Name: Illustrator 教程 - 創建並組合形狀 (Illustrator Tutorial - Create and combine shapes)
Uploaded: 2025-08-04T18:38:44.000Z
Duration: 12 min 48 s

基礎被動語態

Compound paths are used when you want to cut a hole in something.

Think about the letter O, that normally starts out when you're designing a font as two shapes, one larger ellipse with another smaller ellipse inside of it, and then the smaller ellipse is punched out of the larger one, creating a hole.

想一想字母 O，在設計字體時，它通常一開始是兩個形狀，一個較大的橢圓，裡面有另一個較小的橢圓，然後將較小的橢圓從較大的橢圓中打出來，形成一個洞。

轉承詞

Rather than talking about it though, let's try it right now with the two squares that we have here.

與其討論這個問題，不如讓我們現在就用這兩個正方形來試試。

Now I want you to just make a quick mental note of their fill, because that's going to change when we make the compound path, and we can do that either by using the shortcut CMD 8 or CTRL 8, or going into the Object menu, choosing Compound Path and Make.

現在，我希望大家在腦海中快速記下它們的填充，因為當我們製作複合路徑時，填充會發生變化，我們可以使用快捷鍵 CMD 8 或 CTRL 8，或者進入對象菜單，選擇複合路徑並製作。

You can see that when we've done that, we do have the hole from where the two were intersecting, and the background color, or the color of the object in the background to be more accurate, is the one that's been passed to the compound path.

你可以看到，當我們這樣做的時候，我們確實從兩者相交的地方得到了一個洞，而背景顏色，或者更準確地說，背景中物體的顏色，就是傳遞給複合路徑的顏色。

Now that means that both things will now change, whatever color we choose for these, that will change like so.

現在，這意味著這兩樣東西都會發生變化，無論我們為這些東西選擇什麼顏色，都會發生這樣的變化。

Let's come across to these targets just here, and what I'd like you to do, and you could probably do this best by dragging, is drag across the magenta, the yellow, and the cyan path there like so.

讓我們來看看這裡的這些目標，我想讓你做的是拖動洋紅色、黃色和青色路徑，這樣做可能效果最好。

Leave the black circle in the middle be just for the moment.

OK, so we're going to make a compound path again, so Object, Compound Path, and Make.

好了，我們要再次製作複合路徑，所以要選擇 "對象"、"複合路徑 "和 "製作"。

And you can see now it has punched out a hole based on the shape in the middle.

現在你可以看到，它已經根據中間的形狀打出了一個孔。

Let's select all four shapes in the target below, and we'll do that again.

讓我們選中下面目標中的所有四個形狀，然後再做一次。

This time let's use the shortcut CMD 8 or CTRL 8, and you'll see something very different has happened.

這一次，讓我們使用快捷鍵 CMD 8 或 CTRL 8，你會發現發生了非常不同的事情。

Now you don't need to worry too much about the technicalities of this, but I'll show you how it actually can be made to work.

現在，你不必過於擔心其中的技術性問題，但我會向你展示如何讓它真正發揮作用。

Let's go to the Window menu, and come down and find the Attributes panel, and open that up.

進入 "窗口 "菜單，找到 "屬性 "面板，打開它。

Now we'll need to see the options for this, so you can either click the small disclosure triangle next to the word Attributes, or you can go to the fly out and choose Show Options.

現在，我們需要查看相關選項，是以可以單擊 "屬性 "旁邊的小三角形，或者轉到 "飛出"，選擇 "顯示選項"。

And this is what we're going to switch over to.

At the moment we're using the fabulously named non-zero winding fill rule for this shape, but if we turn on the even odd fill rule, then we suddenly get that shape punched out, because we have even, odd, even, odd, and hopefully that makes sense to you.

目前，我們對這個形狀使用的是名為 "非零纏繞 "的填充規則，但如果我們打開 "偶數奇數 "填充規則，這個形狀就會突然被打孔出來，因為我們有偶數、奇數、偶數、奇數，希望這對你有意義。

So if you're getting a result that isn't exactly what you were expecting, then perhaps try that to see if it resolves it.

是以，如果您得到的結果與您期望的不完全一樣，那麼也許可以試試看是否能解決這個問題。

Now let's contrast a compound path with a compound shape.

現在我們來對比一下複合路徑和複合形狀。

Let's select the two squares at the top right here, and what we're going to do first is use one of the shapes mode pathfinders.

讓我們選擇右上角的兩個正方形，首先要做的是使用其中一個形狀模式路徑指示器。

You'll see them here in the Properties panel.

你可以在 "屬性 "面板中看到它們。

We're going to use this one first of all.

We're just going to click it, and you'll see the two things are joined together, and they take on the color of the topmost object.

我們只需點擊一下，你就會看到這兩個東西連接在一起，並且它們的顏色與最上面的物體相同。

Select the two squares beneath that, and this time we're going to click the button again, but we're going to hold down the Alt or Option key when we do it, which will generate us a compound shape.

選擇下方的兩個正方形，這次我們要再次點擊按鈕，但要按住 Alt 或 Option 鍵，這樣就會生成一個複合形狀。

So the difference here is that while the visual result is identical to the one above, there's still actually two separate shapes.

是以，這裡的不同之處在於，雖然視覺效果與上面的相同，但實際上仍有兩個獨立的形狀。

If we go ahead and get our Group Selection tool, which lives under the Direct Selection tool, and click one of the shapes, you can see we can move it around, and it just moves and changes the result of the compound shape.

如果我們繼續使用直接選擇工具下的群組選擇工具，然後單擊其中一個形狀，你可以看到我們可以移動它，它只是移動並改變了複合形狀的結果。

So there we are. We have a compound path, we have pathfinder operation, a shapes mode operation, you found out about the non-zero winding rule and the even-odd rule.

這就是了。我們有了複合路徑、尋路器操作、形狀模式操作，你還發現了非零纏繞規則和偶偶數規則。

What I'd like you to do now is to have a look at the two squares here before you join them together using either the compound path or the compound shape, and try and predict what the resulting color will be.

現在我想讓你們做的是，在使用複合路徑或複合形狀將這兩個正方形連接起來之前，先看一下這兩個正方形，然後試著預測一下結果會是什麼顏色。

If not, just wind back a little bit and review the options we've done so far.

如果沒有，那就往回走一點，回顧一下我們目前所做的選擇。

We're going to explore everything the Pathfinder panel has to offer us, and in many ways, because it's the oldest, it is the cornerstone of drawing by construction.

我們將探索 "探路者 "面板為我們提供的一切，從很多方面來說，因為它是最古老的，所以它是結構製圖的基石。

Now, we do have access to the Pathfinder inside of the Properties panel.

現在，我們可以訪問 "屬性 "面板內的 "探路者"。

As soon as you select two or more objects, then the Pathfinder will appear here, but you have an ellipsis to get through to the actual Pathfinders.

只要您選擇兩個或兩個以上的對象，這裡就會出現路徑指示器，但您可以通過省略號進入實際的路徑指示器。

So for this movie, I'm going to go ahead and open up the Pathfinder panel, and then just park that somewhere where it's not too much in the way, and as luck would have it, there is about fine.

是以，在這部影片中，我要繼續打開 "開拓者 "面板，然後把它停在一個不太礙事的地方，幸運的是，那裡還不錯。

So the first one of these is Unite, and if we click, the two shapes are joined together.

其中第一個是 "團結"（Unite），點擊後，兩個圖形就會連接在一起。

Alt or Option clicking on any of the shape modes gives you a compound shape in which it's still editable.

用 Alt 或 Option 單擊任何形狀模式，都可以得到一個複合形狀，在其中仍可進行編輯。

The second option, Minus Front, does pretty much exactly what it says.

第二個選項 "減去前部 "的作用和它說的差不多。

It will knock the front object out of the back object.

它會把前面的物體撞出後面的物體。

So if I just go ahead and click that, there's the result just there.

是以，如果我繼續點擊，結果就在那裡。

It would be the area that is common to both, and Exclude is the opposite.

這將是兩者共有的區域，而 Exclude 則與之相反。

It's the stuff that isn't intersecting that will remain from that one.

沒有交集的東西才會從那個地方留下來。

So those are all pretty straightforward for putting together shapes, but the Pathfinders do something just a little bit deeper.

是以，這些都是非常簡單的拼接形狀，但 "探路者 "做的是更深層次的事情。

So if we had a collection of shapes as we do here, and we actually wanted all of the little bits that made that up, we could use this one, the Divide Pathfinder, and that, like all other Pathfinder results, normally gives us a group, and you can see that is the case by looking at the control strip or top of the Properties panel.

是以，如果我們有一個圖形集合，就像這裡所做的一樣，而我們實際上想要的是組成這些圖形的所有小塊，那麼我們就可以使用這個 "分割探路者"，就像所有其他探路者結果一樣，它通常會為我們提供一個組，你可以通過查看控制條或屬性面板的頂部來了解情況。

So I'm going to ungroup this, and then you'll see if we move things away, we've got all of the shapes that were there.

所以我要取消分組，然後你會看到，如果我們把東西移開，我們就能得到所有的形狀。

So everything that was in that group there, wherever it's intersected or was sitting on its own, has been divided.

是以，那一組裡的所有東西，不管是在哪裡交叉，還是獨立存在，都已經被分割開來。

So if we go ahead and choose Trim, what happens there is it takes away any strokes.

是以，如果我們繼續選擇 "Trim"，那麼會發生什麼呢？

Now, again, it's a group as a result, but it removes anything that's overlapping, and that's a useful one, especially if you're doing things like T-shirt design, where you maybe want just the actual areas and no overlap themselves.

現在，這也是一個組的結果，但它刪除了任何重疊的部分，這一點非常有用，尤其是在設計 T 恤等產品時，你可能只需要實際的區域，而不需要重疊的部分。

Or if you're cutting graphics on something like a cricket, you might want the individual shapes like so.

或者，如果你要在蟋蟀之類的東西上切割圖形，你可能需要這樣的單個形狀。

One I use quite a lot myself because I do a lot of live paint operations is Merge, and what Merge will do is it will merge common colors and cut away others.

我自己也經常使用合併功能，因為我經常進行實時繪製操作，合併功能的作用就是合併常見的顏色，剪切掉其他顏色。

So if we go Merge here, again, the strokes are removed.

是以，如果我們在這裡進行合併，同樣會刪除筆畫。

I'm just going to ungroup that, OK, and then you'll see if I move this one away that that's a separate object to this one, but these two have been joined together.

我現在要取消分組，好的，然後你會看到，如果我把這個移開，它和這個是一個單獨的對象，但這兩個已經連接在一起了。

Crop will pop everything that overlaps into the top object.

裁剪會將重疊的所有內容彈到頂部對象中。

The result is, if you have a look at it here, is looking very much like a clipping mask, although it's actually a done deal.

如果你在這裡看一下，就會發現結果非常像剪切蒙版，不過實際上已經完成了。

There's no additional content there, but that's what's happened.

雖然沒有額外的內容，但事實就是如此。

All of the overlapping areas have been kept, as has the outside.

所有重疊區域都得到了保留，外部也是如此。

Outline, to be honest, I hardly ever, ever use this one, but I'm sure that some people have got a fantastic use for it.

老實說，我幾乎從來沒用過大綱，但我相信有些人一定用得很好。

But if we click it, it's kind of like working with divide here.

但是，如果我們點擊它，就有點像在這裡使用鴻溝。

If I just ungroup this so we can get into the different elements, it gives us all of the component parts, but just as strokes here.

如果我取消分組，這樣我們就可以進入不同的元素，就可以看到所有的組成部分，但這裡只是一筆帶過。

So you can see that we've got them, but they've retained the color of their former fill.

所以你可以看到，我們已經得到了它們，但它們還保留著之前填充的顏色。

A minus back will do the opposite of a couple of the others in which the back shapes will be punched out.

減號背面的做法與其他幾種背面形狀打孔的做法相反。

And the result is just whatever remains of the top shape.

而結果只是頂部形狀的殘留物。

Now, again, that's not one I use terribly often, but I do use crop quite a lot.

同樣，這不是我經常使用的功能，但我確實經常使用裁剪功能。

I use merge quite a lot and divide quite a lot as well.

我經常使用合併功能，也經常使用分割功能。

All of the shapes modes, of course, but you will find in your own work which is useful to you.

當然，所有的形狀模式都有，但你會在自己的作品中找到對你有用的。

但現在你知道他們是幹什麼的了。

You've got that knowledge to be able to make those decisions.

你有了這些知識，才能做出這些決定。

The shape builder tool gives us a very interactive way to draw using construction methods.

形狀構建工具為我們提供了一種非常互動的方式，讓我們使用構建方法進行繪圖。

What we have here, as I'm sure you've guessed already, is an owl constructed from just simple shapes inside of Illustrator.

我相信你已經猜到了，這是一隻由 Illustrator 中的簡單圖形構建而成的貓頭鷹。

And what we're going to do is build this out.

We'll start out with the ear on the left hand side here.

Shift M gets the shape builder and then we need a selection.

Shift M 得到形狀生成器，然後我們需要一個選擇。

是以，讓我們選擇這裡的所有內容。

Command A because it's just a single artboard in this document.

命令 A，因為在本文檔中它只是一個單獨的圖板。

Let's go ahead then and start in the ear and click and drag through.

讓我們從耳朵開始，點擊並拖動。

And you can see the illustrator identifies segments for it as it draws.

你可以看到插圖畫家在繪製過程中為它確定了線段。

We'll go ahead and continue into the next ear like so.

我們將像這樣繼續進入下一個耳朵。

Then let's go ahead and make our way over to the sides here because we need to subtract these ellipses.

然後，讓我們繼續往邊上走，因為我們需要減去這些橢圓。

This is where we hold down the Alt or Option key to click and you'll see they're removed very quickly.

這時我們按住 Alt 或 Option 鍵點擊，你會發現它們很快就被移除了。

Let's zoom in on the bottom here and build the feet.

Just drag in the sectors there as I'm doing to combine them.

只需像我一樣拖動這些扇區，就能將它們合併在一起。

Then we're going to subtract these triangles from the shape at the bottom to add a little character to the tail.

然後，我們要從底部的形狀中減去這些三角形，為尾部增添一點特色。

So Alt or Option key down and then just click and drag just to punch those out of the shape.

按下 Alt 或 Option 鍵，然後單擊並拖動，就能將這些圖形打出來。

And you can see how effective that is and how quickly we're managing to do that.

你可以看到這有多麼有效，以及我們是如何迅速地做到這一點的。

You can hold down the spacebar, of course, to pan and again hold down the Alt or Option key.

當然，您也可以按住空格鍵來平移，然後再按住 Alt 或 Option 鍵。

But this time we're not aiming for one of the sectors.

但這次我們的目標不是其中一個部門。

You can see that and how it highlights differently.

你可以看到它是如何以不同的方式凸顯出來的。