準會來獲利。

So it seems like the real puppet master is the Federal Reserve.

所以看起來，真正的幕後黑手是聯準會。

The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States that has the authority to create US Dollars out of thin air.

聯準會是美國的中央銀行，有權憑空創造美元。

So most of the Treasuries will end up in the hands of the Federal Reserve.

所以大部分的國庫券最終都會落入聯準會手中。

And now the interest that the US Government will pay on these Treasuries will into the hands of the Federal Reserve.

而現在美國政府將支付給這些國庫券的利息，最終將進入聯準會手中。

So the Fed created the dollars and now the Fed is receiving interest from the US Government.

所以聯準會創造了美元，現在聯準會正從美國政府那裡收取利息。

It seems like the perfect puppet master evil that controls the United States.

這看起來就像是控制美國的完美幕後操縱者。

However, if you dig into the numbers, you realize that all the extra interest that the Federal Reserve generates from the US Government bonds, it pays it back to the US Government.

然而，如果你仔細研究數字，你會發現聯準會從美國政府債券產生的所有額外利息，都會還給美國政府。

It's basically a system for the US Government to legally create money out of thin air.

這基本上是一個美國政府合法憑空創造金錢的系統。

The only reason that the Fed cannot directly buy Treasuries from the US Government is to prevent the US Government to abuse the power by overborrowing.

聯準會不能直接從美國政府購買國庫券的唯一原因是，為了防止美國政府濫用權力過度借貸。

But they have mastered this system in such a way where the US Government can simply create Treasuries and the banks will buy them for a fact, knowing that the Fed is going to buy them from them anyways.

但他們已經精通這個系統，美國政府可以簡單地發行國庫券，銀行們肯定會買下，因為他們知道聯準會最終還是會從他們手中買走。

Any American can buy the Treasuries from the open market and receive interest from the US Government.

任何美國人都可以從公開市場購買國庫券，並從美國政府那裡獲得利息。

It says that whoever owns this piece of paper, the US Government will pay the interest.

上面寫著，誰持有這張紙，美國政府就會支付利息。

So if I have some extra money, I can buy it and receive interest.

所以如果我有多餘的錢，我可以買它來賺取利息。

U.S. businesses, U.S. companies, mutual funds can also buy them and they will receive interest.

美國的企業、美國的公司、共同基金也可以買，他們也會收到利息。

And that's why, for example, Warren Buffett is sitting on almost $400 billion worth of cash.

這就是為什麼，舉個例子，華倫·巴菲特手邊有將近 4000 億美元的現金。

These are almost $400 billion worth of U.S. treasuries.

這是將近 4000 億美元的美國國庫券。

And that's why Warren Buffett this year will receive almost $14 billion in cash from the U.S. government.

這就是為什麼華倫·巴菲特今年將從美國政府那裡收到將近 140 億美元的現金。

Last year, Berkshire made about 16 or $17 billion.

去年，波克夏公司賺了大概 160 億或 170 億美元。

When you pay Social Security taxes or the payroll tax in order to receive Social Security benefits, old the Social Security system or the trust fund, if it's going to have some extra money generated from the taxpayer's money, it will invest it.

當你繳納社會安全稅或薪資稅以領取社會安全福利時，社會安全系統或信託基金，如果能從納稅人的錢中產生額外收入，就會進行投資。

It can't invest it in the stock market because these are the pensions.

它不能投資股市，因為這些是終身俸。

They need to be able to turn that money into cash whenever they wanted to be able to pay the Social Security benefits.

他們需要能夠隨時將這筆錢變現，以便支付社會安全福利。

So the Social Security trust fund only invest in the US Treasuries and will generate and receive interest from the US Government for holding those Treasuries.

所以社會安全信託基金只投資美國國庫券，並從美國政府那裡獲得持有這些國庫券的利息。

This is how the vast majority of the debt in the system is created.

這就是系統中絕大部分債務的產生方式。

The second part is that the banks don't just make money by loaning money to the government.

第二點是，銀行不僅僅是透過貸款給政府來賺錢。

他們會貸款給像你一樣的個人。

You can go to the bank and get a mortgage to buy a house.

你可以去銀行辦理房屋貸款來買房子。

And now for the next 30 years, you will pay a mortgage because you purchased that house.

然後接下來的 30 年，你都會因為買了這間房子而支付房貸。

And that interest will go into the hands of the bank.

而這些利息就會進到銀行的口袋裡。

You might take that money and you might go and get yourself a brand new iPhone.

你可能會拿這筆錢去買一支全新的 iPhone。

That money will end up in the hands of Apple.

這筆錢最後就會進到 Apple 的手上。

Or maybe you're going to get that money and buy a car.

或者你可能會拿這筆錢去買一臺車。

That money will end up in the hands of the dealer, that dealer, that Apple or that person that received that money from you.

這筆錢最後會進到經銷商、Apple，或是收到你這筆錢的那個人的手上。

They won't be sitting on hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of cash or millions of dollars worth of cash.

他們不會坐擁數十萬或數百萬美元的現金。

That money, one way or another will end up in another bank.

這筆錢，無論如何都會進到另一家銀行。

So they're going to go to the bank and deposit it in the bank.

所以他們會去銀行把錢存進去。

Now Banks have more money so they can create more loans and generate more interest.

現在銀行有更多錢，所以他們可以創造更多貸款並產生更多利息。

The people who receive that money will deposit it back in the banks.

收到錢的人會再把錢存回銀行。

So it's a never ending cycle where the exact same amount of money just circulates.

所以這是一個永無止境的循環，同樣的錢就這樣在流通。

And that's why we have far more debts than the amount of money that exists in the economy.

這就是為什麼我們的債務遠遠超過經濟中存在的金錢總額。

But all other systems across the globe work pretty similarly to the United States.

但全球所有其他系統的運作方式都和美國 pretty 相似。

英國有價值 3.8 兆美元的債務。

But instead of US treasuries, they call them gilts.

但他們不叫美國國債，而是叫金邊債券。

They create the gilts and sell them to the commercial banks.

他們發行金邊債券並賣給商業銀行。

字幕列表影片播放

如果每個國家都負債，那債務是誰的？ (If Every Country Is in Debt - Who Owns The Debt?)

entire

multiple

basically

average