Name: 集線器、交換機和路由器詳解 - 有什麼區別？ (Hub, Switch, & Router Explained - What's the difference?)
Uploaded: 2025-08-12T03:18:56.000Z
Duration: 7 min 22 s

In this video we're going to talk about the difference between a hub, a switch, and a router.

在本視頻中，我們將討論集線器、交換機和路由器之間的區別。

Now all three of these devices are similar but there is a difference in the way they handle data.

現在，這三種設備都很相似，但它們處理數據的方式有所不同。

Now the purpose of a hub is to connect all of your network devices together on an internal network.

集線器的作用是將內部網絡中的所有網絡設備連接在一起。

It's a device that has multiple ports, that accepts ethernet connections from network devices.

它是一種有多個端口的設備，可接受來自網絡設備的以太網連接。

Now a hub is considered not to be intelligent because it does not filter any data or has any intelligence as to where the data is supposed to be sent.

現在，集線器被認為是不智能的，因為它不過濾任何數據，也不知道數據應該發送到哪裡。

And that's because the only thing a hub knows is when a device is connected to one of its ports.

這是因為集線器只知道設備連接到了它的某個端口。

So when a data packet arrives at one of the ports it is copied to all of the other ports.

是以，當一個數據包到達其中一個端口時，它就會被複制到其他所有端口。

So all the devices on that hub sees that data packet.

是以，集線器上的所有設備都能看到該數據包。

So again a data packet comes into one port then the hub will just rebroadcast that data to every port that has a device connected to it.

是以，如果一個數據包進入一個端口，集線器就會將該數據轉播到有設備連接的每個端口。

So even if this computer here only wanted to communicate with this computer over here, these other computers would still receive the data even though the data was not intended for them.

是以，即使這臺計算機只想與這邊的這臺計算機通信，其他計算機也會收到數據，儘管這些數據並不是為它們準備的。

So when this happens it not only creates security concerns but it also creates unnecessary traffic on the network which wastes bandwidth.

是以，一旦出現這種情況，不僅會產生安全問題，還會在網絡上產生不必要的流量，浪費帶寬。

現在，交換機與集線器非常相似。

It's also a device that has multiple ports that accepts ethernet connections from network devices.

它也是一種擁有多個端口的設備，可接受來自網絡設備的以太網連接。

But unlike a hub, a switch is intelligent.

但與集線器不同的是，交換機是智能的。

A switch can actually learn the physical addresses of the devices that are connected to it.

交換機實際上可以學習與其連接的設備的物理地址。

And it stores these physical addresses called MAC addresses in its table.

它將這些稱為 MAC 地址的物理地址存儲在表中。

So when a data packet is sent to a switch it's only directed to the intended destination port.

是以，當數據包發送到交換機時，它只會定向到預定的目標端口。

Unlike a hub where a hub would just broadcast the data to every port.

與集線器不同，集線器只會向每個端口廣播數據。

So as an example if this computer here wanted to communicate with this computer over here, the data packet arrives at the switch and then the switch will look at its table of MAC addresses and matching ports and deliver the data to the correct port.

例如，如果這臺電腦想與這邊的電腦通信，數據包到達交換機後，交換機會查看其 MAC 地址表和匹配端口，然後將數據傳送到正確的端口。

And then the data packet would only go to that computer.

然後，數據包將只發送到那臺計算機。

So that's the major difference between a hub and a switch.

這就是集線器和交換機的主要區別。

So as a result switches are far more preferred over hubs because they reduce any unnecessary traffic on the network.

是以，交換機比集線器更受歡迎，因為它們能減少網絡上不必要的流量。

So as a review, a hub only detects that a device is physically connected to it.

是以，綜上所述，集線器只能檢測設備是否與之物理連接。

And a switch can detect specific devices that are connected to it because it keeps a record of the MAC addresses of those devices.

交換機可以檢測到連接到它的特定設備，因為它會保存這些設備的 MAC 地址記錄。

Now hubs and switches are used to exchange data within a local area network.

現在，集線器和交換機用於在局域網內交換數據。

For example such as in your home network or in a business.

They are not used to exchange data outside their own network such as out on the internet.

它們不用於在自身網絡之外（如互聯網）交換數據。

Because to exchange or route data outside their own network to another network, such as out on the internet, a device needs to be able to read IP addresses.

因為要在自己的網絡之外與另一個網絡（如互聯網）交換或路由數據，設備需要能夠讀取 IP 地址。

And hubs and switches do not read IP addresses.

集線器和交換機無法讀取 IP 地址。

Now a router does exactly what its name implies.

現在，路由器的功能和它的名字一模一樣。

A router is a device that routes or forwards data from one to another based on their IP address.

路由器是一種根據 IP 地址路由或轉發數據的設備。

When a data packet is received from the router, the router inspects the data's IP address and determines if the packet was meant for its own network or if it's meant for another network.

當路由器接收到數據包時，路由器會檢查數據的 IP 地址，並確定數據包是要發送到自己的網絡，還是要發送到其他網絡。

If the router determines that the data packet is meant for its own network, it receives it.

如果路由器確定數據包是發送給自己的網絡，它就會接收。

But if it's not meant for its own network, it sends it off to another network.

但如果它不屬於自己的網絡，它就會將其發送到另一個網絡。

So a router is essentially the gateway of a network.

是以，路由器本質上就是網絡的網關。

So here we have a private network with its router and we'll refer to this as the red network indicated by the red colored screens on the computers.

是以，我們這裡有一個帶有路由器的專用網絡，我們將其稱為紅色網絡，電腦上的紅色螢幕就是紅色網絡的標誌。

And over here you're going to have different data packets indicated by their different colors which represents different IP addresses.

這裡有不同的數據包，用不同的顏色表示，代表不同的 IP 地址。

And they are going to be entering the red network's router from the internet.

它們將從互聯網進入紅色網絡的路由器。

Now the router is only going to accept the red data packets because they are the only ones that are intended for this network.

現在，路由器只接受紅色數據包，因為只有這些數據包才是該網絡的目標數據包。

So all of the other data packets, the yellows, blues, greens, etc., will be rejected by this router because they were not intended for this network because their IP addresses were not meant for this network.

是以，所有其他數據包，如黃色、藍色、綠色等，都會被路由器拒絕，因為它們的 IP 地址不是為這個網絡準備的。

Now here is an expanded view of routers over the internet.

現在，我們來擴展一下互聯網路由器的視野。

There are four networks here indicated by their different colors and each network has their own router along with their hubs or switches and their computers.

這裡有四個網絡，用不同的顏色表示，每個網絡都有自己的路由器、集線器或交換機以及電腦。

So right now as you can see each network is just exchanging information within their own network.

是以，如你所見，現在每個網絡只是在自己的網絡內交換資訊。

Their data is not going out on the internet so they are not communicating with other networks.

它們的數據不在互聯網上傳播，是以不會與其他網絡通信。

They are just exchanging data within their own network using their hub or switch.

他們只是利用集線器或交換機在自己的網絡內交換數據。

Now let's go ahead and exchange data between different networks.

現在，讓我們繼續在不同網絡之間交換數據。

So let's say for example that this computer here on the red network wants to communicate with the computer here on the blue network.

比如說，紅色網絡中的這臺電腦想與藍色網絡中的電腦進行通信。

So for this to happen a data packet has to leave their own network and go out on the internet.

是以，要實現這一點，數據包必須離開自己的網絡，進入互聯網。

So the computer sends their data and it goes to the network's router.

是以，計算機發送數據後，數據就會進入網絡的路由器。

And once the data packet reaches the router, the router will look at the IP address of the data packet and then forward the data out on the internet to the next router.

數據包到達路由器後，路由器會查看數據包的 IP 地址，然後將數據在互聯網上轉發給下一個路由器。

And then make its way to the blue network's router and then to the intended destination computer.

然後將其傳輸到藍色網絡的路由器，再傳輸到目標計算機。

So in a nutshell this is how routers work.

簡而言之，這就是路由器的工作原理。

So in conclusion hubs and switches are used to create networks while routers are used to connect networks. you

總之，集線器和交換機用於創建網絡，而路由器用於連接網絡。