But today, it is acknowledged as a persistent issue that can last well into adulthood.

但現今，它被認為是一個持續存在的問題，可以持續到成年。

A study led by psychologist Dr. Margaret Sibley reveals that it persists in 5 to 75% of people.

心理學家 Margaret Sibley 博士領導的一項研究表明，5% 至 75% 的人存在這種症狀。

People with ADHD may be diagnosed in childhood or later as an adult.

患有 ADHD 的人可能在童年時期或成年後被診斷出來

We may be familiar with the signs of ADHD that emerge early in life like behavioral issues at school, being unable to sit still in class, difficulty following the teacher's instructions or finishing tasks.

我們可能對 ADHD 初期的跡像比較熟悉，例如在學校出現行為問題、無法乖乖坐在教室裡、難以遵循老師的指示或完成任務等。

But what does ADHD look like in adults?

但是患有 ADHD 的成人是什麼樣子？

Are they similar to the signs displayed during childhood or are there any differences?

跟兒童時期出現的症狀相似嗎？

In this video, let's explore together some of the signs of ADHD in adults.

在這個影片中，讓我們一起探索一些成年人 ADHD 的症狀。

Mental restlessness.

精神不安定。

Perhaps you're accustomed to the fact that the letter H and ADHD refers to physical hyperactivity where one excessively fidgets and moves about constantly.

也許你已經知道 ADHD 的 H 代表過動症，也就是過度焦躁和不斷移動。

But did you know that the letter H is also associated with mental restlessness?

但你知道嗎，字母 H 也跟精神不安定有喔。

Professor of cognitive psychology, Dr. Kimberly Quinn says that the A DH D mind is constantly filled with a flock of very busy hummingbirds,

認知心理學教授 Kimberly Quinn 博士表示，ADHD 的思維就像一群忙碌的蜂鳥，不斷飛來飛去，

zipping in and out with each new and interesting flower and with a constant buzz.

穿梭在每朵新鮮而有趣的花朵之間，一直嗡嗡叫。

ADHD brain is the internal motor that won't simply shut off.

ADHD 患者的大腦就像是一台不會關機的內建馬達。

Kate Moryoussef, a fellow adult with ADHD describes this experience as having continuous inner chatter and overthinking that causes emotional burnout and mental exhaustion by the end of the day.

Kate Moryoussef，一位患有 ADHD 的成年人形容這種經歷是持續不斷在內心喋喋不休和過度思考，導致情緒耗盡，並且一天結束時造成精神疲憊。

This internal restlessness in adults with ADHD was measured using the internal restlessness scale in a study by psychology professor, Dr. Lisa Weyandt.

在一項由心理學教授 Lisa Weyandt 所進行的研究中，使用了精神不安定量表來測量成年 ADHD 患者的神經不安定感。

According to this study, college students with ADHD have much higher ratings of internal restlessness than college students without ADHD.

根據這項研究，患有 ADHD 的大學生在精神不安定感方面的評分比沒有 ADHD 的大學生要高得多。

Ready? Fire! Aim!

準備好了嗎？預備！起！

We all know that life does not have a rewind button but throw impulsive comments into the mix, and you might enter a realm of awkward social situations.

我們都知道生活沒有倒帶鍵，但如果衝動的留言，你可能會陷入尷尬的社交場景之中。

Professor of Clinical Psychology, Dr. Russell Ramsay explains that adults with ADHD experience this constantly.

臨床心理學教授 Russell Ramsay 解釋說，患有 ADHD 的成年人經常會有這種經驗。

Speech spontaneity is part of the package.

自發性的講話是其中的一部分。

They may find themselves blurting out responses before the entire questions are laid out, interrupting others mid-sentence, finishing other people's thoughts.

他們可能會在對方陳述完問題之前就脫口說出回答，打斷他人的發言，或者幫別人結語。

This impulsivity is due to hyperactivity manifested inside the brain.

這種衝動行為是由大腦內部表現出的過動症所引起的。

Adults with ADHD have many ideas and thoughts circling in their minds and they fear that they may forget their thoughts if they wait too long,

注意力不足過動症的成年人腦海中常常有許多想法和思緒循環，他們擔心如果等待太久就會忘記這些思緒，

causing them to blurt out things and interrupt discussions they engage in.

造成他們容易脫口而出並打斷他們參與的討論。

Trapped in the now.

困在當下。

Whenever the topic of approaching deadlines is brought up in the conversation, I bet you'll hear a long sigh followed by, "Oh, no, that reminds me."

每當談到逼近的截止日期時，你很可能會聽到一聲長長的嘆息，然後是「哦，不，我想起來了」的話語。

There is a universal understanding that deadlines are stressful and can trigger a feeling of anxiety.

大家都知道，截止日期讓人感到有壓力，可能會引發焦慮感。

This is especially true for adult ADHDers, who may display excessive emotional reactions to deadlines or miss them entirely.

對於成年 ADHD 患者來說，這一點尤為真實，他們可能會對截止日期表現出過度的情緒反應，或者完全錯過忘記這件事。

Psychologist, Ari Tuchman says that adults with ADHD are frequently trapped in the current moment and are more absorbed by what is happening now.

心理學家 Ari Tuchman 表示，成年 ADHD 患者經常陷在當下，更容易被當下正在發生的事情所吸引。

They're much more affected by their surroundings and find it easier to disregard external cues.

他們對周圍環境更敏感，更容易忽略外在的事情。

It's more difficult to make room for the future until finally, they enter the future.

在未來到來之前，讓自己為未來留出空間變得更加困難，直到最後，未來的時刻來了。

And this is when mayhem starts.

這時候混亂就開始了。

For example, even when they set the alarm clock for seven o'clock tomorrow morning, they're still up and about at midnight.

例如，即使他們設定明天早上七點的鬧鐘，但他們可能在半夜還不睡。

This pattern of chronic procrastination is caused by executive dysfunction which involves difficulty planning or completing a job due to an inability to visualize the final outcome.

這種長期性的拖延症是由執行功能障礙引起的，這包括出於無法想像最終結果而難以計劃或完成工作。

Loss for words.

不知道說什麼。

(Do) you know predictive text with text messages?

你知道文字訊息中的預測文字功能嗎？

Unfortunately, for those with ADHD, their brains work like the predictive text function.

不幸的是，對於 ADHD 患者來說，他們大腦的運作方式就像預測文字功能一樣。

(A) licensed clinical social worker, Timothy Kelly, explains in a "Psych Central" article that when a person with ADHD speaks,

有執照的臨床社工 Timothy Kelly 在一篇《Psych Central》的文章中解釋，當一個 ADHD 患者說話時，

their brain will deliver the following line to them even when they haven't yet finished the present sentence.

即使他們還沒有完成當前的句子，他們的大腦會立即提供下一句話給他們。

In other words, their brain moves faster than their speech, leading to disorganized thinking.

換句話說，他們的大腦運動速度比說話快，導致思維混亂。

According to psychology professor Dr. Susan Whitbourn, difficulty in organizing thoughts causes adults with ADHD to sometimes experience a loss of words when they want to explain things to others

心理學教授 Susan Whitbourn 博士表示，患有 ADHD 的成年人有時在想要向他人解釋事情時會覺得失語。

Unmotivated.

沒有動力。

Feeling unmotivated. The struggle that everyone can relate to.

感到沒有動力，這是每個人都能感受到的掙扎。

But neurodivergent adults experience this feeling of laziness differently.

但神經學表現特異的成年人體驗這種懶散感的方式是不同的。

They may try really, really hard, but are still unable to accomplish their goal.

他們可能非常非常努力，但仍然無法達成他們的目標。

Perhaps they see a pile of unwashed plates and cutleries, turn around and flee.

也許他們看到一堆沒洗的盤子和餐具，轉身就跑了。

They may come again at another time, but the same cycle of running away persists

他們可能會再找時間再次嘗試，但逃避的循環依然存在。

According to a study by research psychiatrist Dr. Nora Volkow, dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is active in the brain's pleasure and reward center and is involved in the regulation of motivation.

根據研究精神科醫師 Nora Volkow 的研究，多巴胺是一種在大腦的快樂和獎勵系統活躍的神經傳遞物質，並參與調節動機的過程。

The researchers found that there was not enough dopamine and dopamine transporter in the brain of adults with ADHD which subsequently interfered with the dopamine reward pathway.

研究人員發現，ADHD 患者的大腦中多巴胺和多巴胺轉運蛋白的含量不足，進而干擾了多巴胺的獎勵路徑。

Even when adults with ADHD believe there will be a reward at the endm, they still find it hard to complete their tasks.

即使成年 ADHD 患者相信最後會有獎勵，他們仍然發現完成任務很困難。

Can you relate to any of these signs? I can.

你對以上任何跡象有感同身受嗎？我有。

If you do, we urge you to talk to your family doctor or mental health professional to get it evaluated.

如果你也有，我們建議你諮詢你的家庭醫生或心理醫生以進行評估。

Remember having ADHD does not mean something's wrong with you.

記住，患有 ADHD 不代表你有什麼問題。

You're not weak, defective or lazy.

你並不軟弱、有缺陷或懶惰。

Your brain is simply wired differently.

只是你的大腦迴路比較不同而已。

Cognitive psychologist, Dr. Quinn, even reveals that ADHD can actually be reframed as a superpower.

認知心理學家 Quinn 博士甚至透露，ADHD 其實可以被重新構建為一種超級力量。

You use your intelligence in unique ways, tackling issues and providing ideas that nobody has ever thought of before.

你用獨特的方式利用你的智慧，處理問題並提供以前沒有人想過的想法。

Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you in the next video. And remember, you matter.

非常感謝你的觀看，下一支影片間。請記住，你很重要。