Name: 如果你不瞭解部分準備金制銀行業務，你就不瞭解貨幣 (If You Don’t Understand Fractional Reserve Banking, You Don’t Understand Money)
Uploaded: 2025-08-04T18:24:11.000Z
Duration: 13 min 51 s

If you don't understand fractional reserve banking, you don't understand money.

如果你不瞭解部分準備金制度，你就不瞭解貨幣。

現在進行式

Every single day, most people are getting ripped off because they don't understand how the system works.

每一天，大多數人都在被騙，因為他們不瞭解系統是如何運作的。

動名詞

Wall street keeps printing trillions of dollars out of thin air and yet if you do something like that, you will go to jail.

華爾街不斷憑空印製數萬億美元，但如果你做了這樣的事，你就會坐牢。

How on earth do banks create so much money with fractional reserve banking?

銀行究竟是如何利用部分準備金制度創造出如此多的貨幣的？

The only question is that if banks are allowed to create money out of thin air with fractional reserve banking, then why do banks constantly fail?

唯一的問題是，如果允許銀行通過部分準備金銀行業務憑空創造貨幣，那麼為什麼銀行會不斷倒閉呢？

If you look at the two largest crises in the history of the United States, the 1929 depression and the 2008 financial crisis, they happened because the banks failed.

如果你看看美國曆史上最大的兩次危機，即 1929 年的大蕭條和 2008 年的金融危機，它們的發生都是因為銀行倒閉。

But if banks can create money out of thin air, why didn't these banks print money to help themselves and not to collapse?

但是，如果銀行可以憑空造錢，為什麼這些銀行不印鈔票來幫助自己而不倒閉呢？

There are so many conspiracies about fractional reserve banking and how banks create money out of thin air.

關於部分準備金制銀行業務以及銀行如何憑空創造貨幣，有太多的陰謀論。

On one side, it is true, but on the other side, if they can create money out of thin air, why don't banks simply save themselves?

從一方面看，這是事實，但從另一方面看，如果銀行能夠憑空造錢，為什麼不乾脆自救呢？

In 2023, the silicon valley bank failed and yet it could create money out of thin air and save itself.

2023 年，硅谷銀行倒閉了，但它還能憑空創造出錢來拯救自己。

The first republic bank, and there is a long list of banks that failed and yet they could have printed so much money and saved themselves.

第一家共和國銀行，還有一長串倒閉的銀行，但它們本可以印製大量鈔票，拯救自己。

So here in this video, let's understand how fractional reserve banking works and how the system is actually benefiting the top 1 percent and ripping off everyone else.

是以，在這段視頻中，讓我們來了解一下部分準備金銀行業務是如何運作的，以及這個系統實際上是如何讓最頂尖的 1% 的人受益，而讓其他人蒙受損失的。

So if you are ready, give this video a thumbs up and let's dive right into it.

所以，如果你已經準備好了，請為這段視頻豎起大拇指，讓我們直接進入主題。

We first have to understand how the system works and how money gets into the system in the first place.

我們首先要了解這個系統是如何運作的，以及錢是如何進入這個系統的。

Let's imagine for a moment that there isn't a single dollar in the entire system.

讓我們設想一下，整個系統中沒有一美元。

Tomorrow, we take all the dollars in the united states and we burn them.

明天，我們把美國所有的美元都燒掉。

Let's take all the dollars in the world and burn them.

讓我們把世界上所有的美元都燒掉。

How do the real first money get from the federal reserve into the system?

真正的第一筆資金是如何從聯邦儲備局進入系統的？

On the other side, we have the federal reserve.

And there isn't a single dollar in the economy yet.

So the US treasury would say that we need money in order to cover our expenses.

是以，美國財政部會說，我們需要錢來支付我們的開支。

We have employees who work for the government.

We have people who are the contractors who are building the bridges, the roads.

我們有一些人是建造橋樑和道路的承包商。

They will create a piece of paper called the treasurer bills and will sell it to the federal reserve.

他們將創造一種名為 "國庫券 "的紙張，並將其出售給聯邦儲備局。

The federal reserve will create the money out of thin air and will give it to the united states.

聯邦儲備局會憑空創造貨幣，並將其交給美國。

現在，這筆錢是作為債務被創造出來的。

So the US government has to pay this money back when they make this money from taxes for example.

是以，當美國政府從稅收中賺取這筆錢時，就必須償還這筆錢。

Now, the people who got the money who were paid by the government of the united states will take it and they will either spend it on buying things or they will simply go to a commercial bank such as Chase, city bank of bank of America and will deposit their money.

現在，拿到美國政府支付的錢的人會把錢拿去買東西，或者直接去大通銀行、城市銀行、美國銀行等商業銀行存錢。

Now, we have a bunch of banks now in the country such as JP Morgan who now have a lot of money in their bank accounts.

現在，我們國家有很多銀行，比如摩根大通，他們的銀行賬戶裡現在有很多錢。

They will take this money and will lend it to other people who want that money and are willing to borrow it at a certain percentage of interest rate.

他們會把這筆錢借給其他想要這筆錢並願意以一定利率借錢的人。

So if you for example want to get a credit card, you would go to bank of America and get a credit card.

例如，如果你想辦理信用卡，你可以去美國銀行辦理信用卡。

The reason that bank of America can loan you that money is because they got the money first from the people who deposited that money.

美國銀行之所以能貸款給你，是因為他們先從存錢的人那裡拿到了錢。

This is how the first money is being deposited in the economy.

這就是第一筆資金在經濟中的沉澱方式。

And that is a tiny percentage of the money in the economy.

而這隻佔經濟中資金的很小一部分。

That is pretty much around 5 to 10 percent.

Most of the money is not created in this way.

大多數錢都不是這樣創造出來的。

But we have to understand how the money is created in the first place to understand how most of the money is created.

但我們首先要了解貨幣是如何創造出來的，才能瞭解大部分貨幣是如何創造出來的。

Most of the money is entered into the economy through something that we call fractional reserve banking.

大部分貨幣是通過我們所說的部分準備金銀行業務進入經濟的。

A lot of you probably heard about this concept.

很多人可能都聽說過這個概念。

And the concept is very simple and it's very straight forward.

這個概念非常簡單，也非常直接。

So the banks keep a fraction of the money that is being deposited in the bank and they will loan everything else.

是以，銀行會保留一部分存入銀行的錢，其他的都會貸出去。

And that's why we have the name fractional reserve banking.

是以，我們才有了 "部分準備金銀行 "這一名稱。

That fraction could be 5 percent, 7 percent, 8 percent, or it could be higher in times of crisis.

這個比例可能是 5%、7%、8%，或者在危機時期可能更高。

But to understand what is happening, we have to understand the role of the federal reserve in the entire system.

但要了解正在發生的事情，我們必須瞭解聯邦儲備局在整個系統中的作用。

Now a lot of people don't understand what the fed is.

現在很多人都不明白美聯儲是什麼。

But a federal reserve is a bank for the banks.

但聯邦儲備銀行是銀行的銀行。

So for example, you have an account in bank of america.

例如，您在美國銀行有一個賬戶。

You can go to bank of america, you can deposit money in your bank account.

你可以去美國銀行，把錢存入你的銀行賬戶。

You can go to an ATM with your debit card of bank of america and you can withdraw money from your account.

您可以使用美國銀行的借記卡到自動取款機上從您的賬戶中取款。

Or I can send you money to your bank of america account and you will see it.

或者，我可以把錢匯到你的美國銀行賬戶上，你會看到的。

All the banks in the country in the united states have accounts in the federal reserve.

美國的所有銀行都在聯邦儲備局開設賬戶。

Just like you have an account in those banks.

就像你在這些銀行有一個賬戶一樣。

So those banks who have accounts in the federal reserve, they can keep their money in the federal reserve or they can borrow money from the federal reserve.

是以，那些在聯邦儲備局有賬戶的銀行，可以把錢存在聯邦儲備局，也可以從聯邦儲備局借錢。

Just like you do with your bank account in any other bank.

就像您在其他銀行開設銀行賬戶一樣。

This is extremely important to understand in order to have a clearer idea of how fractional reserve banking works.

要想更清楚地瞭解部分準備金銀行的運作方式，瞭解這一點極為重要。

So let's forget this for a moment and move to JP Morgan.

所以，讓我們暫時忘掉這些，轉而談談摩根大通。

How much money can JP Morgan potentially loan money?

So on one side, you have people who will take their money and will deposit it in JP Morgan.

是以，一方面，有人會把錢存入摩根大通。

Let's say that this is you and you have 500K, you will take this money and you will go to JP Morgan and you will say to JP Morgan, here is my 500K, I want 4% interest rate.

假設這是你，你有 50 萬，你會拿著這筆錢去找摩根大通，你會對摩根大通說，這是我的 50 萬，我要 4% 的利率。

And I doubt that JP Morgan will pay you 4% interest rate, but that's a story for another video.

我懷疑摩根大通會付給你 4% 的利率，但這是另一個視頻的故事。

JP Morgan is not a charity organization, they don't have a place to keep your money.

摩根大通不是慈善機構，他們沒有地方存放你的錢。

First of all, that money is most likely digital.

首先，這些錢很可能是數字貨幣。

It doesn't actually exist physically, but that doesn't matter for now.

它實際上並不存在，但現在這並不重要。

JP Morgan is here to make money and they are in the business of borrowing and lending money.

摩根大通是來賺錢的，他們的業務就是借錢和放貸。

They will take your $500,000 and they will loan it to someone else at a certain percentage of interest rate.

他們會把你的 50 萬美元以一定的利率借給別人。

It could be 10%, 7%, depends on the type of the loan and depends on interest rate.

可能是 10% 或 7%，取決於貸款類型和利率。

So the second guy who actually got the $500,000, let's say it's a mortgage.

所以，第二個真正拿到 50 萬美元的人，假設是抵押貸款。

He will take that $500,000 and he will buy a house.

他會拿著那 50 萬美元去買房子。

Somebody sold that house to the first person.

Now the person who sold the house has the $500,000.

現在，賣房子的人擁有了這 50 萬美元。

This guy probably is not going to walk around with $500,000 in cash.

這傢伙可能不會帶著 50 萬美元現金到處走。

And secondly, that transaction is most likely is not being made in cash in the first place.

其次，這筆交易很可能一開始就不是用現金進行的。

And that means that the first bank from whom you are getting the mortgage is going to pay the second bank with a check or a bank transaction or something along those lines.

這就意味著，你獲得抵押貸款的第一家銀行將用支票或銀行交易或類似的方式向第二家銀行付款。

So the guy who actually sold his house now has $500,000.

是以，真正賣掉房子的人現在有 50 萬美元。

So $500,000 moved from JP Morgan into the account of the person who sold the house.

於是，50 萬美元從摩根大通轉入了賣房人的賬戶。

And this guy has an account in Chase bank.

這傢伙在大通銀行有一個賬戶。

So $500,000 moved from JP Morgan into the Chase account.

於是 50 萬美元從摩根大通轉入大通賬戶。

For this transaction to be possible, we have to go to the account of the Federal Reserve.

為了實現這一交易，我們必須進入美聯儲的賬戶。

And in order to have a bank in the United States, you must have an account in the Federal Reserve.

要在美國擁有銀行，就必須在美聯儲開設賬戶。

Because the Federal Reserve is a bank for the banks.

And in order to operate in the banking industry, you must have an account in the Federal Reserve.

要在銀行業開展業務，就必須在美聯儲開設賬戶。

Let's say for the sake of example, both JP Morgan and Chase, their accounts in the Federal Reserve has a million dollars.

舉個例子，摩根大通和大通銀行在美聯儲的賬戶都有一百萬美元。

So JP Morgan has a million dollars and Chase has a million dollars.

摩根大通有一百萬美元，大通也有一百萬美元。

But JP Morgan has actually loaned $500,000 to somebody.

但摩根大通實際上已向某人貸款 50 萬美元。

And that money ended up in the Chase account.

而這些錢最終都進入了大通銀行的賬戶。

So Federal Reserve is going to take $500,000 out of JP Morgan's account and will credit it into the Chase's account.

是以，美聯儲將從摩根大通的賬戶中取出 50 萬美元，並記入大通的賬戶。

Now Chase has extra $500,000 and we are going to deduct $500,000 out of JP Morgan's account.

現在大通銀行多了 50 萬美元，我們將從摩根大通銀行的賬戶中扣除 50 萬美元。

Now the real money hasn't actually changed.

現在，真正的錢其實並沒有變。

The exact same amount of money in the Federal Reserve stays the same.

美聯儲中的貨幣數量保持不變。

We simply moved $500,000 from JP Morgan's account into Chase's account.

我們只需將摩根大通賬戶中的 50 萬美元轉入大通賬戶即可。

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如果你不瞭解部分準備金制銀行業務，你就不瞭解貨幣 (If You Don’t Understand Fractional Reserve Banking, You Don’t Understand Money)

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