This is News Review from BBC Learning English, where we help you understand news headlines in English. I'm Beth.

這是 BBC 學習英語的新聞回顧節目，我們幫助你用英語理解新聞標題。 我叫 Beth。

And I'm Georgie.

我叫 Georgie。

Make sure you watch to the end to learn the vocabulary you need to talk about this story.

請務必看完這部影片，以便學習你們談論這個故事需要的詞彙。

And don't forget to subscribe to our channel to learn more English from the headlines.

別忘了訂閱我們的頻道，瞭解更多英語知識。

Now, today's story.

現在開始今天的故事。

Heavy rains in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul have left hundreds of towns underwater.

巴西南部南里奧格蘭德州的大雨導致數百個城鎮被淹沒。

Over 90 people have died in the floods and about 155,000 have had to leave their homes.

超過 90 人在洪水中喪生，約 155,000 人被迫離開家園。

More than 130 people are still missing.

目前仍有130多人下落不明。

More heavy rain is expected in the region this week.

預計本週該地區將有更多大雨。

You've been looking at the headlines.

你一直在看頭條新聞，

What's the vocabulary that people need to understand this news story in English?

人們需要哪些詞彙來理解這個英語新聞報導？

We have 'torrential,' 'displaced' and 'wreak havoc.'

我們要學習「洪流」、「流離失所」和「造成嚴重破壞」。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞評論節目。

Let's have our first headline.

請看第一個標題。

This one is from The Guardian.

這篇來自《衛報》。

Weather tracker: torrential rainstorms cause death and destruction in Brazil.

天氣追蹤：暴雨在巴西造成死亡和破壞。

So this headline says that heavy rain is causing floods in Brazil.

所以這個標題說大雨正在巴西引發洪水。

We are looking at the adjective torrential.

我們正在看形容詞 torrential。

And this comes from the noun torrent.

這來自名詞 torrent。

Georgie, what is a torrent?

喬治，torrent 是激流？

Torrent means very fast-flowing water.

「激流」是指流動速度非常快的水。

So imagine a stream, a fast stream, a river or a waterfall has torrents of water.

因此，想像一條溪流、一條湍急的溪流、一條河流或一條瀑布，其中有急流。

So when we describe rain as torrential, the adjective, we mean very strong, heavy rainfall.

因此，當我們用形容詞 torrential 來形容降雨時，我們指的是非常強烈的暴雨。

So imagine torrents of water falling from the sky.

想像一下從天而降的洪流。

As you can imagine, torrential rain often causes floods and destruction.

正如你可以想像的那樣，暴雨經常會造成洪水和破壞。

Now we almost always use torrential to describe fast-flowing water, but specifically rain.

我們幾乎總是用洪流來描述快速流動的水，但特別是雨。

Now we really use it to emphasise just how much rain there is.

我們實際上用它來強調降雨量。

That's right. We do also use it to exaggerate as well.

這是正確的。 我們也用它來誇大其詞。

So even if the rain doesn't cause floods and destruction like it has in Brazil, we might still use it to sound dramatic.

即使降雨不會像巴西那樣造成洪水和破壞，我們仍然可以用它來聽起來很戲劇化。

So this weekend, for example, in the UK, we had a lot of heavy rain.

所以這個週末，例如在英國，我們下了很多大雨。

I might say that it was torrential rain. I had to cancel all my plans.

我可以說，這是一場傾盆大雨。 我不得不取消所有計劃。

Yes. And that is a good example of exaggeration.

是的。 這是誇飾的一個很好的例子。

It wasn't that bad.

沒有那麼嚴重。

Now, instead of torrential, we can also say it's pouring, which again means a lot of rain.

除了說 torrential，我們也可以說 it's pouring，意思也是下著大量的降雨。

And in the UK, we often say it's chucking it down, which means, again, it's raining really heavily.

在英國，我們常說 it's chucking it down，這又意味著雨下得很大。

OK, let's look at that again.

好吧，讓我們再看一下。

Let's have a look at our next headline.

請看下一個標題。

This one is from the Deccan Herald.

這是來自《德干先驅報》的報導：

Death toll from Brazil rains climbs to 83, thousands displaced.

巴西降雨造成的死亡人數攀升至 83 人，數千人流離失所。

Now, this headline says that the death toll in Brazil is climbing.

這個標題說巴西的死亡人數正在上升。

A death toll means the number of people who have died and climb means increase.

死亡人數意味著死亡人數，攀登意味著增加。

But we are looking at the word displaced.

但我們正在看「流離失所」這個詞。

It has the word place in it, which is a noun.

它裡面有「place」這個詞，它是一個名詞。

You know that word. We are in a studio. That is a place.

你知道這個詞。 我們在一個攝影棚。 那是一個地方。

But Georgie, how do we use it as a verb?

但是 Georgie，我們要如何將它當作動詞呢？

Well, if you place something somewhere, it means that you put it somewhere.

如果你把東西放在某個地方，那就意味著你把它放在了某個地方。

So, Beth, can I place something in your hand?

Beth，我可以把東西放在你手上嗎？

Yes.

可以。

OK, I placed the water bottle in your hand. I put it there.

好的，我把水瓶放在你手上了。 我把它放在那裡。

OK, so that is place.

這就是放置。

But here we're looking at displaced.

但這邊看到的是 displaced。

And when we add the prefix dis-, it actually means the opposite.

當我們加上前綴 dis-時，它實際上意味著相反的意思。

And displaced is very often used for serious things.

而且 displaced 經常用於嚴肅的事情。

Yes, it means to move someone or something from their original position.

是的，它的意思是把某人或某物從原來的位置移開。

And in the headline, we have thousands displaced.

在標題中，有數千人流離失所。

And here we're talking about thousands of people being displaced.

我們在這裡談論的是成千上萬的人流離失所。

That means the floods caused them to leave their homes because it's become too dangerous.

這意味著洪水導致他們離開家園，因為它變得太危險了。

And we do hear the word displaced very often in the context of war and natural disasters, like in the headline here, when something is just too dangerous and people are forced to move away.

在戰爭和自然災害的背景下，我們確實經常聽到流離失所這個詞，就像這裡的標題一樣，當事情太危險而人們被迫搬走時。

Yep. And don't confuse displaced with misplaced.

是的。 並且不要將流離失所與錯位混淆。

They sound similar, but they have different prefixes, which gives them different meanings.

它們聽起來很相似，但有不同的前綴，這賦予了它們不同的含義。

So misplace means that you put something in the wrong place or lose it.

所以放錯地方意味著你把東西放在錯誤的地方或遺失了。

So this morning, for example, I misplaced my keys and that means I couldn't find them.

例如，今天早上，我把鑰匙放丟了，這意味著我找不到它們。

Have you found them now?

現在你找到它們了嗎？

Yes.

找到了。

Good.

很好。

OK, let's look at that again.

好的，再來看一次。

Let's have our next headline.

請看下一個標題。

This one is from People's Dispatch.

這是來自《人民快訊》的報導：

Floods wreak havoc on southern Brazilian state with 83 confirmed deaths.

洪水對巴西南部州造成嚴重破壞，已確認 83 人死亡。

Now, again, this headline is talking about the floods in Brazil, but we are looking at wreak havoc.

這個標題再次談論巴西的洪水，但我們要關注造成的字是「嚴重破壞」。

Now, this is very often seen together as a combination, but can you break it down for us?

現在，這通常是組合一起看，但你能為我們分解解釋嗎？

Yes, let's start with havoc.

好的，先從 havoc 開始。

Havoc is a noun which means chaos or destruction, and wreak has a similar meaning to cause.

Havoc 是一個名詞，意思是混亂或破壞，而 wreak 與 cause 具有相似的含義。

So together, the meaning is similar to cause chaos.

所以放在一起，意思就類似造成混亂。

The floods are wreaking havoc in Brazil.

洪水正在巴西造成嚴重損害。

They are causing chaos.

他們正在製造混亂。

So as you said, wreak havoc is common as a combination.

正如你所說，「製造破壞」一種常見的組合用法。

Wreak on its own is not common, and you shouldn't use it just any time you want to say the word cause.

Wreak 本身並不常見，而且你不應該在任何想要說出 cause 一詞時都使用它。

Right, so we could say pollution causes climate change, and we definitely wouldn't say pollution wreaks climate change.

是的，我們會說污染「導致」氣候變化，但我們絕對不會說污染「破壞」氣候變化。

It just sounds very strange.

聽起來就是很奇怪。

Now, wreak is almost always followed by havoc in modern English, but the word havoc is a little bit more flexible.

在現代英語中，wreak 後面幾乎總是跟著 havoc，但 havoc 這個詞更靈活一些。

So apart from wreak havoc, we could say cause havoc or unleash havoc.

因此，除了造成嚴重破壞之外，我們還可以說 cause havoc 或 unleash havoc。

Any more examples?

還有更多例子嗎？

Yes, so actually this morning, we had a lot of train cancellations, which wreaked havoc on people trying to get to work on time.

是的，實際上今天早上，我們有很多火車被取消，這對試圖按時上班的人們造成了嚴重破壞。

And as we know, the pandemic wreaked havoc on the economy.

眾所周知，疫情對經濟造成了嚴重破壞。

It did.

確實。

Okay, let's look at that again.

再來看一次。

We've had torrential -- describes heavy rain.

我們學習了暴雨——描述的是大雨。

Displaced -- moved from the original place.

流離失所－離開原來的地方。

And wreak havoc -- cause chaos.

還有造成嚴重破壞——造成混亂。

Now, if you're interested in learning more language from the news headlines, click here.

如果你有興趣從新聞標題中了解更多語言，請按此處。

And don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel so you never miss another episode.

不要忘記點擊此處訂閱我們的頻道，這樣你就不會錯過任何一集。

Thanks for joining us.

感謝參與。

Bye.

掰。

Bye.

掰。