And this is everything that goes into making it.

而這是製作過程中的一切。

Welcome to "Fast Food Chemistry."

歡迎來到 "快餐化學"。

I wanted to know just what goes into

我想知道，到底是什麼原因導致了

the most popular pizza on the planet.

是地球上最受歡迎的比薩餅。

So I was able to get ahold of the 56 ingredients

是以，我能夠掌握56種成分。

that go into making one and build it myself.

我自己做了一個。

But don't try this at home.

但不要在家裡嘗試這樣做。

All right, we're back again

好了，我們又回來了

with another "Fast Food Chemistry,"

與另一個 "快餐化學"，"

and, honestly, I haven't watched any of this yet,

而且，說實話，我還沒有看這些東西。

but I kind of feel like

但我有點覺得

this one's gonna be a lot harder than the Big Mac,

這一次會比巨無霸難得多。

specifically because, to my knowledge --

特別是因為，據我所知 --

there's a fly in the studio --

工作室裡有一隻蒼蠅 --

to my knowledge,

據我所知。

the studio in New York does not have a pizza oven.

在紐約的工作室沒有比薩餅烤箱。

I've never worked at a Domino's,

我從未在多米諾餐廳工作過。

but I have worked at a few pizza places.

但我曾在一些比薩餅店工作過。

Good luck, Medha.

祝你好運，梅達。

This bottle is phosphoric acid.

這瓶是磷酸。

It's used as an acidifier

它被用作酸化劑

and a preservative that inhibits mold growth.

和一種抑制黴菌生長的防腐劑。

It's also commonly found in sugary sodas.

它也普遍存在於含糖蘇打水中。

We left an egg in the phosphoric acid for days,

我們把一個雞蛋放在磷酸裡好幾天。

and the result is this.

而結果是這樣的。

It looks like the shell has completely dissolved

看起來外殼已經完全溶解了

and what's left over is just the membrane of the egg.

而剩下的只是雞蛋的膜。

To illustrate what this stuff can do to your teeth,

為了說明這東西能對你的牙齒造成什麼影響。

we put a real wisdom tooth in phosphoric acid.

我們把一顆真正的智齒放在磷酸中。

After just a few days, the tooth completely dissolved.

僅僅幾天後，這顆牙齒就完全溶解了。

[record scratching]

[唱片刮擦聲]

Sorry, where are you guys getting teeth?

對不起，你們的牙齒是哪裡來的？

This is L-cysteine,

這就是L-半胱氨酸。

which recent studies have shown

其中最近的研究表明

could be effective in combating hangovers.

可以有效地對抗宿醉。

Can confirm, does work. It's great.

可以確認，確實有效。這很好。

The problem is you need to remember

問題是你需要記住

to take the L-cysteine while you're drinking.

喝酒時服用L-半胱氨酸。

Good luck with that.

祝你好運。

Then there's TBHQ, found in the garlic oil.

然後是TBHQ，在大蒜油中發現。

It's pretty dangerous,

這是很危險的。

and we couldn't get our hands on it.

而我們卻無法得到它。

Domino's pizza sauce contains:

多米諾的比薩醬含有。

tomato puree, which is water and tomato paste,

番茄泥，就是水和番茄醬。

sugar, salt, spices,

糖，鹽，香料。

garlic, soybean oil, and citric acid.

大蒜、大豆油和檸檬酸。

From that group of ingredients,

從這組成分中。

we don't really see anything surprising.

我們並沒有看到任何令人驚訝的事情。

The only, quote, unquote, "chemical" is citric acid,

唯一的，引用，不引用，"化學品 "是檸檬酸。

which is what gives citrus fruits

這是使柑橘類水果

their characteristic sour taste.

他們特有的酸味。

As a food additive,

作為一種食品添加劑。

it's the thing that makes sour candy like Warheads sour.

它是使彈頭等酸味糖果變酸的東西。

So it's probably a little more sour than you would expect.

所以它可能比你想象的更酸一點。

Do a little citric acid taste test.

做一個小小的檸檬酸味覺測試。

This is the citric acid.

這就是檸檬酸。

I don't even know how much is, like, too much.

我甚至不知道多少才是，比如，太多。

Oh!

哦!

That's too much!

這也太誇張了吧!

Ah!

啊!

Ah-ha! Yuck!

啊哈，討厭

Yo, a little goes a long way.

喲，一點就夠了。

Domino's hand-tossed dough contains:

多米諾的手拋麵糰含有。

enriched flour, which is wheat flour,

強化麵粉，也就是小麥粉。

iron, thiamine mononitrate, niacin,

鐵，單硝酸硫胺，煙酸。

riboflavin, folic acid,

核黃素，葉酸。

water, soybean oil,

水，大豆油。

and contains 2% or less of the following:

並含有2%或更少的下列成分。

[sped up] sugar, salt, whey, maltodextrin, dextrose,

[加快]糖，鹽，乳清，麥芽糊精，葡萄糖。

dough conditioners, which is sodium stearoyl lactylate,

麵糰改良劑，即硬脂酰乳酸鈉。

enzyme, calcium sulfate, ascorbic acid,

酶，硫酸鈣，抗壞血酸。

calcium phosphate, L-cysteine,

磷酸鈣，L-半胱氨酸。

yeast, and cornmeal, used in preparation.

酵母和玉米粉，用於製備。

Medha: The base of this dough is the same as most.

梅德哈。這個麵糰的基礎和大多數麵糰是一樣的。

It has enriched flour, sugar,

它有富餘的麵粉，糖。

salt, water, and yeast.

鹽，水，和酵母。

After that, the ingredients for the dough

之後，麵糰的材料

start to get interesting.

開始變得有趣了。

Maltodextrin and dextrose are both sweeteners,

麥芽糊精和葡萄糖都是甜味劑。

kind of like sugar.

有點像糖。

The dough conditioners are a few ingredients

麵糰調理劑有幾種成分

that create chemical reactions to do two things:

創造化學反應來做兩件事。

improve consistency and speed up the cooking process.

改善一致性並加快烹飪過程。

They are sodium stearoyl lactylate, aka SSL,

它們是硬脂酰乳酸鈉，又稱SSL。

an emulsifier that gives the dough a springier texture.

一種乳化劑，使麵糰的質地更加鬆軟。

You can think of, also, an emulsifier as a substance

你也可以認為，乳化劑是一種物質

that helps two otherwise incompatible substances,

這有助於兩個本來不相容的物質。

like oil and water, bind together.

像油和水一樣，結合在一起。

Amylase is the enzyme that's naturally found

澱粉酶是天然存在的酶

in your saliva to digest food.

在你的唾液中，用於消化食物。

Putting it in the dough does a similar thing.

把它放在麵糰中也有類似的作用。

It breaks down the sugars

它分解了糖類

and converts them to carbon dioxide,

並將其轉化為二氧化碳。

helping the dough rise.

幫助麵糰上升。

Finally, L-cysteine. This is a dough strengthener.

最後，L-半胱氨酸。這是一種麵糰強化劑。

The FDA categorizes L-cysteine as GRAS:

美國食品和藥物管理局將L-半胱氨酸歸類為GRAS。

generally recognized as safe.

普遍認為是安全的。

But they regulate that it can only make up

但他們規定，這隻能彌補

0.009% of the recipe,

佔配方的0.009%。

which is a little bit fishy.

這就有點可疑了。

L-cysteine can be typically made

L-半胱氨酸通常可以製成

from goose or duck feathers

由鵝或鴨的羽毛製成

and/or pig hairs and hooves.

和/或豬的毛和蹄子。

But Domino's says theirs is not animal-derived.

但多米諾公司說他們的產品不是來自動物。

Vegan L-cysteine is derived from E. coli.

素食L-半胱氨酸是從大腸桿菌中提取的。

Uh, what?

呃，什麼？

So the choice is L-cysteine from animals

是以，選擇的是來自動物的L-半胱氨酸

or L-cysteine from E. coli.

或大腸桿菌的L-半胱氨酸。

These doughs have finally risen.

這些麵糰終於上升了。

I can see what the ingredients are doing.

我可以看到這些成分在做什麼。

It's softer, and it's holding its shape.

它更柔軟了，而且保持著它的形狀。

It's a surprise to me that how

這讓我感到驚訝的是，如何

good it actually looks,

它實際上看起來很好。

considering it has all those chemicals,

考慮到它有所有這些化學品。

and I would assume that it was harder to put together,

而且我認為它更難拼湊。

so, yeah, so far so good.

所以，是的，到目前為止還不錯。

Domino's calls their cheese "Pizza Cheese," and it contains:

多米諾公司稱他們的奶酪為 "比薩奶酪"，其中包含。

part-skim mozzarella cheese,

部分脫脂馬蘇裡拉奶酪。

which is pasteurized milk, cultures, salt, enzymes,

這是經巴氏消毒的牛奶、培養物、鹽、酶。

modified food starch,

變性食品澱粉。

cellulose, added to prevent caking,

纖維素，加入以防止結塊。

nonfat milk, whey protein concentrate, natural flavors,

脫脂牛奶，濃縮乳清蛋白，天然香料。

sodium propionate, added as a preservative.

丙酸鈉，作為防腐劑加入。

All these enzymes in the cheese

奶酪中的所有這些酶

aren't the same as the enzyme in the dough.

與麵糰中的酶不一樣。

Instead, it's rennet,

相反，它是凝乳酶。

a substance use to separate milk into solid curds.

用來將牛奶分離成固體凝乳的一種物質。

Typically, rennet is made

通常情況下，凝乳酶是由

from the stomach lining of a ruminant mammal,

來自反芻哺乳動物的胃粘膜。

such as calves and buffalo.

如小牛和水牛。

But Domino's says that the rennet they use

但多米諾公司說，他們使用的凝乳劑

is not derived from animals,

並非來自於動物。

meaning their cheese is both vegetarian and halal.

這意味著他們的奶酪既是素食又是清真。

A little mozzarella ball, it's perfect.

一個小小的馬蘇裡拉奶酪球，它是完美的。

So, now that we've shredded our mozzarella cheese,

所以，現在我們已經把馬蘇裡拉奶酪切成絲。

we're gonna toss it in modified food starch and cellulose

我們要把它扔進改性食品澱粉和纖維素中。

to prevent it from caking together.

以防止它凝結在一起。

Cellulose is a dietary plant fiber,

纖維素是一種膳食植物纖維。

and one of the most common sources is wood pulp.

而最常見的來源之一是木漿。

The cheese that Domino's

多米諾的奶酪

and most other fast-food pizza places use

和其他大多數快餐比薩店使用的是

is low-moisture part-skim mozzarella.

是低水分的部分脫脂馬蘇裡拉奶酪。

The lower fat content means

脂肪含量較低意味著

it doesn't get as oily when it melts,

它融化後不會變得那麼油膩。

and the lower moisture content means

和較低的水分含量意味著

it melts more consistently.

它的融化更穩定。

I've got low-moisture mozzarella cheese right here

我這裡有低水分的馬蘇裡拉奶酪

alongside the fresh stuff.

與新鮮的東西放在一起。

Can I make it any clearer?

我還能說得更清楚嗎？

They're different.

他們是不同的。

This is definitely thicker, still really smooth.

這絕對是比較厚的，仍然非常光滑。

And this guy ...

而這個人...

Mm. Creamier, but also grittier.

嗯。更多的奶油，但也更多的砂礫。

Does that makes sense?

這有意義嗎？

Domino's ingredients are thorough enough

多米諾的成分足夠徹底

that they even include their pan spray.

他們甚至包括他們的平底鍋噴霧。

It contains water, propellant, soybean oil,

它含有水、推進劑、大豆油。

soy lecithin, potassium sorbate (preservative),

大豆卵磷脂，山梨酸鉀（防腐劑）。

and sorbic acid, also preservative.

和山梨酸，也是防腐劑。

Soy lecithin is in everything

大豆卵磷脂存在於一切事物中

from ice cream to baby formula.

從冰激凌到嬰兒配方奶粉。

The color of soy lecithin is not what you'd expect.

大豆卵磷脂的顏色不是你所期望的那樣。

It's like an orange color.

這就像一個橙色的顏色。

Depending on what study you listen to,

取決於你聽什麼研究。

it'll lower your cholesterol,

它可以降低你的膽固醇。

or it can kill you.

或者它可以殺死你。

Then we have two preservatives,

然後我們有兩種防腐劑。

potassium sorbate and sorbic acid.

山梨酸鉀和山梨酸。

Sorbic acid is a naturally occurring compound,

山梨酸是一種天然存在的化合物。

and today it's the most

而今天，它是最

commonly used preservative in the world.

世界上常用的防腐劑。

It's not an exaggeration to say

可以毫不誇張地說

the global food supply chain

全球食品供應鏈

wouldn't be possible without it.

沒有它就不可能。

It's an effective antifungal agent.

它是一種有效的抗真菌劑。

There's a propellant added into the pan spray too,

鍋內噴霧中也加入了推進劑。

which is a pressurized liquid

它是一種加壓的液體

that rapidly turns into gas when exposed to air.

暴露在空氣中時迅速變成氣體。

When you press the nozzle on a spray can,

當你按下噴壺上的噴嘴時。

this is what causes the contents to spray out.

這就是導致內容物噴出的原因。

There's no way of telling which propellant Domino's uses,

沒有辦法知道多米諾公司使用哪種推進劑。

since the FDA evidently

因為FDA顯然是

doesn't require companies to disclose it.

並不要求公司披露。

But propellants approved for food use in the US include

但在美國被準許用於食品的推進劑包括

carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, food-safe alcohols,

二氧化碳、一氧化二氮、食品安全的酒精。

and even petroleum-derived fuels like propane and butane.

甚至石油衍生的燃料，如丙烷和丁烷。

This would be incredibly dangerous

這將是令人難以置信的危險

to replicate in the studio,

在工作室裡複製。

so I'm actually gonna ignore that one.

所以我實際上要忽略這個問題。

I'm not trying to have explosives in the office,

我不是想在辦公室裡有爆炸物。

and I'm not trying to blow my hands off.

而我並不是要吹我的手。

Instead, I'm gonna mix it all

相反，我打算將其全部混合

into a little spray bottle right here.

放入一個小噴瓶中，就在這裡。

After hearing all that, she's shaking it up.

在聽到這些之後，她就開始搖擺起來。

It's like, ugh, don't explode.

這就像，唉，別爆炸了。

Domino's adds a garlic oil blend to the crust after baking

多米諾公司在烘烤後的麵包皮中添加了大蒜油混合物

to make it extra savory and addicting.

以使它變得更加美味和令人上癮。

It contains the following:

它包含以下內容。

butter-flavored oil,

黃油味的油。

which is liquid and hydrogenated soybean oil,

它是液體和氫化大豆油。

[sped up] palm oil, salt, natural flavors,

[加快]棕櫚油，鹽，天然香料。

which contains canola oil, lipolyzed butter oil,

其中含有菜籽油，脂溶黃油。

sunflower and soy lecithin, lactic acid,

葵花籽和大豆卵磷脂，乳酸。

colored with turmeric and beta-carotene,

用薑黃和β-胡蘿蔔素著色。

artificial flavor, TBHQ,

人工香料，TBHQ。

and citric acid, protects flavor.

和檸檬酸，保護風味。

Vitamin A palmitate,

維生素A棕櫚酸酯。

autolyzed yeast extract,

自溶酵母提取物。

beta-carotene for color,

β-胡蘿蔔素的顏色。

dehydrated garlic, Parmesan cheese,

脫水大蒜，帕馬森乾酪。

which is part-skim milk, cheese cultures, salt, and enzymes,

它是部分脫脂牛奶、奶酪培養物、鹽和酶。

salt, dehydrated parsley, spice,

鹽，脫水歐芹，香料。

annatto extract for color,

胭脂蟲提取物的顏色。

natural flavors, citric acid, lactic acid,

天然香料，檸檬酸，乳酸。

and oleoresin rosemary.

和迷迭香油劑。

The main ingredient is butter-flavored oil,

主要成分是黃油味的油。

which is essentially soybean and palm oil

這主要是指大豆和棕櫚油

with artificial flavoring and preservatives.

含有人工調味劑和防腐劑。

It's tasty.

它很美味。

Oh, God.

哦，上帝。

I mean, yeah, it tastes kind of like butter,

我是說，是的，它的味道有點像黃油。

but it tastes like butter-flavored something.

但它的味道像黃油味的東西。

TBHQ and citric acid are added

加入TBHQ和檸檬酸

to protect flavor and extend shelf life.

以保護風味並延長保質期。

However, TBHQ is regulated by the FDA

然而，TBHQ是由美國食品和藥物管理局監管的

and can only be used in small doses,

並且只能小劑量使用。

due to evidence that large quantities may be harmful.

由於有證據表明大量使用可能是有害的。

One study found that TBHQ increased

一項研究發現，TBHQ增加了

the incidence of tumors in rats,

大鼠腫瘤的發病率。

while another study reported cases

而另一項研究則報告了一些案例

of vision disturbances in humans.

人類視力紊亂的原因。

TBHQ gets the JDFWI,

TBHQ得到了JDFWI。

Joe doesn't f--- with it.

喬並沒有和它打交道。

I tried to buy it,

我試圖買下它。

but at every turn, each supplier asked me

但每一次，每個供應商都問我

if I was a registered laboratory,

如果我是一個註冊的實驗室。

which, as y'all can see, I clearly am not.

如你們所見，我顯然不是這樣的人。

So that is one ingredient

是以，這是一種成分

we weren't able to get our hands on,

我們沒能得到我們的手。

but I'm high-key relieved.

但我高調地解脫了。

♪ Pouring the stuff together ♪

♪ 把東西倒在一起 ♪

♪ Putting the stuff together ♪

♪ 把東西放在一起 ♪

Then, we add some chefy things

然後，我們再添加一些有嚼頭的東西

like Parmesan, salt, parsley, spices,

如帕馬森奶酪，鹽，歐芹，香料。

and, of course, garlic.

還有，當然，大蒜。

I am the biggest fan of garlic.

我是大蒜的最大粉絲。

Like, I don't care

比如，我不關心

if I'm about to, you know, smooch people, or --

如果我準備，你知道，與人親熱，或者 --

[record scratching] sorry, not people. My husband.

[唱片刮擦聲]對不起，不是人。我的丈夫。

Good save.

救得好。

That's pretty good.

這很好。

The Domino's buttermilk ranch sauce contains:

多米諾的酪乳牧場醬含有。

soybean oil, cultured buttermilk, distilled vinegar,

大豆油，培養的酪乳，蒸餾醋。

water, high-fructose corn syrup,

水，高果糖玉米糖漿。

[sped up] sour cream, which is culture cream,

[加快]酸奶油，也就是文化奶油。

contains less than 2% of sugar, salt, egg yolk,

含有少於2%的糖、鹽、蛋黃。

whey protein concentrate, garlic juice, garlic powder,

濃縮乳清蛋白，大蒜汁，大蒜粉。