Name: Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 - Battle of Tsushima DOCUMENTARY（Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 - Battle of Tsushima DOCUMENTARY）
Uploaded: 2022-06-28T02:32:49.000Z
Duration: 17 min 47 s

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 changed the history of warfare forever, ushering in

日俄戰爭從1904年二月持續至1905年九月 而這場戰役永遠改寫了戰爭歷史，

a new era of conflicts in which naval battles became central to the fate of the struggle.

讓世界迎來了以海戰為膠著點的衝突新紀元。

Its ending had long-term consequences, becoming another factor that made the first and the

這場戰役的結束對後世有顯著的影響， 這不可避免地

second world wars inevitable. In this video, which was voted on by our patrons and youtube

牽涉到了一戰及二戰。 這個影片是從patrons及youtube的贊助者中，

sponsors, we will cover the naval portion of this war with a focus on the battle of

投票選出的，我們會從海軍部分去做切入描述這場戰爭

This video is sponsored World of Warships. A big thank you goes out to World of Warships

這支影片由 戰艦世界 贊助。 (非常感激您夠遊玩戰艦世界) (簽下去戰艦世界!)

for sponsoring this video! They came to us with the awesome opportunity to try their

(來贊助這支影片!) (他們給予我們超棒的機會)

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(來遊玩這個免費遊戲，現在讓我們一同迷上(上鉤)吧!) 戰艦世界是個動作戰略遊戲

Action Game” as it’s the perfect balance between the action and strategy. Command a

他的完美平衡了動作及戰略元素

massive naval fleet featuring most iconic war vessels in history, unlock new ships and

指揮大規模的海軍艦隊  歷史上最具標誌性的特色的戰艦， 解鎖新的艦艇 和

dominate the oceans populated by 7 million players worldwide. Weather effects make each

含蓋全球玩家 之 7百萬遊戲人口。 不論是任何因素

battle unique and influence the tactics. Each ship is based off 3D scans of the real ships

均會導致每場戰鬥是獨特及影響戰術應用。 每艘船艦都是基於真實船體的3D掃描

and designed with incredible attention to detail, making the battles very realistic

並設計了令人難以置信的細微細節， 使戰鬥非常逼真

and there are over 200 ships available to play across eleven different nations! World

有超過200艘船艦可供遊玩 跨越十一個不同的國家！

of Warships is constantly updating the game so there is something new to experience with

戰艦世界 是會不斷地更新遊戲 所以會有一些新的遊戲體驗

a steady cadence of new missions, game updates, and events.

持續性的新任務、遊戲更新、 和活動。

Click the link below to play World of Warships and get a special bonus starter pack! Register

點擊下面的鏈接來遊玩 戰艦世界 並獲得一個特殊獎金入門包！

with the code PLAYWARSHIPS2018 to receive 250 doubloons, 1,000,000 Credits, HMS Campbeltown

激活代碼 PLAYWARSHIPS2018 來接收 250個雙倍、1,000,000個積分、皇家海軍坎貝爾鎮號 (（´∀`）我怎麼翻了這麼久的贊助阿)

premium ship, one port slot and 3 days premium time!

一個港口槽和三天的高級帳號！

In 1868 Japan entered a modernization period called the Meiji Restoration. In the same

1868年日本進入了現代化時期 稱為明治維新。在同年，

year the Imperial Japanese Navy was formed, showing that Japan was now vying for naval

日本帝國海軍成立， 顯示日本正在爭奪海軍

dominance in the region. Lacking industrial capacity, Japan relied on Britain in the development

在該地區的主導地位。缺乏工業 能力，日本依靠英國的發展

of a modern navy. European superpower Russia was also eager

現代海軍。 歐洲超級大國俄羅斯也渴望

to increase its presence in the Pacific. It had strong navies in the Baltic and Black

增加其在太平洋的存在感。它 在波羅的海和黑海中擁有強大的海軍

seas, but lacked a base in the East. In 1860 Russia acquired Vladivostok from China and

但在東方缺乏海軍基地。在1860年， 俄羅斯從滿清政府手中取得海參崴

turned it into a naval base in 1871. Russia also started building the Trans-Siberian Railroad

在1871年把它變成了一個海軍基地。 俄羅斯也開始建設跨西伯利亞鐵路

to link Moscow with Vladivostok in 1891. And although Vladivostok was in a prime position

在1891年將莫斯科與海參崴港聯繫起來。並且雖然海參崴地處優勢

to exert naval power, it wasn’t a warm water port, which Russia desperately needed.

但在發揮海軍實力來說，它不是一個溫水港， 這正是當下俄羅斯很急需的。

Meanwhile, China, which was reeling from defeats at the hands of the European powers, bought

與此同時，中國對外戰爭失敗而陷入困境， 從歐洲列強的手中，買了

two battleships from Germany in 1885. That threatened Japan, as it lacked financial resources

1885年兩艘來自德國的戰列艦。(鎮遠號及定遠號) 那由於缺乏資金來源來自造戰艦，

to acquire its own. In 1893 Japan ordered two battleships from Britain, but the war

1893年日本購買了來自英國的兩艘戰艦， 但是

between China and Japan erupted in 1894, so Japan had to rely on its cruisers.

甲午戰爭爆發於1894年， 所以日本不得不依賴巡洋艦。

To the shock of the entire world, Japan won the war in less than a year, managing to destroy

令全世界為之震驚，在不到一年的時間內 日本贏得戰爭，成功摧毀

one of the Chinese battleships and capturing another. The Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895

中國戰列艦之一(定遠號)和捕獲 另外一艘(鎮遠號)。 1895年的馬關條約

transferred Korea into the Japanese sphere of influence, while China had to pay war reparations

將朝鮮的宗主權轉移到日本的麾下， 而中國不得不支付戰爭賠款

and also ceded control of Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan. The latter was crucial,

並且還控制了台灣和遼東半島到日本。 後者至關重要，

as this peninsula was home to the strategically crucial naval base of Port Arthur. Control

因為這個半島上設有旅順港 之重要海軍基地。

over this port solidified Japanese power in the Yellow sea.

控制這個港口等於鞏固了 日本在黃海上的制海權。

Russia couldn’t allow this and enlisted diplomatic support from France and Germany.

俄羅斯不能允許這種情況發生 並協同法國和德國的外交支持。

All three threatened Japan with war in what was later called the Triple Intervention.

三國都以戰爭手段威脅日本 史稱為三國干涉還遼。

The Russian battleship Nikolai I steamed towards the Japanese port of Nagasaki, and as Japan

俄羅斯戰列艦尼古拉一世(蒸汽)駛向日本的長崎港

still had no battleships, it was forced to relinquish control of Liaodong and Port Arthur.

由於日本帝國海軍仍然沒有戰艦， 它被迫放棄對遼東和旅順港的控制。

A year later Russia secured a 25-year lease on this territory from China and finally gained

一年後，俄羅斯終於在中國這片領土上 獲得了25年租約的一個溫水港。

a warm water port. Japan was humiliated and that created strong

日本受到羞辱，因此促使了強大的復仇慾望。

revanchist desires. Four more battleships were ordered from Britain. Both sides participated

從英國訂購了四艘更多的戰列艦。 雙方都在中國參加了

in the quelling of the Boxer rebellion in China, but that made the situation worse,

義和團之亂(庚子拳亂)的鎮壓， 但這使情況變得更糟，

as Russia increased its military presence in Manchuria, and Japan considered it a threat.

隨著俄羅斯在滿洲增加軍事存在， 日本視為一種威脅。

Other European powers were wary of the increased Russian presence in Asia, especially Britain,

其他歐洲列強對俄羅斯增加 在亞洲的存持謹慎態度，特別是英國

which entered an alliance with Japan in 1902. All that made the war inevitable. By 1903

於1902年與日本結盟。 這些都使戰爭無可避免。到1903年

Japan created a fleet based at Sasebo with six battleships, 10 cruisers and 40 destroyers.

日本在佐世保建立了一支艦隊 六艘戰列艦，10艘巡洋艦和40艘驅逐艦。

Meanwhile Russia had seven battleships, eight cruisers and 25 destroyers at Port Arthur.

與此同時，俄羅斯有七艘戰艦、八艘 的巡洋艦和25艘驅逐艦於旅順港。

At this point we should mention the absolute importance of the battleships. It was expected

在這一點上我們應該提到了戰艦至關重要。 這是在預料中

that the naval conflicts of this period would be decided by these engines of war. Unlike

這個時期的海軍衝突會發生 起於這些戰爭引擎決定。

Japan, Russia was able to build its own battleships, yet the technology used was mostly British,

不像日本，俄羅斯能用自造的戰列艦， 但使用的技術大多是曾英國、

French and German, so neither side had a clear technological advantage and a duel between

法國和德國學來的，所以雙方都不清楚 彼此的技術優勢 和 條件

battleships would boil down to the experience and talent of the officers and crews. Ironically,

戰艦將歸結為軍官及船員的作戰經和才能。 諷刺地，

this war would the first and the last naval conflict decided by battleships, as in a decade

這場戰爭將是第一次和最後一次海軍 戰艦決定的衝突，從此往後十年

submarines and airpower would change the balance of power yet again.

潛艇和空軍實力將重新改變此平衡。

In 1904 Japan demanded that Russia demilitarize Manchuria. Russia refused and on February

1904年，日本要求俄羅斯實現非軍事化 滿洲。俄羅斯拒絕了

6th Japan severed diplomatic relations. Tsar Nikolai immediately ordered the commander

於2月6號 日本斷絕與俄國外交關係。 沙皇尼古拉立即下令艦隊指揮官

of the fleet at Port Arthur, Admiral Stark, to not fire the first shots, so that Japan

於旅順港的 斯塔爾克海軍上將， 不要開第一槍，讓日本

would be seen as the aggressor. On February 8th Japan declared war, however, according

會被視為侵略者。然而於二月八號日本宣戰

to Russian sources, the declaration reached Petersburg on the next day, so Russia considered

從俄國紀錄顯示，宣戰聲明於貳日 抵達彼得堡，所以俄羅斯考慮

the attack on the 8th to be in violation of the rules of war.

在8日的開戰是違反戰爭條約的。

Commander of the Japanese fleet, admiral Togo, knew that he needed to neutralize the Russian

日本艦隊指揮官，東鄉平八郎海軍上將， 知道他需要盡快消除

fleet at Port Arthur as soon as possible, as the Russian fleets in the Baltic and Black

俄羅斯在大連港的艦隊， 作為俄羅斯艦隊在波羅的海和黑海

seas would be able to reach the Asian theatre in 4 months. Conversely Russian strategy was

將能夠在四個月內抵達亞洲戰場。 相反，俄羅斯的戰略是

deliberately passive, as they just needed to defend around Port Arthur and wait for

相對被動的，因為他們只是需要 在旅順港周圍防衛並等待增援。

the reinforcements. On the night of February 8th Togo made his

在2月8日晚上東鄉 踏出了他的第一步。

first move. At midnight his destroyers closed in and launched torpedoes against the Russian

午夜他的驅逐艦貼近 並對俄軍戰艦發射魚雷

battleships. Two of them – Tsesarevich [tsehsuh’revich] and Retvizan received heavy damage and were

其中兩個 -皇太子號 和 列特維贊號  受到了嚴重的傷害

towed to be repaired. Togo hoped that the Russians were now panicking

進港維修。 東鄉希望俄羅斯人陷入恐慌

and at noon on the 9th moved his fleet within range. Unfortunately for him, the Russians

並於9日中午將艦隊駛入射擊範圍內。 不幸的是，俄羅斯人

were ready and his ships were fired upon by both the enemy ships and the coastal batteries.

準備好了，他的船艦被俄軍戰艦及海防砲擊火。

His ships were not able to withstand that and 20 minutes later he ordered them to turn

他的船無法承受如此打擊 隨後20分鐘，他命令他們迴轉

back. The Blockade of Port Arthur had begun. On

March 7 Admiral Stark was replaced by Admiral Makarov. Togo decided to try a new tactic:

3月7日 斯塔爾克 海軍上將 被 海軍上將馬卡羅夫取代 東鄉決定嘗試一種新的策略：

On March 22 two of his battleships were sent to the south-west side of the Liaodong Peninsula,

3月22日，他的兩艘戰艦被派遣 到遼東半島的西南側，

where they could not be seen by Russian coastal batteries and started bombarding the enemy

俄羅斯海防砲台無法看到它們的地方， 並開始砲轟敵軍艦隊，

fleet, dealing some damage before the Russians managed to relocate their batteries and fired

對俄軍造成一些傷害 設法重新部屬大砲並回擊

back. Meanwhile the situation on land changed, as

與此同時，陸戰的情況發生了變化

Japanese troops were now in the striking distance of Port Arthur, so Togo needed to seal it

日本陸軍現在襲擊旅順港的範圍， 所以東鄉需要用戰艦封鎖海面

off to prevent the escape of the Russian navy. On April 12th Japanese destroyers placed 50

以防止俄羅斯海軍逃跑。 4月12日，日本驅逐艦放置了50顆水雷

mines close to the harbor mouth. Makarov spotted them and attempted a sortie with 2 battleships

靠近港口。馬卡羅夫發現了 他們並試圖用2艘戰艦

and 4 cruisers. This was an ambush, as suddenly 5 of Togo’s battleships appeared from the

和4艘巡洋艦進行除雷。這是一次伏擊，  突然之間東鄉的5艘戰列艦出現在霧中

mist and opened fire at the Russians, and the latter had to head back to the safety

對俄軍開火，然後後者必須回到安全

of the port. However, the battleship Petropavlovsk [petra’pavlofsk] struck a mine and sank,

的港口。但是， 波爾塔瓦號 被一顆水雷擊中並沉沒，

along with Makarov. Another battleship – Pobieda - also hit a mine, but was able to make it

和馬卡羅夫一起。另一艘戰列艦 勝利號  也中了一顆水雷，但能夠成功回港。

into the port. Untested rear admiral Vitgeft was appointed the new commander.

未經考驗的海軍少將 維特捷夫特 被任命為新指揮官。

His approach was more passive and that allowed the Japanese to land an army to the northeast

他的方法更加被動，允許 日軍部隊登陸於旅順港

of Port Arthur on May 5th, basically cutting the Russians off. Togo resumed skirmishes

東北方5月5日，基本上分割了俄軍。 東鄉持續了小規模交火

and in response Vitgeft started mining off possible bombardment positions. That worked

作為回應， 維特捷夫特 開始布水雷於 可能的交火地點。那很有效

out, as on May 15th Japanese battleships Hatsuse and Yashima struck mines and sunk.

5月15日日本戰艦初瀨號 和八島號擊中了水雷並沉沒。

In June the Russians finally repaired Retvizan, Tsesarevich and Pobieda. They needed to break

六月，俄羅斯人終於修復了 列特維贊號 ， 皇太子號 和 勝利號。他們需要突圍

out in order to get to Vladivostok and on June 23rd, the whole squadron sailed out of

為了到達海參崴 6月23日， 整個艦隊駛出港口。

the harbor. Togo couldn’t allow the Russians to escape. Initially his squadron moved parallel

東鄉不能允許俄軍突圍 最初，他的艦隊與俄軍成水平移動

to the Russians out of the firing range, but gradually closed the distance and started

遠於射程距離，但是 漸漸貼近了距離並開始了

a long-range duel. Although Vitgeft had the numbers on his side, he ordered his ships

遠程交火。雖然 維特捷夫特 有數量優勢， 他命令他的船

to sail back to port. Despite all the attempts to delay the Japanese

駛回港口。 儘管所有行為都試圖推遲日本