字幕列表 影片播放 由 AI 自動生成 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 - Every psychological experience has a biological correlate: - 每一種心理體驗都有一個生物學上的關聯。 these are two sides of the same coin. 這是同一枚硬幣的兩面。 You see the color green, 你看到的是綠色。 there's something happening in your brain 你的大腦中發生了一些事情 that's coding that experience of the color green. 那是對綠色的經驗進行編碼。 So, with psychedelics, 所以,用迷幻藥。 the biggest divide is whether we're talking about 最大的分歧是我們是否在談論 on the psychological side or the biological side. 在心理學方面或生物學方面。 Does it work by hitting these brain receptors 它是否通過打擊這些大腦受體而發揮作用? and then having other effects? 然後有其他影響? Or does it work because of the experience? 還是因為有了經驗才會成功? Clearly, there's this very real biological effect. 很明顯,有這種非常真實的生物效應。 Something dramatic happens to the brain 大腦發生了一些戲劇性的變化 when you put the psychedelic in the system, 當你把迷幻藥放入系統中時。 but then someone has this experience, 但後來有人有了這樣的經歷。 and when they change their life because of that, 以及當他們是以而改變他們的生活。 that ends up sounding more like 最後聽起來更像是 they went through a really good course of psychotherapy. 他們經歷了一個非常好的心理治療過程。 So, psychedelics are really interesting 所以,迷幻藥真的很有趣 at that bridge between the biological and the psychological. 在生物學和心理學之間的橋樑。 What 'psychedelic' means from its linguistic roots 從語言學的根源看 "迷幻 "的含義 is "mind manifesting." 是 "心靈的表現"。 The idea that these are mind manifesting- that's consistent with this other notion 這與另一個概念是一致的 that these are non-specific amplifiers. 這些是非特異性的放大器。 In other words, 換句話說。 you could have a euphoric experience. 你可以有一個欣喜的體驗。 You could have a hellish experience. 你可能會有一個地獄般的經歷。 Also, terminology is so difficult in this area. 另外,在這個領域,術語是如此困難。 Psychedelic can be used to refer 迷幻劑可以用來指代 to what are called the "classic psychedelic compounds": 到所謂的 "經典迷幻化合物"。 psilocybin, which is in magic mushrooms, 迷迭香,它存在於神奇的蘑菇中。 LSD, LSD。 DMT, which is in ayahuasca, DMT,它在死藤水中。 mescaline, which is in peyote. 麥司卡林,它存在於佩奧特。 Those are the classic psychedelics. 這些是經典的迷幻藥。 They affect a particular type of serotonin receptor 它們影響一種特定類型的5-羥色胺受體 and that's their primary mechanism of action. 而這是它們的主要作用機制。 But then you have other drugs 但隨後你還有其他藥物 that I think it's appropriate to call them psychedelic; 我認為稱他們為迷幻的人是合適的。 other scientists will disagree. 其他科學家會有不同意見。 So for example, MDMA will work by releasing serotonin. 是以,例如,MDMA將通過釋放5-羥色胺而發揮作用。 So, that's a different mechanism. 是以,這是一個不同的機制。 And you have other drugs such as ketamine and PCP. 而且你還有其他藥物,如氯胺酮和五氯苯酚。 So, that affects the glutamate system 是以,這影響了穀氨酸系統 in the brain primarily rather than the serotonin system. 主要在大腦中,而不是在5-羥色胺系統中。 So, what does psychedelic mean then 那麼,迷幻是什麼意思呢? if it refers to multiple pharmacological classes of drugs 如果是指多種藥理類別的藥物 that work in different ways? 以不同的方式工作? And the answer for me is that these are all drugs 而我的答案是,這些都是毒品 that can have a profound effect on one's sense of reality, 這可以對一個人的現實感產生深遠的影響。 including one's sense of self. 包括一個人的自我意識。 The huge question that's always thrown out is: 總是被拋出的巨大問題是。 'How do these psychedelics work?' '這些迷幻藥是如何工作的? And you can just come at that from so many different angles. 你可以從許多不同的角度來看待這個問題。 Now to go down that biological path, 現在要走的是那條生物道路。 what's happening? 發生了什麼事? There's a lot going on. 有很多事情發生。 For example, psilocybin, 例如,迷迭香。 which people may know is the active agent 人們可能知道它是活性物質 in so-called "magic mushrooms." 在所謂的 "神奇的蘑菇"。 Once it's circulating through your blood, 一旦它在你的血液中循環。 after you've eaten some of it, 在你吃了一些之後。 it actually converts to a related compound called psilocin, 它實際上會轉化為一種相關的化合物,稱為西洛因。 which is the thing that's actually hitting 這是在實際打擊中的事情 the brain receptors. 大腦受體。 And it activates a subtype of serotonin receptor. 而且它能激活5-羥色胺受體的一個亞型。 So, we have lots 是以,我們有很多 of different types of serotonin receptors in our brain. 我們大腦中不同類型的5-羥色胺受體。 One is called the 'serotonin 2A' receptor, 其中一個被稱為 "5-羥色胺2A "受體。 and psilocybin and the other classic psychedelics, 和迷幻藥以及其他經典的迷幻藥。 can latch onto that 可以抓住這一點 the same way that our serotonin latches 與我們的血清素鎖住的方式相同 onto these brain receptors. 在這些大腦受體上。 So, psilocybin affects serotonin, 所以,迷幻藥會影響血清素。 but then serotonin affects the glutamate system. 但隨後5-羥色胺影響穀氨酸系統。 And then at another level, 然後在另一個層面。 you have this massive increase in communication, 你有這種大量增加的溝通。 across these different silos in the brain. 跨越大腦中這些不同的筒倉。 That is probably an important level of analysis 這可能是一個重要的分析層次 that is underlying at the psychological level: 這是在心理層面上的基礎。 patients who have claims of insight viewing themselves 聲稱對自己有洞察力的病人 from a radically different perspective, 從一個完全不同的角度來看。 from a different lens, 從不同的角度看。 and based on animal research, 並以動物研究為基礎。 there also seems like there may be 似乎也有可能存在著 increased 'neuroplasticity' 增加 "神經可塑性 in the system so that in the days following 在系統中,以便在隨後的日子裡 the psychedelic experience, 迷幻的體驗。 people are more primed to learn new things. 人們更願意學習新事物。 There's a greater ability to establish a new 有更大的能力來建立一個新的 and more optimal normal state. 和更理想的正常狀態。 So, there's seemed 是以,似乎有 to really be something important about 真正重要的事情是關於 'the nature of the experience' '經驗的性質' that people have during these sessions. 人們在這些會議期間有。 It's not just about hitting a certain type 這不僅僅是要打出某種類型的 of serotonin receptor in the brain. 的5-羥色胺受體在大腦中。 There's something about the psychology 有一些關於心理學的東西 of the experience that unfolds 展開的經驗中 during that session that tends to be important- 在該會議期間,往往是重要的 -- which is in some sense 這在某種意義上是 what makes the psilocybin treatments, 是什麼讓迷幻藥的治療。 a bit more like psychotherapy 有點像心理治療 than traditional psychiatric medications 比傳統的精神藥物更有效 where you just take the pill and you forget it. 你只需服用藥片就可以忘記它。 There's some interacting reasons 有一些互動的原因 why the psychedelic renaissance is happening now. 為什麼迷幻文藝復興現在正在發生。 Our society has been in a mental health crisis, 我們的社會一直處於心理健康危機之中。 and it's been stagnating. 而且一直在停滯不前。 Pharmaceutical companies don't make the investments 製藥公司不做投資 in new mental healthcare treatments, 在新的精神保健治療中。 like they did decades ago. 就像他們幾十年前那樣。 I mean, the best medical treatments 我的意思是,最好的醫療手段 that we have for many addictions, 我們對許多成癮的人都有這樣的想法。 are substitution treatments, 是替代性處理。 also known as 'agonist treatments.' 也被稱為'激動劑治療'。 And I think these are good, 而且我認為這些都很好。 but when you don't see success, 但當你沒有看到成功。 I would say it's probably 'cause they fail 我想說這可能是由於他們失敗了 to get to the roots of these mental disorders, 以找到這些精神障礙的根源。 including addiction. 包括成癮。 That's why I think psychedelics have been so successful. 這就是我認為迷幻藥如此成功的原因。 Nothing is gonna be a miracle cure for everyone- 沒有什麼能成為治療所有人的奇蹟------。 nonetheless, they have so much promise, 然而,他們有如此多的希望。 and we have to have that balance. 而我們必須要有這種平衡。 I think that's more possible today. 我認為這在今天更有可能。 - Get smarter, faster - 更加智能,更加快速 with videos from the world's biggest thinkers. 伴隨著世界上最大的思想家的視頻。 To learn even more from the world's biggest thinkers, 要從世界上最大的思想家那裡學到更多東西。 get Big Think+ for your business. 為您的企業獲得Big Think+。
B1 中級 中文 迷幻藥 受體 大腦 藥物 影響 生物學 迷幻藥的工作原理,6分鐘內解釋清楚|馬修-約翰遜 (How psychedelics work, explained in under 6 minutes | Matthew Johnson) 10 0 Summer 發佈於 2022 年 11 月 01 日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字