Name: 鹹海發生了什麼？| 烏茲別克斯坦最嚴重災難的旅行 (What Happened to the Aral Sea? | Travel to Uzbekistan's Worst Disaster)
Uploaded: 2022-11-04T18:41:12.000Z
Duration: 18 min 1 s

我是亞歷克斯。  我是馬爾科。

And in this episode we'll be exploring one of the most unique places on earth:

而在這一集，我們將探索地球上最獨特的地方之一。

We've spent the last week traveling to the Silk Road cities of Uzbekistan,

上週，我們在烏茲別克斯坦的絲綢之路城市進行了旅行。

But now we're traveling to the northwestern corner of the country

但現在我們正在前往該國的西北角

to experience one of the worst ecological disasters on earth.

來經歷地球上最嚴重的生態災難之一。

The Aral Sea was once the fourth largest inland sea.

Now, it's a giant desert bed full of rusting ships and broken dreams.

現在，它是一個巨大的沙漠床，充滿了生鏽的船隻和破碎的夢想。

To find out, we're hopping in these trucks

為了找到答案，我們將跳上這些卡車

from Nukus all the way to the water's edge.

您正在觀看的是《流浪兄弟》（Vagabrothers）。

Well, we have been driving for essentially the entire day.

好吧，我們基本上已經開了一整天的車。

We drove to Nukus,  switched vehicles into 4x4 vehicles,

我們驅車前往努庫斯，將車輛換成4x4車。

而現在我們剛剛抵達莫伊納克。

This is essentially kind of the end of the road.

But we're staying at a little guest house.

and then go and take a look at the ship graveyard.

So we're sitting down to lunch right here.

所以我們就在這裡坐下來吃午飯。

We got some pickled food, some stew with lamb and potatoes and some tea.

我們得到了一些醃製的食物，一些燉羊肉和洋芋，還有一些茶。

that used to work in the fishing industry.

But like a lot of the local population, without that industry here,

但就像很多當地人一樣，如果這裡沒有這個產業。

We've been looking on Google Maps to just try

我們一直在谷歌地圖上尋找，只是想試試

to put into perspective where we are because

we're kind of at the convergence of all of the "stans."

我們正處於所有 "粉絲 "的匯合點。

But we're in a place that's called the Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan, which means

但我們在一個叫卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦自治共和國的地方，這意味著

這是很不可思議的，因為我們是

I'm standing now at what used to be the bottom of the Aral Sea.

我現在站在曾經是鹹海底部的地方。

but the mayor cleaned up the place and sold the rest for scrap metal.

但市長清理了這個地方，並將剩下的東西賣給了廢金屬。

So there's only about ten that remain right here.

because the water used to be going as far back as you can see,

因為水曾經一直流到你能看到的後面。

and now it's this kind of bizarre playground.

But to answer our question about how the Aral Sea disappeared in just a few decades,

但要回答我們關於鹹海是如何在短短几十年內消失的問題。

we have to start with a story of the American Civil War.

我們必須從美國南北戰爭的故事開始。

The story of how these ships became marooned 100 kilometers from the Aral Sea

這些船隻如何在距離鹹海100公里處擱淺的故事

the United States grew rich on cotton grown in the South,

美國依靠在南方種植的棉花而變得富有。

European textile industry for a very high price.

But when the American Civil War broke out,

and Europeans had to find a new supplier of cotton.

而歐洲人不得不尋找新的棉花供應商。

In step the Russian Czars who saw the perfect opportunity to fill the gap in the

俄國沙皇看到了完美的機會，填補了中國的空白。

market with their newly conquered lands in Central Asia,

他們在中亞新徵服的土地上的市場。

which could be perfect for growing cotton,

這可能是種植棉花的完美選擇。

if only they could get water into the desert.

如果他們能把水弄到沙漠裡就好了。

So they diverted some of the rivers flowing into the Aral Sea without too much of an impact on the environment.

是以，他們將一些流入鹹海的河流改道，沒有對環境造成太大影響。

Lenin advocated for turning the area into a self-sufficient cotton belt of the Soviet Union saying,

列寧主張將該地區變成蘇聯的自給自足的棉花帶，他說。

"Irrigation will do more to revive the area and regenerate it and make the transition to socialism more certain."

"灌溉將為該地區的復興和再生做更多工作，並使其更有把握地過渡到社會主義。"

而且這在一段時間內是有效的。

In the 1930s Uzbekistan was exporting cotton worldwide,

1930年代，烏茲別克斯坦向全世界出口棉花。

Tourists actually came and visited the beaches here, and

遊客們實際上是來參觀這裡的海灘的，而且

the Soviet Union was the world's leading cotton producer

蘇聯是世界上主要的棉花生產國

with over 70 percent of it coming from Uzbekistan,

其中70％以上來自烏茲別克斯坦。

irrigated by the rivers that flowed into the Aral Sea.

Then in the 1950s the Soviet government attempted an overly ambitious

然後在20世紀50年代，蘇聯政府嘗試了一個過於雄心勃勃的

irrigation project that tipped  the ecological scales too far.

灌溉項目使生態天平傾斜得太厲害。

the water levels here dropped 20 full meters

marooned and leaving the remaining seawater

By 1984 industry in the area had dried up, just like the lake,

到1984年，該地區的工業已經乾涸，就像湖泊一樣。

leaving Moynak and its fishing fleet a ghost town.

使莫伊納克和它的漁船隊成為一個鬼城。

It's just really hard to imagine that this was floating at one time

只是真的很難想象，這一度是漂浮在空中的。

and that where we're standing was a body of water.

而我們所站的地方是一個水體。

Well, now we have swung over to the museum,

好了，現在我們已經轉到了博物館。

So here behind me are some images from NASA that show how the sea has dried up over the years.

是以，在我身後有一些來自美國國家航空航天局的圖片，顯示了多年來海水乾涸的情況。

As you can see it not only shrinks in size, but also color.

正如你所看到的，它不僅尺寸縮小，而且顏色也縮小了。

It's actually a hundred thousand tons of salt that's been mixed up with all the chemicals and fertilizers and pesticides

這實際上是十萬噸鹽，與所有化學品、化肥和殺蟲劑混合在一起。

that they used in irrigating the cotton fields that have made it basically poisonous,

他們在灌溉棉田時使用的 "水"，使其基本上是有毒的。

It's been spread all the way around the world.

We are on a mission to get a bottle of vodka

我們的任務是獲得一瓶伏特加酒

and there's not a lot to do in ways of entertainment out here.

而且這裡沒有很多娛樂活動可做。

So vodka will have to check all the boxes.

是以，伏特加將必須滿足所有條件。

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鹹海發生了什麼？| 烏茲別克斯坦最嚴重災難的旅行 (What Happened to the Aral Sea? | Travel to Uzbekistan's Worst Disaster)

perspective

essentially

opportunity

situation