Yeah, what if maybe it does, Maybe it did with your brain.

是的，如果也許它確實如此，也許它與你的大腦一樣。

Hi, I'm Michael Pollan, author of this is your mind on plants.

你好，我是邁克爾-波倫，《這是你對植物的看法》的作者。

Today, I'm here to answer your questions on twitter.

今天，我在這裡回答你在微博上的問題。

This is psychedelic support at Alfred Romero asks how does LSD work?

這是迷幻支持在阿爾弗雷德-羅梅羅問LSD是如何工作的？

It's a great question and we know part of the answer, but not the whole thing.

這是一個很好的問題，我們知道部分的答案，但不是全部。

LSD is a molecule that is shaped a lot like serotonin.

LSD是一種分子，其形狀很像5-羥色胺。

Serotonin is a very important neurotransmitter involved with mood and a whole lot of other things.

羥色胺是一種非常重要的神經遞質，涉及情緒和一大堆其他事情。

There are receptors in your brain that are configured to receive serotonin.

在你的大腦中有一些受體被配置為接收血清素。

And as it happens, the LSD molecule fits into those receptors even more tightly or perfectly than serotonin itself.

而恰好，LSD分子與這些受體的配合甚至比5-羥色胺本身更緊密或更完美。

That's one of the reasons that LSD lasts so long because it just fits so snugly into that receptor, It is an agonist.

這就是LSD持續時間如此之長的原因之一，因為它非常貼合受體，它是一種激動劑。

In other words, it makes that receptor do something rather than inhibit from doing something.

換句話說，它使該受體做一些事情而不是抑制做一些事情。

But beyond that we don't really no, there's a cascade of effects from the time we've activated those receptors to the changes in perception and consciousness that people experience.

但除此之外，我們並不真正瞭解，從我們激活這些受體到人們經歷的感知和意識的變化，有一連串的影響。

You would be amazed how little we understand about how the brain works at carbon buns.

你會驚訝於我們對大腦如何在碳包中工作了解得如此之少。

I'm never going to try LSD.

我永遠不會去嘗試LSD。

What if it triggers some freak reaction and erases my memories are completely rewrites my brain.

如果它引發了一些怪異的反應，抹去了我的記憶，完全改寫了我的大腦，那怎麼辦？

I don't know of any cases where that has actually happened.

我不知道這是否真的發生過任何案例。

There are certainly people who have had psychotic breaks on a psychedelic, Many experiences can lead, can trigger schizophrenia, but psychedelics are one of them.

當然也有一些人在服用迷幻藥後出現了精神錯亂，許多經歷可以導致，可以觸發精神分裂症，但迷幻藥是其中之一。

So the fear of going crazy is definitely out there and it's why many people avoid psychedelics.

是以，對發瘋的恐懼肯定是存在的，這也是許多人避免服用迷幻藥的原因。

It doesn't happen very often, but if it happens once, that's a big problem at Angel Core three asks how do I avoid having a bad trip in the research trials that have been going on for the last couple of years?

這種情況並不經常發生，但如果發生一次，那就是一個大問題，在天使核心三問，在過去幾年的研究試驗中，我如何避免出現糟糕的旅行？

They will give you some really helpful advice.

他們會給你一些真正有用的建議。

They call them the flight instructions.

他們把它們稱為飛行指令。

This is what they tell you before your trip begins.

這是他們在你的旅行開始前告訴你的。

If you feel like you're going crazy, dying, melting, dissolving, don't fight it, go with it, surrender, relax your mind and float downstream as john Lennon famously said even with that good advice, there are scary things that may happen.

如果你覺得自己要瘋了，要死了，要融化了，要溶解了，不要反抗，順其自然，投降，放鬆心態，順水漂流，就像約翰-列儂的名言一樣，即使有這樣的好建議，也有可能發生可怕的事情。

You may confront dark things about yourself, you may confront trauma and I think people have to understand going in that that's part of the deal and that's why I guided experience is so important, that there's somebody with you to hold your hand through those hard times.

你可能會面對自己的黑暗事情，你可能會面對創傷，我認為人們必須明白，這是交易的一部分，這就是為什麼我引導的經驗是如此重要，有一個人和你一起度過這些困難時期。

And even more important that there's someone to talk it through afterwards, help you process it, interpret it at I ain't no whiz kid asks, what is ego, death and why do you all want it so bad.

更重要的是，事後有個人來討論，幫助你處理它，解釋它，在我不是奇才的時候問，什麼是自我，死亡，為什麼你們都這麼想要它。

So echo death is the experience that some people have on a high dose of psychedelics where they feel their sense of self absolutely crumble.

是以，呼應死亡是一些人在服用高劑量迷幻藥後的體驗，他們感到自我意識絕對崩潰了。

I had an experience once myself where I saw myself and I know this sounds weird because who's doing the seeing explode in a cloud of post it notes that then can't fell to the ground and spread out in this coat of blue paint.

我自己也有過一次經歷，我看到自己，我知道這聽起來很奇怪，因為是誰在看，在一團便條中爆炸，然後不能落到地上，在這層藍色油漆中散開。

And I looked and I said that's me.

我看了看，我說那就是我。

The reason this is appealing is if you accept it, if you surrender to it, the feeling can be quite ecstatic because after the walls of the ego come down you have this sense of merging with the cosmos or with nature or with other people.

這之所以吸引人，是因為如果你接受它，如果你屈服於它，這種感覺可能相當狂喜，因為在自我的牆壁倒塌之後，你有這種與宇宙或自然或其他人融合的感覺。

After.

之後。

I did describe this in my book How to change your mind.

我在《如何改變你的思想》一書中確實描述了這一點。

I heard from underground guides that everybody was asking for ego, death.

我從地下導遊那裡聽說，每個人都在要求自我，要求死亡。

It doesn't always happen, but when it does it's it's one of the more interesting life experiences you can have at Madame Alexa 10 asks serious question.

它並不總是發生，但當它發生時，它是你在亞歷克薩夫人10問嚴肅的問題時能有的更有趣的生活經歷之一。

How does micro dozing work?

微型打瞌睡的工作原理是什麼？

How often do you do it?

你多長時間做一次？

And around how much so micro dosing is the practice of using tiny doses of psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin, essentially 1/10 of what would be a normal dose.

而圍繞著多少，所以微劑量是指使用極小劑量的迷幻藥，如LSD或迷幻藥，基本上是正常劑量的1/10的做法。

You're not supposed to feel it.

你不應該感覺到它。

It's just kind of sub perceptual and many people believe that that it improves their well being, their productivity, their creativity.

這只是一種次要的感知，許多人認為這能提高他們的健康，他們的生產力，他們的創造力。

But it's important to state that we really have no idea if this is true.

但必須說明的是，我們真的不知道這是否是真的。

The placebo effect is very powerful with all drugs and it's particularly powerful in the case of psychedelics which we impute so much magic and power to at ships worth Bentley asks why does D.

安慰劑效應在所有藥物中都是非常強大的，在迷幻藥的情況下尤其強大，我們把這麼多的魔力和力量歸結到船上，值得本特利問一下，為什麼D。

M.

M.

T.

T.

Cause geometric hallucinations as opposed to acid or shrooms which were a bit more subtle and flowy, timothy leary spoke a lot about set and setting.

導致幾何幻覺，而不是酸或蘑菇，後者更微妙和流暢一些，蒂莫西-利裡談到了很多關於佈景和設置的問題。

Set Is your expectations going into a psychedelic experience.

設定你的期望，進入迷幻體驗。

Setting is the physical setting you're in.

設置是指你所處的物理環境。

So on.

如此下去。

Ayahuasca which we associate with the amazon in the jungle.

死藤水，我們把它與叢林中的亞馬遜聯繫起來。

People are constantly seeing cobra's and panthers and and things like that.

人們不斷看到眼鏡蛇和豹子以及諸如此類的東西。

I tend to think it's not the medicine or the drug so much as the expectation that our experiences really shaped by what we expect to see.

我傾向於認為這不是藥品或藥物的問題，而是期望我們的經驗真的被我們期望看到的東西所塑造。

And if you have an organic drug like magic mushrooms then the imagery is probably going to be much more natural than if you have a synthetic drug where people tend to see more geometry and human created shapes.

如果你有像魔幻蘑菇這樣的有機藥物，那麼影像可能會比你有合成藥物更自然，在那裡人們往往看到更多的幾何圖形和人類創造的形狀。

But I have to say it's probably all in your head at kelly rec asks how does hashtag LSD affect those with hashtag schizophrenia?

但我不得不說，這可能都是你的想法，在kelly rec問，標籤LSD對標籤精神分裂症患者有什麼影響？

Well in general it's not advisable if you have schizophrenia to take a psychedelic.

一般來說，如果你有精神分裂症，不建議服用迷幻藥。

And in the current research people at any risk for schizophrenia are excluded the thinking being that it would make your condition worse.

而在目前的研究中，有任何精神分裂症風險的人都被排除在外，他們的想法是，這將使你的病情惡化。

But nobody really knows for sure.

但沒有人真正知道。

In general though, psychedelics introduce a certain amount of entropy or chaos into mental funk.

不過一般來說，迷幻藥會在精神樂虎國際手機客戶端中引入一定程度的熵或混沌。

That is very valuable if you're locked in with an addiction or obsessive thinking or depression all of which are the products of very rigid fixed thought.

如果你被鎖在癮君子或強迫性思維或抑鬱症中，這是非常有價值的，所有這些都是非常僵化的固定思維的產物。

On the other side of the spectrum though, you have people with schizophrenia whose brains are already heavily disordered and they probably don't need any more disorder.

但在光譜的另一邊，你有精神分裂症患者，他們的大腦已經嚴重紊亂，他們可能不需要任何更多的紊亂。

That at least is one theory.

這至少是一種理論。

But there's a lot more research to be done in this area at Jacked You 31248551 asks how do psychedelics help anxiety, they make you forget.

但是在這個領域還有很多研究要做，在Jacked You 31248551問道，迷幻藥如何幫助焦慮，它們讓你忘記。

WTF.

WTF。

So one of the most promising and and moving uses of psychedelics beginning in the fifties and sixties and continuing recently has been in giving them psilocybin specifically to cancer patients.

是以，從五十年代和六十年代開始，迷幻藥最有前途和最令人感動的用途之一，最近還在繼續，就是專門給癌症患者服用迷幻藥。

And I've interviewed many of these people and they have the most moving stories to tell about how a single experience on psilocybin allowed them to confront their mortality, confront their cancer in many cases, and it actually lifted their fear completely removed the anxiety they felt about the prospect of death allowing them to die with peace and equanimity and what a gift this is.

我採訪過許多這樣的人，他們有最感人的故事要講，關於迷幻藥的一次體驗如何讓他們面對他們的死亡，在許多情況下面對他們的癌症，它實際上解除了他們的恐懼，完全消除了他們對死亡前景的焦慮，使他們能夠平靜和平靜地死去，這是多麼好的禮物。

We have so little to offer people in that situation.

在這種情況下，我們能提供給人們的東西太少了。

You know, normally we give them morphine to deal with pain or dull their experience of things here, something that sharpens their experience, helps them explore their predicament.

你知道，通常我們給他們服用嗎啡來處理疼痛或使他們對這裡的事物的體驗變得遲鈍，一些東西可以使他們的體驗變得尖銳，幫助他們探索他們的困境。

And for reasons we don't totally understand, reconciles many of them to death at HD South africa asks can hashtag ayahuasca treat substance, hashtag addiction, I'm researching firsthand, there's been some research done in brazil to test Ayahuasca as a treatment for depression.

而由於我們不完全瞭解的原因，使他們中的許多人在高清南非詢問死藤水能否治療物質，死藤水成癮，我正在研究第一手資料，在巴西有一些研究，測試死藤水作為治療抑鬱症的方法。

But I don't know of work specifically with addiction.

但我不知道有專門針對成癮的工作。

That said most of the psychedelics appear to be helpful in treating addiction.

這就是說，大多數迷幻藥似乎對治療成癮有幫助。

And so there's some reason to believe that it might work.

是以，有一些理由相信它可能會起作用。

Let's see what you find out.

讓我們看看你發現了什麼。

HD South Africa at drug body asks anyone have experience with D.

南非高清公司在藥物機構問任何人都有D的經驗。

M.

M.

T.

T.

Entities.

實體。

So this is a very curious phenomenon of the D.

是以，這是一個非常奇怪的D類現象。

M.

M.

T.

T.

Experience specifically, many people report that they see these little elf like creatures.

具體的經驗是，許多人報告說他們看到這些小精靈一樣的生物。

Sometimes they're called machine elves or just elves and they're very friendly and there little and they're very welcoming and it's one of the more kind of common bits of imagery on this particular psychedelic.

有時他們被稱為機器精靈或只是精靈，他們非常友好，有小，他們非常受歡迎，這是這種特殊的迷幻藥上比較常見的一種意象。

Terence McKenna, who was kind of a philosopher of psychedelics a few decades ago popularized the notion to test this idea.

特倫斯-麥肯納（Terence McKenna），幾十年前是一種迷幻藥的哲學家，他普及了這個概念來測試這個想法。

It would be important to find a population of people who have never heard this theory of machine elves give them D.

重要的是找到一個從未聽說過機器精靈這一理論的人群，給他們D。

M.

M.

T.

T.

And see if they see them and if they do well.

並看看他們是否看到了這些東西，是否做得很好。

That'll be really weird.

這將是非常奇怪的。

At eight A.

在八A。

Eight N.

八個N。

Eight G.

八個G。

Asks how are psychedelics medically used for addiction therapy?

問：迷幻藥在醫學上是如何用於成癮治療的？

Yet there a Schedule one drug make it make sense?

然而，有一個附表一的藥物使它有意義？

Well it doesn't entirely make sense.

嗯，這並不完全有意義。

A Schedule One drug is is a category in the federal drug laws that means that a drug has no accepted medical use.

附表一藥物是聯邦藥物法中的一個類別，意味著該藥物沒有公認的醫療用途。

And this is where psychedelics all lie at the same time.

而這正是迷幻藥同時存在的地方。

This recent Renaissance of research into using psychedelic compounds as a medicine has discovered that psilocybin in particular can help people break addictions.

最近對使用迷幻化合物作為藥物的研究的文藝復興時期發現，特別是迷幻藥可以幫助人們打破成癮。

It's been tried with alcoholics.

這在酗酒者身上已經試過了。

It's been tried with cigarette addicts and it's been tried on cocaine addicts and it seems quite successful.

它已經在香菸成癮者身上試過了，也在可卡因成癮者身上試過了，似乎相當成功。

More than 50% of the people who tried psilocybin therapy gave up their cigarette habit.

50%以上嘗試過迷幻藥治療的人都放棄了煙癮。

As one researcher put it to me, psychedelic shake the snow globe in your brain and when the snow resettles it settles in a very different pattern, allowing you to break your patterns.

正如一位研究人員對我說的那樣，迷幻劑會搖動你大腦中的雪球，當雪重新沉澱時，會以一種非常不同的模式沉澱，讓你打破你的模式。

At brody supreme asks imagine the first person who did LSD they were probably going insane.

在布羅迪最高問想象第一個做LSD的人，他們可能要瘋了。

Well brody Supreme that first person was Albert Hoffman a chemist in Switzerland and he was working with a fungus called ergot that grows on a grain.

好吧，布羅迪-斯威特，第一個人是阿爾伯特-霍夫曼，他是瑞士的一名化學家，他正在研究一種叫做麥角的真菌，它生長在穀物上。

So Albert Hoffman's job was to look at all the chemicals and air got and go through them.

是以，阿爾伯特-霍夫曼的工作是查看所有的化學品和空氣得到，並通過它們。

One by one, tweaking them to see if he could find a useful drug.

一個接一個地調整它們，看他是否能找到有用的藥物。

LSD 25 was the 25th and he accidentally got a little bit on his fingers and felt very funny and realized he had a psychoactive substance.

LSD 25號是25號，他不小心在手指上沾了一點，感覺非常有趣，並意識到他有一種精神活性物質。

And that's when he decided to take a big dose and he did think he was going nuts.

就在這時，他決定服用大劑量的藥物，他確實認為自己要瘋了。

As the effects began to subside.

隨著影響開始消退。

He realized he wasn't going crazy and stepped out into his garden and felt the beauty of it.

他意識到自己並沒有發瘋，於是走到自己的花園裡，感受著花園的美麗。

But it began with the conviction he was insane at Herc Svenja boy do blind people trip on LSD great question.

但這是以他在赫克-斯文亞男孩的信念開始的，他是個瘋子，盲人會不會服用LSD的偉大問題。

I have no idea but somebody should ask them at Rebel Poet six ask why is psilocybin, D.

我不知道，但應該有人問他們在反叛詩人六問為什麼是迷幻藥，D。

M.

M.

T.

T.

L.

L.

S.

S.

D.

D.

And M.

和M.

D.

D.

M.

M.

A.

A.

Being so thoroughly studied but not peyote.

被如此徹底地研究，但不是佩奧特。

Could it be because peyote isn't so easily monetized?

會不會是因為佩奧特沒有那麼容易被貨幣化？

Why aren't we studying the efficacy of ceremonial versus therapeutic use?

為什麼我們不研究儀式性使用與治療性使用的功效？

So peyote is a cactus that grows in southern texas in a very small band of land.

所以佩奧特是一種仙人掌，生長在德克薩斯州南部的一個非常小的地帶。

It contains mescaline, which is a powerful psychedelic.

它含有麥司卡林，這是一種強大的迷幻劑。

Peyote is used by native americans in their religious observances in their healing ceremonies.

佩奧特（Peyote）被美洲原住民用於他們的宗教儀式中的治療儀式。

It's so precious and in such short supply.

它是如此珍貴而又如此短缺。

The more peyote we used in research, the less there would be for native americans.

我們在研究中使用的佩奧特（Peyote）越多，原住民的數量就越少。

And you know, it seems to me we've taken enough from native americans and if we want to do this research, concentrate on mescal in the synthetic version of the chemical produced by Peyote.

而且你知道，在我看來，我們已經從美洲原住民那裡拿走了足夠多的東西，如果我們想做這項研究，請集中研究佩奧特（Peyote）生產的化學合成版本中的麥斯卡爾。

Now, Mescaline has challenges in a research context.

現在，梅斯卡林在研究方面存在著挑戰。

The big one is It lasts a really long time.

最重要的一點是，它可以持續很長時間。

Like 14 hours.

像14個小時。

You will be done with mescaline before mescaline is done with you.

在麥司卡林與你結束之前，你就會與麥司卡林結束。

So it's a lot of therapeutic time, a lot of therapeutic support.

是以，這是大量的治療時間，大量的治療支持。

It just may not be practical.

只是這可能不切實際。

Would it be valuable.

會不會有價值。

It could be because mescal in unlike other psychedelics doesn't take you to another dimension.

這可能是因為麥斯卡爾與其他迷幻藥不同，不會把你帶到另一個空間。

It really anchors you here but more deeply here and now than you've ever felt.

它真的把你固定在這裡，但比你曾經感受過的更深地固定在這裡和現在。

It also is a drug that you can talk on and engage with other people.

它也是一種你可以在上面交談並與其他人接觸的藥物。

It has some of the qualities of M.

它具有M的一些特質。

D.

D.

M.

M.

A.

A.

Or ecstasy which is very relational drugs.

或者搖頭丸，這是非常有關係的毒品。

So I could imagine it being used in group therapy at Jesus.

所以我可以想象它在耶穌的團體治療中被使用。

The RAM asks could LSD be used as a wound antiseptic doesn't seem like a good idea.

RAM問能否將LSD用作傷口防腐劑，這似乎不是一個好主意。

I mean if that LSD gets in the bloodstream you're going to have you know you're gonna have a trip.

我的意思是，如果LSD進入血液，你就會有......你知道你會有一次旅行。

I would not advise using LSD as a first date at gator Neil JR asks didn't Cary Grant's doctor prescribed him LSD for depression.

我不建議使用LSD作為第一次約會的Gator Neil JR問，Cary Grant的醫生不是給他開了LSD治療抑鬱症嗎？

I remember reading he once told a friend that it was the best thing he ever did in his entire life.

我記得讀到他曾經告訴一個朋友，這是他一生中做過的最好的事情。

Well it's true.

嗯，這是真的。

Cary Grant received psychedelic therapy in Los Angeles in the late fifties he had many sessions and he claimed that it was absolutely liberating at AOC tweets.

加里-格蘭特在五十年代末在洛杉磯接受了迷幻療法，他有很多療程，他聲稱在澳客網推特上，這絕對是一種解放。

It is ridiculous that Congress upholds war on drugs are barriers on federal research into substances like psilocybin.

國會堅持對毒品的戰爭是對聯邦研究迷幻藥等物質的障礙，這是荒謬的。

Ibogaine an M.

Ibogaine an M.

D.

D.

M.

M.

A.

A.

When early results are indicating major promise in treating PTSD addiction and more.

當早期結果表明在治療創傷後應激障礙成癮和更多方面有重大希望。

I'm trying again to lift them so we can pursue the science.

我再次嘗試解除他們，以便我們能夠追求科學。

The research itself is not being stopped because of the drug war.

研究本身並沒有因為毒品戰爭而被停止。

The F.

的F。

D.

D.

A.

A.

And the D.

和D。

E.

E.

A.

A.

Has approved these university research trials.

已準許這些大學研究試驗。

The barriers right now are two federal money being used to support this research so far.

現在的障礙是到目前為止有兩個聯邦資金被用來支持這項研究。

With one small exception NIH money has not been available for psychedelic research.

除了一個小的例外，NIH的資金沒有用於迷幻藥的研究。

It's just considered too controversial.

它只是被認為太有爭議性。

So all the amazing research that's been done to look at the potential of psilocybin and M.

是以，所有已經完成的令人驚奇的研究都是為了考察迷幻藥和M.的潛力。

D.

D.

M.

M.

A.

A.

To treat trauma, to treat addiction to to depression has all been done using private money, private philanthropy.

治療創傷，治療成癮，治療抑鬱症，都是用私人的錢，私人的慈善事業來完成。

But really if the research is going to gain legitimacy and scale up as it needs to, the NIH is going to need to step in and anything politicians can do to encourage that is I think really, really helpful.

但實際上，如果研究要獲得合法性並按需要擴大規模，NIH將需要介入，而政治家們能夠做的任何鼓勵工作，我認為都非常非常有幫助。

The one exception I alluded to is there is an N.

我暗指的一個例外是有一個N。

I.

I.

M.

M.

H.

H.

Grant that was given to some In a laboratory at Yale who was studying psilocybin as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder.

在耶魯大學的一個實驗室裡，有人研究將迷幻藥作為強迫症的治療方法，獲得了資助。

So this may represent a crack in the wall and a new opening toward federal support for psychedelic research, which is really overdue.