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  • In /The Brothers Karamazov/, Dostoevsky compares two different types of people: Worldly People

    在《卡拉馬佐夫兄弟》中,陀思妥耶夫斯基比較了兩種不同類型的人。世俗的人

  • and Monks.

    和僧侶。

  • Worldly People are slaves to pleasure, and because of that, they lose their freedom,

    世俗的人是快樂的奴隸,正因為如此,他們失去了自由。

  • meanwhile Monks give up the pursuit of pleasure, and because of that, they keep their freedom.

    同時僧侶們放棄了對快樂的追求,正因為如此,他們保持了自由。

  • And if that's true, then why?

    如果那是真的,那麼為什麼?

  • That's what I wanna explore in this essay.

    這就是我想在這篇文章中探討的內容。

  • Let's start with the idea of freedom.

    讓我們從自由的概念開始。

  • What does it mean, in our case, to have freedom?

    就我們而言,擁有自由是什麼意思?

  • Freedom is the ability to do what you want to do with your body.

    自由是用你的身體做你想做的事的能力。

  • It's the ability to act how you want.

    這是你想怎麼做就怎麼做的能力。

  • It's the ability to serve any idea you want.

    這是為你想要的任何想法服務的能力。

  • And Dostoevsky makes an important point about freedom in his novel: if you can't endure

    而陀思妥耶夫斯基在他的小說中提出了一個關於自由的重要觀點:如果你不能忍受

  • suffering, then you aren't free.

    痛苦,那麼你就不自由。

  • You're a slave to whatever will protect you from suffering.

    你是任何能保護你免受痛苦的東西的奴隸。

  • And why is that the case?

    為什麼會出現這種情況呢?

  • Let's take a closer look at The Worldly Person to find out.

    讓我們仔細看看《世俗的人》就知道了。

  • The Worldly Person believes that freedom lies in pleasure and comfort.

    世俗的人認為,自由在於快樂和舒適。

  • So they spend their life acquiring things such as money, status, cars, clothes, romantic

    是以,他們一生都在獲取諸如金錢、地位、汽車、衣服、浪漫等東西。

  • partners, good foods, vacations, and so on.

    夥伴、美味的食物、假期,等等。

  • They spend their life creating palaces of comfort.

    他們一生都在創造舒適的宮殿。

  • But what happens when they're deprived of their comforts?

    但是,當他們被剝奪了舒適感時會發生什麼?

  • What happens when they lose their money, their status, and their fancy foods?

    當他們失去金錢、地位和高級食品時會發生什麼?

  • They start to suffer, and since they have no idea how to suffer, they'll serve any

    他們開始受苦,由於他們不知道如何受苦,他們會為任何

  • idea that offers them an escape from their suffering.

    這個想法為他們提供了擺脫痛苦的機會。

  • They'll serve anyone who promises them comfort and pleasure again.

    他們會再次為任何承諾給他們帶來舒適和快樂的人服務。

  • So The Worldly Person isn't free, because they can't endure suffering, and because

    所以世俗的人並不自由,因為他們不能忍受痛苦,也因為

  • they can't endure suffering, they'll be a slave to anything that offers them an escape

    他們不能忍受痛苦,他們會成為任何能讓他們逃脫的東西的奴隸。

  • from it.

    從它。

  • But how does that compare to the Monk?

    但這與 "和尚 "相比如何呢?

  • The Monk believes that freedom lies in our ability to withstand discomfort.

    和尚認為,自由在於我們承受不適的能力。

  • So they spend their life mastering discomfort and overcoming the need for pleasure.

    所以他們一生都在掌握不適,克服對快樂的需求。

  • They create mental castles that allow them to overcome any amount of discomfort, and

    他們創造心理城堡,使他們能夠克服任何程度的不適,並且

  • what happens when they lose their comforts?

    當他們失去舒適的生活時會發生什麼?

  • Their money, status, and fancy foods?

    他們的錢,地位,和花哨的食物?

  • Nothing, because they're not attached to those things.

    什麼都沒有,因為他們不依附於這些東西。

  • They're still able to overcome suffering and serve their idea, mission, or purpose,

    他們仍然能夠克服痛苦,為他們的想法、使命或目的服務。

  • and because of that, the Monk is truly free.

    正因為如此,僧侶們才真正獲得了自由。

  • But what allows the Monk to endure suffering?

    但是,是什麼讓僧人能夠忍受痛苦?

  • Obviously, this is the question everyone wants the answer to: how do I endure my suffering?

    顯然,這是每個人都想知道的問題:我怎樣才能忍受我的痛苦?

  • You can only endure suffering when you believe it has value.

    只有當你相信痛苦有價值時,你才能忍受它。

  • In his book /Man's Search for Meaning/, Viktor Frankl wrote, “[in] some way, suffering

    維克多-弗蘭克爾在他的《人對意義的探索》一書中寫道:"[在]某種程度上,痛苦

  • ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds a meaning”.

    在找到意義的那一刻,它就不再是痛苦了"。

  • Only when you believe there's a reason for suffering, a meaning behind it, a light at

    只有當你相信痛苦是有原因的,背後是有意義的,是有光明的。

  • the end of the tunnel, will you be able to endure it.

    在隧道的盡頭,你是否能夠忍受它。

  • But you're probably thinking, /what's the meaning behind the suffering of an innocent

    但你可能在想,/一個無辜者的痛苦背後有什麼意義?

  • child?/ And the only answer is, “I don't know.”

    孩子?/而唯一的答案是,"我不知道"。

  • Is there a meaning?

    有什麼意義嗎?

  • This is a question we've been grappling with for thousands of years, and I think it's

    這是一個我們幾千年來一直在努力解決的問題,我認為它是

  • pretty clear that we'll never be able to have proof that there is or isn't a meaning

    很明顯,我們永遠無法證明存在或不存在的意義。

  • to suffering.

    到痛苦。

  • Is there a reason for the suffering of an innocent child?

    一個無辜孩子的痛苦有什麼理由嗎?

  • I can't prove to you that there is, but I also can't prove to you that there isn't.

    我無法向你證明有,但我也無法向你證明沒有。

  • So to me, that means it's a personal choice that you have to make.

    所以對我來說,這意味著這是一個你必須做出的個人選擇。

  • You have to choose whether or not to have faith.

    你必須選擇是否要有信仰。

  • If you have faith that there's a reason and meaning for suffering, you'll be able

    如果你有信心,認為痛苦是有原因和意義的,你就能夠

  • to endure it, even if you don't know exactly what that reason is, and by being able to

    忍受它,即使你不知道確切的原因是什麼,並且通過能夠

  • endure suffering, you will not be a slave to pleasure and comfort, an by not being a

    忍受痛苦,你就不會成為快樂和舒適的奴隸,你就不會成為一個

  • slave to pleasure and comfort, you'll retain your freedom, and by retaining your freedom,

    淪為快樂和舒適的奴隸,你將保留你的自由,而通過保留你的自由。

  • you'll be able to serve any idea you want, rather than the idea someone else wants you

    你將能夠為你想要的任何想法服務,而不是別人想要你的想法。

  • to serve.

    來服務。

  • But if you believe suffering has no meaning, it makes no sense to endure it, and it makes

    但是,如果你認為苦難沒有意義,那麼忍受苦難就沒有意義,而且會使

  • perfect sense to escape from it through pleasure and comfort, but if you escape from it, when

    通過快樂和舒適來逃避它是完全合理的,但如果你逃避它,當

  • tragedy eventually strikes, when you lose the pleasure and comfort you built for yourself,

    悲劇最終會發生,當你失去了你為自己建立的快樂和舒適。

  • you'll end up surrendering your freedom to the first person who can offer you pleasure

    你最終會把你的自由交給第一個能給你帶來快樂的人。

  • and comfort, and why wouldn't you, if suffering has no meaning?

    和安慰,如果痛苦沒有意義,你為什麼不呢?

  • So let me end by asking you this question: if there ever came a time where we needed

    是以,讓我最後問你這個問題:如果有一天,我們需要

  • someone to fight for a better world, someone to stand up to the tyrant who has money, power,

    有人為更美好的世界而奮鬥,有人為擁有金錢、權力的暴君而站出來。

  • and force at their disposal, who would you want on your side: The Worldly Person or The

    和武力,你希望誰站在你這邊。世俗的人或

  • Monk?

    和尚?

  • Who could resist the trappings of money, power, pleasure, and comfort that the tyrant provides?

    誰能抵制暴君提供的金錢、權力、享樂和舒適的束縛?

  • Who would be more likely to be his slave and serve his mission in exchange for his good

    誰更有可能成為他的奴隸,為他的任務服務,以換取他的好處

  • favours?

    恩惠?

  • And if you want to make a better life for yourself, which personality would you rather

    如果你想為自己創造更好的生活,你願意選擇哪種性格

  • be: The Worldly Person or The Monk?

    是。世俗的人還是僧侶?

  • So that concludes my exploration of Dostoevsky's teaching in /The Brothers Karamazov/.

    是以,我對陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉馬佐夫兄弟》中的教學的探索到此結束。

  • As always, this is just my opinion and understanding of Dostoevsky's teaching, not advice.

    一如既往,這只是我對陀思妥耶夫斯基教學的看法和理解,不是建議。

  • Feel free to use this information however you like, and if you have a different take

    請隨意使用這些資訊,如果你有不同的看法

  • on the his words, I'd love to hear your perspective in the comments.

    關於他的話,我很想在評論中聽到你的觀點。

  • If you liked the video, please consider liking the video.

    如果你喜歡這個視頻,請考慮喜歡這個視頻。

  • And if you're looking for another video to watch after this one, I recommend watching

    如果你想在這個視頻之後再看一個視頻,我推薦你看

  • my videoDostoevsky - Never Lie to Yourself”.

    我的視頻《陀思妥耶夫斯基--永遠不要對自己撒謊》。

  • I'll put a link to it in the description below and in the top right of the screen right

    我會在下面的描述中和螢幕的右上方放一個鏈接。

  • now.

    現在。

In /The Brothers Karamazov/, Dostoevsky compares two different types of people: Worldly People

在《卡拉馬佐夫兄弟》中,陀思妥耶夫斯基比較了兩種不同類型的人。世俗的人

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