when you have to break out the tinker toys to explain a concept. What are you gonna build?

當你必須打破工匠玩具 解釋一個概念。你要做什麼？

(son) Tinker toy ducks, scrod and rolls over your ham. [??]

(兒子) 叮噹玩具鴨子，在你的火腿上滾來滾去。[??]

Good idea. What are you gonna do? (Daughter) The sunset. The sunset.

好主意。你要做什麼？(女兒) 日落夕陽。

OK. So we're gonna start building. Go.

好了，我們要開始建造了。所以我們要開始建設。開始吧

Alright here at Smarter Every Day we're right in the middle of a series on how helicopters work, and if you

好吧，在這裡，在更聰明的每一天，我們'是正確的在一個系列的中間如何直升機的工作，如果你

recall, I told you at the beginning that helicopters are very very complicated.

記得，我一開始就告訴過你，直升機是非常非常複雜的。

So here's the tinker toy helicopter that I just made, and if you recall from the other videos,

所以，這裡'是我剛做的修補玩具直升機，如果你還記得其他視頻中的內容。

I told you that as the blades on the helicopter spin around

我告訴過你，當直升機上的葉片旋轉時...

they have the ability to change pitch as they go around

他們有能力改變音調，因為他們轉來轉去。

in the rotor disc. Now this is called cyclic pitch, and if you don't

在轉子盤。現在這就是所謂的循環節距，如果你不';。

understand this concept you need to go watch this remedial video so you can remind yourself

理解這個概念，你需要去看這個補習視頻，這樣你就可以提醒自己。

about what I'm talking about. So let's assume that we fully understand how that works.

關於我'說的是什麼。所以，讓我們'假設我們完全理解那是如何工作的。

Here's the question. If I have a helicopter and I

這裡'的問題。 如果我有一架直升機，而我

simply want to make a manouver and I want to tilt the helicopter up and forward just like

我只是想做一個機動動作，我想把直升機向上和向前傾斜，就像 "我 "一樣。

this, how do we change the pitch in the rotor disc. So

這個，我們如何改變轉子盤的節距。所以

to me it's logical that I would want to increase the lift on the back of the

對我來說，它'是合乎邏輯的，我想增加對後面的提升

rotor disc, so what that would do is that would cause more lift here which would

轉子盤，所以這將做的是，這將導致更多的升力在這裡，這將是一個很好的選擇。

cause it to tilt forward. This makes sense to me. Does it make sense to you?

導致它向前傾斜。這對我來說是有意義的。 你覺得有道理嗎？

Well here's the deal. You're absolutely wrong if it does. This is

好吧，這裡'是這樣的。如果有的話，你絕對錯了。這是

why. You actually provide more lift on the side

為什麼？你實際上提供了更多的提升側

of the helicopter and that will tilt the helicopter forward.

直升機的，這將使直升機向前傾斜。

When I first figured this out, it blew my mind because it just did not make

當我第一次發現這個問題的時候，它讓我大吃一驚，因為它根本就沒有使

intuitive sense, but it has something to do with this little gadget right here.

直觀的感覺，但它有什麼 做這個小工具就在這裡。

You may have seen one before. It's called a gyroscope.

你可能以前見過一個。 它叫陀螺儀。

So what does this have to do with helicopters. If you think about it,

那麼這和直升機有什麼關係呢。 如果你仔細想想。

it's a big mass spinning very fast. Look at

它是一個大品質旋轉非常快。看

a helicopter. What do we have on top? It's a big mass,

一架直升機。我們在上面有什麼？ 是個大塊頭 It's a big mass,

spinning very fast. So when the rotors are aligned with the

旋轉速度非常快。是以，當轉子對準了 "我"，"我 "就會在 "我 "的位置上旋轉。

helicopter body, if I wanted to pitch the helicopter body

直升機機身，如果我想投擲直升機機身

forward like so, I would expect us to

這樣的前進，我希望我們

be in phase right here, and I would expect to take less of a bite with this rotor and and more of a

在這裡的相位，我希望採取少的一口 與這個轉子和更多的一個。

bite with this rotor to rock it over is that what?.. (Carl) That's not the case.

咬住這個轉子，把它搖過來是什麼？(卡爾) 不是這樣的

It does seem like that would be, but due to gyroscopic

看起來確實會是這樣，但由於陀螺儀的

precession, any force on a spinning disc, which these blades

預退

do act as a disc, takes effect over a 90 degree

做為一個圓盤，在90度範圍內生效。

phase. So if we give it a force here, to push down

相。所以，如果我們在這裡給它一個力，把它推倒。

or up to roll the helicopter forward, it'll actually take effect 90 degrees

或捲起直升機前進，它實際上將生效90度。

later, and roll the helicoper sideways. So in order to roll it forward

後，並將直升機側翻。所以為了讓它向前滾動

we give the pitch when it's 90 degrees away

我們在90度角的時候就開始投球了。

from .. (Destin) Oh, so it's like.. It's almost like predicting the future

哦，所以它就像... ...就像預測未來一樣。

or something like that. (Carl) Something like that. (Destin) So, if I wanted to rock the helicopter

或類似的東西。(Carl) Something like that.所以，如果我想搖晃直升機的話

forward, I would take less of a bite when I'm 90 degrees out of phase

前進，我會少吃一口，當我';90度相位的時候。

and more of a bite over there, and that would do it? (Carl) Yep, so the

在那邊多咬幾口，這樣就可以了？(卡爾) 是的，所以

blade here pulls up. This one pushes down, and it takes effect 90 degrees

這裡的刀刃往上拉。這個往下推，90度就生效了

later when it's parallel with the machine, and the machine will rock, like so.

以後當它'與機器平行時，機器就會搖晃，像這樣。

Yeah. I'm not getting it either.

是啊，我也不明白。

In fact, I got a one-on-one explanation from an ex-pilot at the

事實上，我從一位前飛行員那裡得到了一對一的解釋。

Smithsonian and I still didn't get it. To control to

史密森尼，我還是沒有'得到它。要控制到

90 degrees in front, on the swashplate. (Destin) Like everything on

前面90度，在劍板上。(Destin) 就像所有的東西一樣

Smarter Every Day, I finally understood this when I made an experiment for myself.

每天更聰明，當我為自己做了一個實驗後，我終於明白了這個道理。

Alright so Carl and I have setup a really super high tech experiment involving

好吧，卡爾和我已經設置了一個真正的超級高科技的實驗，涉及到

bicycle wheels. Hey the Wright brothers did it. It's good enough for me if it's good enough for them.

自行車車輪。嘿，萊特兄弟做到了。如果對他們來說足夠好，對我來說就足夠好了。

And we have a camera aligned along a force

而我們有一個攝像頭沿著力的方向對準了

application device, which is a metal strip,

應用裝置，它是一個金屬條。

and do you want to explain what we've got going on here? (Carl) Alright, we're going to (Destin) Wait!

你要不要解釋一下我們這裡發生了什麼？好吧，我們要... ... 等等！

I'm better, go ahead. (Carl) We're going

我好多了 去吧我們要...

to apply a force, straight up, and as you can see here

來施加一個力，直接向上，你可以看到這裡

the tyre rotates in the same plane as we're moving this bar.

輪胎旋轉的平面與我們移動這個杆子的平面相同。

But, when it's spinning, it's going to be different. (Destin) Let's..Let's just check it out.

但當它旋轉的時候 就會變得不一樣了 But, when it's spinning, it's going to be different.讓我們... 讓我們來看看吧

Here we go. I used to play with my mom's exercise

在這裡，我們去。我以前經常玩我媽媽的運動。

machine when I was like 5, so I'm highly qualified to apply angular momentum

當我5歲的時候，機器，所以我'高度合格的應用角動量。

here.

在這裡。

Angular momentum applied! Hit the brakes.

角動量應用！踩剎車

(Carl) Trying to control this thing. (Destin)Alright. (Carl) So now we're

(Carl) 試圖控制這個東西。好吧 Alright.所以現在我們...

gonna do the same test again. We're gonna apply force straight up, here.

會再次做同樣的測試。我們要直接施加力量，在這裡。

And.. it rotates, 90 degrees from where we apply the force.

然後... ...它旋轉，從我們施力的地方90度。

(Destin) Alright this principle is called gyros.. [cough] gyroscopic

(Destin) 好吧，這個原理叫做陀螺... ...[咳嗽] 陀螺儀

precession, and that's basically the forces applied

衰退，而這基本上是施加的力量。

orthogonal to the plane of rotation, it acts 90 degrees out of phase to that

與旋轉平面正交，它與旋轉平面成90度相位。

applied force. I think it's pretty interesting. So, I have a plane of rotation

應用力。我覺得這很有趣。所以，我有一個旋轉的平面

here of the force, but it actually acts in this plane.

這裡的力，但它實際上是在這個平面上作用的。

And so if you look at the horizon that the camera is looking at as he pushes up, it rotates

所以，如果你看一下地平線，當他推上去的時候，攝影機正看著它，它就會旋轉。

opposite of that. It's pretty cool! Anyway

與此相反。它'是相當酷的!總之

that's it. That's why helicopter blades operate 90 degrees out of phase.

這'就是它。這就是為什麼直升機葉片運行90度不相位的原因。

Anything you want to add? Besides the fact that I was kneeling in a horse biscuit

你有什麼要補充的嗎？除了我跪在馬餅裡的事實之外

the entire time? Hey horse. What do you know about

整個時間？嘿，馬。你知道什麼？

gyroscopic precession? [silence] It's what I thought. [laugh]

陀螺儀的衰退？[沉默] 這就是我的想法。[笑]

So I realise this was one of the more complicated videos and I hope you got it. If you would, leave me some

所以我意識到這是一個比較複雜的視頻，我希望你能明白。如果你願意，請給我留下一些

comments and let me know, so I can figure out how to best explain things in the future.

意見，並告訴我，這樣我就可以想辦法在未來最好地解釋事情。

Also, if you're interested, subscribe because next week we're gonna talk about the

另外，如果你有興趣的話，請訂閱，因為下週我們將談論的是："我的朋友，我的朋友"。

helicopter speed limit, and it's not because of the FAA. It's physics.

直升機的速度限制，它'不是因為FAA。它的物理學。

I'm Destin. You're getting Smarter Every Day.

我是Destin你每天都在變得更聰明。

[ Captions by Andrew Jackson ]

[安德魯-傑克遜的字幕]

Captioning in different languages welcome. Please contact Destin if you can help.

歡迎使用不同語言的字幕。如果你能幫忙，請聯繫Destin。