Name: 夏洛特-帕金斯-吉爾曼的《黃壁紙》 | 摘要與分析 (The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman | Summary & Analysis)
Uploaded: 2025-03-31T16:32:12.000Z
Duration: 10 min 2 s

In the introduction of the short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, it's the late 1800s and readers meet an unnamed narrator through her journal.

在短篇小說《黃色牆紙》的引言中，19 世紀末，讀者通過日記認識了一位無名的敘述者。

情態副詞

She has recently given birth and doctors have diagnosed her with a nervous condition and prescribed a rest cure.

她最近剛生完孩子，醫生診斷她患有神經衰弱症，並開出了休息治療的處方。

So she's isolated on a country estate where she and her physician husband John are living for the summer.

是以，她與世隔絕，和她的醫生丈夫約翰在一個鄉村莊園裡過暑假。

This rest doesn't simply mean taking it easy, but involves the near total elimination of all stimuli, including interacting with people, reading, writing, and even seeing her baby.

這種休息並不是簡單的放鬆，而是幾乎完全消除一切刺激，包括與人交流、閱讀、寫作，甚至不看孩子。

Two other women have come to help with childcare and domestic tasks.

另外還有兩名婦女來幫忙照顧孩子和做家務。

Writing in secret, the narrator tells the story of her confinement in an upper room of the house, a former nursery that has barred windows.

在祕密寫作中，敘述者講述了她被囚禁在房子上層房間的故事，那是一間以前的託兒所，窗戶上有鐵柵欄。

In the rising action of the story, the narrator explains that the room has tattered yellow wallpaper with an intricate pattern that the narrator finds irritating.

在故事的開頭，敘述者解釋說，房間裡貼著破舊的黃色牆紙，上面有複雜的圖案，敘述者覺得很煩躁。

Weeks pass, and the narrator finds that her anxiety and depression have increased and even the smallest tasks have become overwhelming.

幾周過去了，敘述者發現自己的焦慮和抑鬱加重了，即使是最小的任務也變得不堪重負。

She asks John if they can leave the house, but he doesn't think it's practical or reasonable to give in to this fancy.

她問約翰他們是否可以離開這所房子，但約翰認為屈從於這種幻想既不現實也不合理。

The narrator continues to obsess about the wallpaper, finding it both appalling and mesmerizing.

敘述者繼續痴迷於牆紙，覺得它既令人震驚又令人著迷。

She spends hours each day looking at it, tracking it with her eyes and trying to follow the pattern to its stopping point.

她每天都要花幾個小時來觀察它，用眼睛追蹤它，並試圖沿著圖案找到它的停止點。

As time passes, she becomes more and more paranoid about the color and the smell and increasingly fascinated by the pattern of the wallpaper.

隨著時間的推移，她對牆紙的顏色和氣味越來越偏執，對牆紙的圖案也越來越著迷。

She becomes convinced that there's a woman trapped behind the pattern trying to get out.

她開始相信，圖案後面有一個女人被困在裡面，試圖逃出來。

Apparently hallucinating, the narrator feels better and more energetic as she becomes more interested in the woman behind the wallpaper.

敘述者似乎產生了幻覺，但隨著她對牆紙背後的女人越來越感興趣，她感覺好多了，也更有活力了。

Sometimes she sees many women, all creeping about behind the pattern.

有時，她會看到很多女人，都在圖案後面躡手躡腳地走來走去。

As the summer draws to a close, the narrator begins to feel that she must help the women escape before she leaves the house.

隨著夏天即將結束，敘述者開始覺得她必須在離開房子之前幫助這些婦女逃走。

At first, she peels the paper a little bit at a time.

But in the climax of the story, she locks herself in the room and begins to tear away the massive swaths of the paper.

但在故事的高潮部分，她把自己鎖在房間裡，開始撕掉大片的紙張。

In the falling action of the story, she completes this task and begins to identify herself as the woman in the wallpaper, creeping along the floor around the room, following the streak on the wallpaper.

在故事的結尾，她完成了這個任務，並開始把自己當成牆紙上的女人，沿著牆紙上的條紋，匍匐在房間的地板上。

And when John finds her in this state, he faints in her path.

當約翰發現她處於這種狀態時，他暈倒在她面前。

In the resolution, the narrator keeps right on crawling and creeping along the wall.

最後，敘述者繼續沿著牆壁爬行。

Let's talk about the characters in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story, The Yellow Wallpaper.

讓我們來談談夏洛特-帕金斯-吉爾曼的短篇小說《黃色壁紙》中的人物。

The story is told through the journal entries of an unnamed narrator, a new mother suffering from what male doctors call a nervous condition.

故事是通過一位無名敘述者的日記講述的，她是一位新媽媽，患有男醫生所說的神經病。

They have prescribed total rest as her treatment, which means that she must do very little that is physically or mentally stimulating.

他們為她開出的治療處方是完全休息，這意味著她必須很少做對身體或精神有刺激的事情。

This kind of rest cure was thought to improve a woman's mental health.

這種休息療法被認為可以改善婦女的心理健康。

However, the confinement and inactivity only deteriorate the narrator's mental condition.

然而，禁閉和無所事事只會讓敘述者的精神狀況惡化。

She becomes obsessed with the color, smell, and pattern of the wallpaper in her room.

她開始迷戀房間裡牆紙的顏色、氣味和圖案。

And her preoccupation with its twistings and turnings turn to hallucinatory delusion.

她對其曲折的關注變成了幻覺妄想。

As she comes to see another world in the wallpaper, her view of other people becomes more and and she begins to behave erratically.

當她從牆紙中看到另一個世界時，她對其他人的看法變得越來越多，行為也開始變得古怪。

By the story's end, her treatment seems to have made her insane.

在故事的結尾，她的治療似乎讓她變得瘋瘋癲癲。

The narrator's husband John is a respected physician, and he comes to embody the rest cure and 19th century patriarchal oppression of women.

敘述者的丈夫約翰是一位受人尊敬的醫生，他體現了休息療法和 19 世紀父權制對婦女的壓迫。

While he's depicted as confident in his wife's diagnosis, and he infantilizes and controls her, speaking to her like a child, installing her in the nursery, giving orders that she must obey, and restricting her freedom to an extreme degree by modern standards.

雖然他對妻子的診斷結果充滿信心，但他卻把妻子視為嬰兒並加以控制，像對待孩子一樣對她說話，把她安置在育嬰室裡，下達她必須服從的命令，並以現代標準極端限制她的自由。

He seems naive about her need for intellectual exercise.

他似乎天真地認為她需要智力鍛鍊。

And in the end, he is shocked to the point of fainting by the extent of her mental deterioration.

最後，他被她精神衰退的程度震驚到昏厥。

John's sister Jenny serves as the couple's housekeeper.

約翰的妹妹珍妮是這對夫婦的管家。

The narrator calls her a dear girl, but she also says she must not let her find me writing, suggesting that Jenny's complicit with John in suppressing the narrator's need for a creative outlet.

敘述者稱她為親愛的女孩，但她也說不能讓她發現我在寫作，這表明珍妮與約翰同流合汙，壓制了敘述者的創作需要。

Jenny herself seems rather dull, a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper who doesn't aspire to anything more.

珍妮本人看起來相當沉悶，她是一個完美而熱情的女管家，並沒有更多的追求。

The narrator describes caretaker Mary as so good with the baby, the very baby the narrator is too anxious to take care of.

敘述者描述看護人瑪麗對嬰兒非常好，而這個嬰兒正是敘述者急於照顧的。

The caretaker isn't mentioned again by name, although readers learn that the baby is well and happy.

雖然讀者瞭解到孩子很好很快樂，但沒有再提到看護人的名字。

Like Jenny, Mary is another part of the isolation that cuts the narrator off from her roles as mother and head of household.

與珍妮一樣，瑪麗也是與世隔絕的另一部分，她將敘述者與母親和一家之主的角色割裂開來。

Let's talk about some of the key symbols in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story, The Yellow Wallpaper.

讓我們來談談夏洛特-帕金斯-吉爾曼的短篇小說《黃色壁紙》中的一些關鍵象徵。

The pattern of the yellow wallpaper symbolizes the narrator's confinement, and perhaps the social limitations of women in general.

黃色壁紙的圖案象徵著敘述者的禁錮，或許也象徵著女性普遍受到的社會限制。

The pattern traps and fixates the narrator's thoughts, such that her rest cure seems to drive her insane.

這種模式困住並固定了敘述者的思想，以至於她的休息療法似乎讓她發瘋。

She comes to believe that the wallpaper's pattern consists of bars that imprison a woman, sometimes many women.

她開始相信牆紙的圖案是由柵欄組成的，這些柵欄囚禁著一個女人，有時是許多女人。

This woman shakes the bars, trying to get out.

這個女人搖晃著鐵欄杆，試圖逃出去。

At the end of the story, the narrator frees the woman by tearing the paper from the wall, an action that may represent her own desire to free herself from confinement.

在故事的結尾，敘述者撕掉了牆上的紙，釋放了那個女人，這一舉動可能代表了她自己想要擺脫禁錮的願望。

The yellow wallpaper also symbolizes contemporary xenophobia, particularly fears of Asian immigration.

黃色牆紙還象徵著當代的仇外心理，尤其是對亞洲移民的恐懼。

In this way, the wallpaper evokes a powerful combination of debilitating cultural anxieties.

通過這種方式，壁紙喚起了人們對衰弱的文化焦慮的強烈共鳴。

The estate reflects the narrator's own isolation.

莊園反映了敘述者自身的孤獨。

The boundaries of the gardens, house, and room symbolize the ever-smaller spaces of her physical and mental freedom.

花園、房子和房間的界限象徵著她身心自由的空間越來越小。

The moon, with its monthly phases long connected to a woman's menstrual cycle, symbolically represents womanhood.

月亮的月相與女性的月經週期有著長期的聯繫，象徵著女性的身份。

Moonlight first reveals the wallpaper's sub-pattern, making a symbolic connection between the narrator and the woman she sees trapped behind bars.

月光》首先揭示了牆紙的子圖案，在敘述者和她看到的被困在鐵窗裡的女人之間建立了象徵性的聯繫。

Both may be unnoticed and unseen during the day, but they move around freely at night.

這兩種動物白天可能不被人注意和發現，但它們在夜間卻能自由行動。

Let's talk about some of the themes of Gilman's short story, The Yellow Wallpaper.

讓我們來談談吉爾曼的短篇小說《黃色壁紙》的一些主題。

The theme of conformity versus self-expression can be seen in the relationship between the narrator and her husband.

從敘述者和她丈夫的關係中，我們可以看到順從與自我表達的主題。

John has decided that she must remain inactive and in her room, and because he is both her husband and a respected physician, she has no choice but to obey.

約翰決定她必須呆在自己的房間裡，因為他既是她的丈夫，又是一位受人尊敬的醫生，她別無選擇，只能服從。

As a wife and a woman, she must be able to do both.

作為一個妻子和女人，她必須能夠做到這兩點。

The narrator accepts her role with little outward dissent, but her need for freedom of expression reveals itself in her private journal.

敘述者接受了自己的角色，幾乎沒有表達異議，但她對錶達自由的需求在她的私人日記中表露無遺。

She writes secretly and stays awake at night to have time to herself.

她偷偷地寫作，為了有自己的時間而徹夜不眠。

However, the overall trajectory of the story shows that her need for healthy self-expression goes unmet.

然而，整個故事的發展軌跡表明，她健康的自我表達需求並未得到滿足。

Instead of engaging meaningfully with those around her, the narrator comes to see a confined woman behind the bars of the yellow wallpaper and creeping women outside her windows.

敘述者沒有與周圍的人進行有意義的交流，而是在黃色牆紙和窗外躡手躡腳的女人的柵欄後面看到了一個被禁錮的女人。

Gilman, in this way, shows us how unhealthy forced conformity can be.

吉爾曼用這種方式向我們展示了強迫服從是多麼不健康。

Confinement is a constant theme in The Yellow Wallpaper, seen in the setting, in the form of the secret journal, and in the narrator's overall descent into madness.

禁閉是《黃壁紙》中一個永恆的主題，這體現在故事的背景、祕密日記的形式以及敘述者陷入瘋狂的整個過程中。

The narrator is physically trapped by her surroundings and her husband's directives.

敘述者的身體被周圍的環境和丈夫的指令所困。

The borders and walls of the estate isolate her.

莊園的邊界和圍牆將她隔離開來。

Beyond these physical barriers are those set up by society to limit women.

除了這些有形的障礙之外，還有社會為限制婦女而設置的障礙。

Her journal sets the confines of her mental activity and proves inadequate to the task.

她的日記為她的精神活動設定了範圍，但事實證明這並不足以完成任務。

Confined also by her fixation with the yellow wallpaper, the narrator traces the pattern for hours at a time.

敘述者也被她對黃色牆紙的痴迷所束縛，一連幾個小時都在追蹤牆紙上的圖案。

In this way, the pattern traps her mind, even as her physical self is confined.

就這樣，圖案困住了她的心靈，甚至她的身體也被禁錮住了。

Women's roles were certainly limited at the time Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper.

在吉爾曼創作《黃壁紙》時，女性的角色無疑是有限的。

With mother and house manager, the normalized domestic sphere for upper-class wives.

母親和家庭管理者是上層階級妻子的正常家庭領域。

But the narrator in Gilman's story is much more limited.

但是，吉爾曼故事中的敘述者要侷限得多。

At the mercy of male physicians who prescribe total inactivity of mind and body, she's already removed from her roles of mother and house manager when the story begins.

男醫生開出的處方讓她的身心完全失去活力，在故事開始時，她已經擺脫了母親和家庭管理者的角色。

Her woman's identity is thus split off into other characters.

她的女性身份是以被分割成其他角色。

Mary takes on the narrator's role of mother, and Jenny manages the house, including taking care of the narrator.

瑪麗承擔起了敘述者母親的角色，珍妮則打理家務，包括照顧敘述者。

The narrator thus loses all agency over her life, and she's treated like a child who must be cared for.

敘述者是以失去了對自己生活的控制權，她被當作一個必須被照顧的孩子。

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was herself of the strong opinion that women need meaningful work suited to their natural abilities and inclinations.

夏洛特-帕金斯-吉爾曼（Charlotte Perkins Gilman）本人就強烈認為，婦女需要適合其天賦能力和傾向的有意義的工作。

Her story intensifies the limitations put on women to show the mental decline that results.

她的故事加劇了對婦女的限制，顯示了由此導致的精神衰退。

Mental illness is shown in this story to result from the narrator's forced conformity, her confinement, and her limited responsibilities, making the question of insanity a kind of umbrella theme that encapsulates the others.

在這個故事中，精神疾病是敘述者被迫順從、被禁錮和責任有限的結果，這使得精神錯亂問題成為一個總括其他主題的傘狀主題。

What kind of mental health can we expect from such cultural traditions?

這樣的文化傳統能給我們帶來什麼樣的心理健康呢？

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