when they talk about trauma.

當他們談到創傷的時候。

But I like to say, somewhat unscientifically,

但我喜歡說，有點不科學的說法。

that for every soldier who gets PTSD in a war zone,

對於每一個在戰區獲得創傷後應激障礙的阿兵哥來說。

there's at least 30 children who get traumatized at home.

至少有30個孩子在家裡受到了創傷。

The big question for me continues to be

對我來說，最大的問題仍然是

how do you help kids in particular

你如何幫助特殊的孩子

who have been exposed to enormous amount of violence?

遭受過大量暴力的人？

How do you help these kids get

你如何幫助這些孩子獲得

a sense of self, a sense of agency,

一個自我意識，一個機構意識。

so they can make a life for themselves where they can learn,

是以，他們可以為自己創造一個可以學習的生活。

acquire skills, acquire competencies,

獲得技能，獲得能力。

so they become full-fledged human beings?

所以他們就成了正式的人？

But the data show is that the long-term effects

但數據顯示，長期的影響是

of child abuse and neglect is

虐待和忽視兒童的問題是

the biggest public health issue in America.

是美國最大的公共衛生問題。

One out of four kids get beaten very hard by their parents.

四個孩子中就有一個被父母打得很慘。

One out of eight kids see physical fights

八個孩子中就有一個看到了肢體打鬥

within their parents.

在他們的父母內。

When we started the work with inner city kids,

當我們開始與城市內的孩子一起工作時。

the amount of trauma that these kids experienced

這些孩子經歷了多少創傷

was just unspeakable.

是不可言喻的。

People have always noticed that people relive their trauma,

人們總是注意到，人們會重溫他們的創傷。

but usually people are not aware of it.

但通常人們沒有意識到這一點。

Kids are not aware that they're reliving

孩子們沒有意識到他們正在重溫

their having been beaten or witnessing domestic violence,

他們曾被毆打或目睹了家庭暴力。

and when they go to school,

以及他們上學的時候。

they react in a very angry and defiant way

他們的反應是非常憤怒和蔑視的方式

with their teachers.

與他們的老師。

With the kids we work with,

與我們一起工作的孩子。

we don't talk about the details of their trauma.

我們不談論他們創傷的細節。

The main thing we do is we created these conditions,

我們做的主要事情是我們創造了這些條件。

that frighten part of their brain

使他們大腦的一部分受到驚嚇

that tells me, "I'm in danger, people are going to hurt me,"

告訴我，"我有危險，人們會傷害我"。

gets deactivated by having to move together,

被停用，因為必須一起移動。

play basketball together, teach them martial arts.

一起打籃球，教他們國術。

They get a sense of being mutually reciprocally involved

他們得到了一種相互對等的參與感

with other people where they get a sense

與其他人在一起，他們會感覺到

of "Oh when I do that, you feel good about me,

的 "哦，當我這樣做的時候，你對我感覺很好。

when I do that, you feel bad about me and vice versa,

當我這樣做的時候，你就會對我感覺不好，反之亦然。

and we need to make each other feel good about each other."

而我們需要讓對方感覺到彼此的好。"

That issue of reciprocity and the cultivation of it is

這個互惠的問題和對它的培養是

a very big concept these days in the trauma world.

這幾天在創傷界是一個非常大的概念。

My greatest dream is that in every grade

我最大的夢想是，在每個年級

in every school, K through 12,

在每所學校，從幼兒園到12年級。

kids get taught every week about self-regulation;

孩子們每週都會接受有關自我調節的教育。

what we can do to calm ourselves down,

我們可以做什麼來使自己平靜下來。

what we can do to orient ourselves,

我們可以做什麼來確定自己的方向。

what we can do to have pleasure and evolve with other people

我們可以做什麼來獲得快樂並與其他人一起發展

to understand what happens in our brains,

以瞭解在我們的大腦中發生了什麼。

to experience what happens when you slow down your breathing

體驗一下當你放慢呼吸時會發生什麼

and you focus on the out-breath,

而你的注意力集中在呼氣上。

what happens when you toss a ball with people

與人拋球會發生什麼？

and you play volleyball with people or basketball,

和你一起打排球的人或籃球。

and the pleasure of finding your rhythm.

以及找到自己節奏的樂趣。

And that's what I would do as a core element

而這就是我想做的核心要素

of the curriculum in every school in America;

在美國每所學校的課程中。

reading, writing, arithmetic, and self-regulation,

閱讀、寫作、算術和自我調節。

and taking care of yourself should be

和照顧好自己應該是

one of the core things that every one of us learns.

我們每個人都要學習的核心內容之一。