I'm Coy Wire; thank you for spending part of your day with us right here on CNN10, the best 10 minutes in news.

我是 Coy Wire，謝謝各位今天撥出一點時間觀看 CNN10，最佳的 10 分鐘新聞。

Now, we have to start today with some sad and concerning news out of North Korea.

我們今天開頭必須提到來自北韓的一些悲傷且令人擔憂的新聞。

Experts say that North Korea's chronic food shortages are growing and so is the number of citizens potentially dying due to starvation.

專家表示，北韓的長期糧食短缺正在惡化，可能因為飢餓而死的公民數量也在增加。

Trade data, satellite images, and assessments from the United Nations and South Korea suggest that the nation is grappling with their lowest food supply since the famine of the 1990s,

來自聯合國和南韓的交易數據、衛星影像以及分析都顯示該國正經歷自 1990 年代饑荒以來，最低的糧食存量，

a famine that caused mass starvation, killing hundreds of thousands of people.

那場饑荒引起了大量的挨餓，導致數萬人死亡。

Experts say the current food shortage is likely due to complications from the COVID pandemic.

專家說，目前的糧食短缺可能因為新冠疫情而變得更複雜。

Three years of closed borders and strict isolation, as well as floods and storms, which offset planting.

接連三年的邊境關閉以及嚴格的隔離，加上損害農作的水災和暴風。

North Korea is a self-isolated and very secretive country, so it's difficult to assess or prove what's really going on there.

北韓是個自我隔絕且即為隱密的國家，所以很難了解或證明過內真正發生的事。

Experts say that equal distribution of any available food there is unlikely because the elite and military are prioritized.

專家表示，公平分派任何可取得的食物不太可能，因為權貴和軍隊被視為優先。

Now, despite the food shortage, which few experts deny, North Korea continues to spend money on missile tests instead of food and refuses aid from neighboring countries.

儘管許多專家都否認的糧食短缺，北韓依然繼續斥資在飛彈試驗，而不是食物上，並拒絕鄰國的援助。

Here's CNN's Paula Hancocks with more.

以下是 CNN 記者 Paula Hancocks 帶來的更多報導。

Concerns about North Korea's food crisis are growing.

關於北韓糧食危機的顧慮持續提升。

Reports from multiple sources say deaths due to starvation are likely.

許多不同來源的報導都指出飢餓導致的死亡是很可能的。

Probably its worst point since the famine in the 1990s, which killed 3 to 5% of the population.

大概是自 1990 年代饑荒後的最糟點，當時有百分之 3 到 5 的人口死亡。

Attention is being paid at the very top.

最高層已經開始留意。

North Korea leader Kim Jong-un held a Workers' Party meeting this week, calling for a fundamental change in farming and state economic plans.

北韓領導人金正恩本週招開了朝鮮勞動黨會議，呼籲農務以及國家經濟計畫的基本改革。

But many say it is his regime⏤its chronic mismanagement and isolation⏤that has caused this crisis.

但許多人認為引起這場危機的，是他的政權、他長期的管理不當與隔絕。

We're really talking about three years of no import or fertilizer.

我們討論的是接連三年沒有入口品或肥料。

There's been no imports of tools or components to fix the outdated machinery that they have

沒有任何可以修繕他們過時器械的工具或是組件的進口。

An extensive shutdown of borders due to the COVID pandemic meant almost no food or aid was getting into the country⏤only in recent months as minimal trade restarted with China.

因為新冠疫情的大規模邊界封鎖意味著幾乎沒有食物或援助進入該國，而與中國極少量的交易也是在近幾個月才開始。

South Korean officials said last month they believe deaths from starvation are occurring in certain areas, though provided no evidence.

南韓官員上月表示，他們相信某些地區已經有飢餓死的案例，不過沒有提供任何證據。

Its Rural Development Agency estimates that the North's food production dropped almost 4% last year from the year before.

南韓農村發展管理局估計，北韓糧食產量較前年下降了近 4%。

Food has dipped below the amount needed to satisfy the minimum human needs.

糧食已經低於滿足人類最低需求的量。

So, as it stands, by that measure, even if you distributed food perfectly equally, which is totally inconceivable, you would have hunger related deaths.

所以依照這個標準來看，即使你完全平等地分配食物（這完全無法想像），還是會有與飢餓相關的死亡。

Speaking to South Korea's Foreign Minister last week, he said Pyongyang has to decide to help its own people.

上週與南韓外交部長談話時，他表示，平壤必須決定幫助自己的人民。

The only way that North Korea can get out of this trouble is to come back to the dialogue table and accept our humanitarian offer to the North and make a better choice for the future.

北韓能擺脫這個困境的唯一方式是，回歸對談並接受我們對北方的人道援助以及為未來做更好的決策。

The regime's focus remains on its nuclear and missile program.

其政權的重點仍然是核武和飛彈計劃。

Seoul's Ministry of Unification says if Pyongyang had used the money spent on launching missiles last year for food, it could've bought one million tons, more than enough to cover the annual food shortage.

首爾統一部表示，如果平壤將去年發射飛彈的錢用於購買糧食，它可以購買一百萬噸糧食，足以應付當年糧食短缺。

But that focus is unlikely to shift.

但是其焦點不太可能轉移。

As the time goes on, the capacity for North Koreans to endure hardship becomes harder and harder.

隨著時間推移，北韓人民忍受困難的能力變得越來越低。

Their... their resilience, you know, runs off and their, you know, their resources also decrease.

他們的韌性會消磨、資源也會降低。

10-second Trivia.

10 秒快問快答。

In biology, a complete set of DNA in an organism is called what?

在生物當中，一個有機體內的完整一套 DNA 被稱為什麼？

Genome, chromosome, genetic code, or interphase.

Genome（基因組）、chromosome（染色體）、genetic code（遺傳密碼）或 interphase（細胞間期）。

Genome is the term for the entire set of DNA instructions for a cell or organism.

Genome 一詞是指表示一個細胞或有機體內的整套 DNA 編碼。

Thanks to recent breakthroughs in genetics, scientists say they will soon be able to bring back prehistoric creatures that have been extinct for thousands of years.

多虧近期基因學中的突破，科學家認為他們很快就能讓滅絕數千年之就的史前生物復活。

We could see a woolly mammoth roaming the earth in as little as 4 years, according to researchers.

根據研究人員所說，我們可能最快在 4 年內就會看到真猛獁象在地球上行走。

Now, woolly mammoths were the huge, hairy-looking, elephant-type beasts marching through the ice age snow about 10,000 years ago.

真猛獁象是大約 1 萬年前冰河時代的在雪地上行走的巨型、長毛、象類野獸。

One company⏤Colossal Biosciences⏤says it plans to reincarnate the mammoth using gene editing technology in a process called de-extinction.

Colossal Biosciences 這間公司表示，它計劃利用基因編輯技術讓真猛獁象復活，這個過程被稱為「去滅絕」。

And there are other extinct creatures scientists could bring back as well, like the Tasmanian tiger or the dodo bird.

還有其它科學家可能使之復活的已滅絕生物，如袋狼或是渡渡鳥。

But, should they?

但是應該這樣嗎？

As you can imagine, there are plenty of ethical questions about these recent genetic advancements.

如同各位可以想像的，關於近期這些基因進展，存在有很多倫理問題。

Here's CNN's Rachel Crane with more.

下面是 CNN 記者 Rachel Crane 帶來的更多報導。

Your body contains 37.2 trillion cells.

你的身體包含 37.2 萬億個細胞。

And within each is a copy of a code consisting of more than 20,000 genes and billions of strands of DNA.

而每一個細胞中，都有一組編碼，包含了超過 2 萬個基因以及數十億組 DNA 鏈。

This code is your genome, and it determines everything that makes you you.

這組編碼就是你的基因組，決定了讓你成為你的一切。

What if you could modify that code, bring back extinct species, eliminate hereditary diseases?

如果你能調整那組編碼，讓已滅絕物種復活、滅除遺傳性疾病，那又如何呢？

That is precisely what molecular engineers and geneticists around the world are working on.

這正是全球各地分子工程師和遺傳學家正在努力做的事。

Genes are what we get, and we're stuck with them, and the environment is the only thing we can change and there's kind of a limit on how much we could do.

基因是我們出生就獲得、無法改變的，我們真正能改變的是環境，而我們能做的程度有限。

But now, if we can change our genes, too, we're really in much closer to total control of our biology and physiology.

不過如果我們現在也可以改變自身的基因，我們真的就離完全控制自身生理構造更近一步了。

George Church is one of many using a revolutionary gene editing technique called CRISPR/Cas9, which allows you to modify DNA sequences.

George Church 是許多利用 CRISPR/Cas9 這種顛覆性基因編輯技術的人之一，這個技術讓你能夠修改 DNA 序列。

CRISPR is a way that you can design and target a particular part of your genome and change it to something else, or you can delete a gene.

CRISPR 這個方法讓你可以針對基因組其中一個部分設計，並將它改變為另一個樣貌，你也可以刪除一個基因。

You can make all sorts of edits very precisely.

你可以非常精確地進行各種編輯。

CRISPR is kind of like having the find-delete-replace function for DNA.

CRISPR 有點像是用在 DNA 上的「搜尋-刪除-取代」功能。

No one actually invented the process; it happens naturally.

沒有人實際發明了這個流程，它是自然發生的。

Scientists discovered that bacteria alter their DNA to defend against viruses, essentially storing part of a virus so they can identify, target, and attack the virus if it comes back.

科學家們發現細菌會變更自身 DNA 以防禦病毒，基本上就是儲存病毒的一部分以在牠重返時可進行辨識、瞄準並攻擊。

Researchers realized the tools bacteria used to do this were CAST proteins, nature's genetic scissors.

研究人員意識到，細菌用來做這件事的工具是 CAST 蛋白，也就是自然界的基因剪刀。

Geneticists are now using these proteins to make their own targeted changes to DNA.

遺傳學家現在正在利用這些蛋白針對 DNA 進行針對性變更。

Scientists have been messing with genomes for years, so, what's the big deal with CRISPR?

科學家們多年來都在針對基因組進行實驗，所以 CRISPR 有什麼了不起的？

This is dramatically different, I mean, it's... it's like 10,000 times easier.

這有很大的不同，我的意思是，它簡單 1 萬倍。

This can be used in agriculture, where you can change any plant or animal; (it) can be used to eliminate invasive species.

這可以用在農業上，你可以改變任何植物或動物，它也可以被用來消滅入侵物種。

What's most exciting about CRISPR is our ability to alter longstanding epidemics like malaria and HIV.

CRISPR 最令人興奮的是，我們能夠改變長期存在的傳染病，例如瘧疾和愛滋病。

And that could potentially save millions of lives.

而那可能拯救數百萬條人命。

So, here, we grow human cells, elephant cells; we could do cloning procedures.

我們會在這裡培養人類、大象細胞，我們可以進行複製程序。

It turns out that you can make pretty big things by tweaking small strands of DNA.

事實證明，你可以透過微調小型 DNA 鏈達成頗大的改變。

By making changes to the DNA of the Asian elephant, researchers in Church's lab are working to bring the woolly mammoth back to life.

透過變更亞洲象的 DNA，Church 實驗室中的研究人員正致力於讓真猛瑪象復活。

The difference between a woolly mammoth and Asian elephant is actually quite subtle.

真猛瑪象與亞洲象之間的差異其實很細微。

When am I gonna see a woolly mammoth in Jurassic Park?

我什麼時候會在侏羅紀公園看到真猛瑪象？

Right, so, an actual full woolly mammoth, I think, is still a few years down the road.

我認為要出現真正的真猛瑪象還需要幾年的時間。

We can just change one gene, and then the next gene, and then, soon, we have thousands of genes that are changed.

我們只能一個一個地改變基因，很快地就會有變更過的數千組基因。

The elephant cell will have the exact same DNA sequence as the woolly mammoth cell.

屆時，大象細胞將擁有與真猛瑪象細胞一模一樣的 DNA 序列。

Paint this picture of what the future looks like as a result of CRISPR in your eyes.

請描繪一下借助 CRISPR 後，你眼中的未來樣貌。

I suppose the wildest description would be that you have some 150-year-old people that look like they're 20-year-old riding on a mammoth; is that wild enough?

我想，最瘋狂的描述會是有 150 歲但看起來像 20 歲的人騎著真猛瑪象，這個畫面夠異想天開嗎？

But CRISPR is not without controversy.

但是 CRISPR 並非沒有爭議。

If you can make a mammoth, consider what you can do with a person's DNA.

如果你可以孕育一頭真猛瑪象，想想你可以對人類 DNA 做什麼事。

For the first time, scientists in China used CRISPR to edit the genomes of human embryos.

史無前例地，中國科學家利用 CRISPR 編輯了人類胚胎的基因組。

People fear CRISPR could lead to designer babies; how do we prevent that from happening?

人們擔心 CRISPR 可能導致「設計嬰兒」的現象，我們該如何避免那件事發生？

We shouldn't be playing, we should be engineering, and I think that's what we are doing.

我們不應該玩弄，而是該進行工程設計，我想那正是我們在做的。

Where do you think the moral and ethical boundary is?

你認為道德、論理的邊界在哪裡？

Safety; I think safety is number one.

安全，我認為安全是首要考量。

Just like any new technology or new drug, we should try to make it as safe as possible.

正如同任何新科技或藥品，我們應該盡可能地讓它安全。

If we don't do anything, then people are definitely gonna die of malaria next year.

如果我們什麼都不做，那人民明年必定死於瘧疾。

A lot of people are gonna die of HIV if we don't do something.

如果我們不有所作為，會有很多人因為愛滋病而死。

If we focus on why it's useful, then that changes the conversation to, you know, what's the alternative?

如果我們專注於它有用的原因，那就會將對話改變成「替代方案是什麼」？

And for today's story getting a 10 out of 10, ice cream lovers that'll not be denied their treats.

今天 10 秒趣聞的主題是，熱愛冰淇淋的人不會吃不到喜愛的甜食。

This Dairy Queen in Moorhead, Minnesota opens every year on March 1st, no matter what the weather is.

位在明尼蘇達州穆爾黑德的冰雪皇后冰淇淋店每年的 3 月 1 日都會開門，無論天候狀況。

And if you've ever been to Minnesota in March, it is not warm and toasty.

如果你曾經在 3 月去過明尼蘇達州，氣候可不是溫暖、炎熱的。

These faithful fans lining up on opening day all bundled up, ready to dominate some dairy queen blizzards in all sorts of snow.

這些忠誠的客戶會在開張日穿著暖活地排隊，準備好在任何天氣狀況下，吃上冰雪皇后的霜淇淋。

I scream, you scream; we all scream for ice cream, no matter what the weather.

不管天起好壞，我們都一起為冰淇淋尖叫。

My favorite flavor is Oreo⏤well, at least for now.

我最喜歡的口味是奧利奧餅乾，至少目前是。

What's yours?

你的呢？

I wanna give a special shout-out to Springdale Middle School in Springdale, Arkansas⏤rise up.

我想特別向阿肯色州斯普林代爾的 Springdale 中學致意，挺身而起吧。

Also, for all the students out there, get you some teacher time this Tuesday.

另外要向所有學生傳達一個訊息，這週二跟老師們來點相處時間吧。

Go on and dap up your teacher; give them a handshake or high five.

去稱讚一下你的老師，跟他們握手致意或是擊個掌吧！

Let them know you appreciate them.

讓他們知道你的感激。

See you tomorrow, everyone; I'm Coy Wire, and we are CNN10.

各位明天見了，我是 Coy Wire、這是 CNN10 節目。