and Monks.

和僧侶。

Worldly People are slaves to pleasure, and because of that, they lose their freedom,

世俗的人是快樂的奴隸，正因為如此，他們失去了自由。

meanwhile Monks give up the pursuit of pleasure, and because of that, they keep their freedom.

同時僧侶們放棄了對快樂的追求，正因為如此，他們保持了自由。

And if that's true, then why?

如果那是真的，那麼為什麼？

That's what I wanna explore in this essay.

這就是我想在這篇文章中探討的內容。

Let's start with the idea of freedom.

讓我們從自由的概念開始。

What does it mean, in our case, to have freedom?

就我們而言，擁有自由是什麼意思？

Freedom is the ability to do what you want to do with your body.

自由是用你的身體做你想做的事的能力。

It's the ability to act how you want.

這是你想怎麼做就怎麼做的能力。

It's the ability to serve any idea you want.

這是為你想要的任何想法服務的能力。

And Dostoevsky makes an important point about freedom in his novel: if you can't endure

而陀思妥耶夫斯基在他的小說中提出了一個關於自由的重要觀點：如果你不能忍受

suffering, then you aren't free.

痛苦，那麼你就不自由。

You're a slave to whatever will protect you from suffering.

你是任何能保護你免受痛苦的東西的奴隸。

And why is that the case?

為什麼會出現這種情況呢？

Let's take a closer look at The Worldly Person to find out.

讓我們仔細看看《世俗的人》就知道了。

The Worldly Person believes that freedom lies in pleasure and comfort.

世俗的人認為，自由在於快樂和舒適。

So they spend their life acquiring things such as money, status, cars, clothes, romantic

是以，他們一生都在獲取諸如金錢、地位、汽車、衣服、浪漫等東西。

partners, good foods, vacations, and so on.

夥伴、美味的食物、假期，等等。

They spend their life creating palaces of comfort.

他們一生都在創造舒適的宮殿。

But what happens when they're deprived of their comforts?

但是，當他們被剝奪了舒適感時會發生什麼？

What happens when they lose their money, their status, and their fancy foods?

當他們失去金錢、地位和高級食品時會發生什麼？

They start to suffer, and since they have no idea how to suffer, they'll serve any

他們開始受苦，由於他們不知道如何受苦，他們會為任何

idea that offers them an escape from their suffering.

這個想法為他們提供了擺脫痛苦的機會。

They'll serve anyone who promises them comfort and pleasure again.

他們會再次為任何承諾給他們帶來舒適和快樂的人服務。

So The Worldly Person isn't free, because they can't endure suffering, and because

所以世俗的人並不自由，因為他們不能忍受痛苦，也因為

they can't endure suffering, they'll be a slave to anything that offers them an escape

他們不能忍受痛苦，他們會成為任何能讓他們逃脫的東西的奴隸。

from it.

從它。

But how does that compare to the Monk?

但這與 "和尚 "相比如何呢？

The Monk believes that freedom lies in our ability to withstand discomfort.

和尚認為，自由在於我們承受不適的能力。

So they spend their life mastering discomfort and overcoming the need for pleasure.

所以他們一生都在掌握不適，克服對快樂的需求。

They create mental castles that allow them to overcome any amount of discomfort, and

他們創造心理城堡，使他們能夠克服任何程度的不適，並且

what happens when they lose their comforts?

當他們失去舒適的生活時會發生什麼？

Their money, status, and fancy foods?

他們的錢，地位，和花哨的食物？

Nothing, because they're not attached to those things.

什麼都沒有，因為他們不依附於這些東西。

They're still able to overcome suffering and serve their idea, mission, or purpose,

他們仍然能夠克服痛苦，為他們的想法、使命或目的服務。

and because of that, the Monk is truly free.

正因為如此，僧侶們才真正獲得了自由。

But what allows the Monk to endure suffering?

但是，是什麼讓僧人能夠忍受痛苦？

Obviously, this is the question everyone wants the answer to: how do I endure my suffering?

顯然，這是每個人都想知道的問題：我怎樣才能忍受我的痛苦？

You can only endure suffering when you believe it has value.

只有當你相信痛苦有價值時，你才能忍受它。

In his book /Man's Search for Meaning/, Viktor Frankl wrote, “[in] some way, suffering

維克多-弗蘭克爾在他的《人對意義的探索》一書中寫道："[在]某種程度上，痛苦

ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds a meaning”.

在找到意義的那一刻，它就不再是痛苦了"。

Only when you believe there's a reason for suffering, a meaning behind it, a light at

只有當你相信痛苦是有原因的，背後是有意義的，是有光明的。

the end of the tunnel, will you be able to endure it.

在隧道的盡頭，你是否能夠忍受它。

But you're probably thinking, /what's the meaning behind the suffering of an innocent

但你可能在想，/一個無辜者的痛苦背後有什麼意義？

child?/ And the only answer is, “I don't know.”

孩子？/而唯一的答案是，"我不知道"。

Is there a meaning?

有什麼意義嗎？

This is a question we've been grappling with for thousands of years, and I think it's

這是一個我們幾千年來一直在努力解決的問題，我認為它是

pretty clear that we'll never be able to have proof that there is or isn't a meaning

很明顯，我們永遠無法證明存在或不存在的意義。

to suffering.

到痛苦。

Is there a reason for the suffering of an innocent child?

一個無辜孩子的痛苦有什麼理由嗎？

I can't prove to you that there is, but I also can't prove to you that there isn't.

我無法向你證明有，但我也無法向你證明沒有。

So to me, that means it's a personal choice that you have to make.

所以對我來說，這意味著這是一個你必須做出的個人選擇。

You have to choose whether or not to have faith.

你必須選擇是否要有信仰。

If you have faith that there's a reason and meaning for suffering, you'll be able

如果你有信心，認為痛苦是有原因和意義的，你就能夠

to endure it, even if you don't know exactly what that reason is, and by being able to

忍受它，即使你不知道確切的原因是什麼，並且通過能夠

endure suffering, you will not be a slave to pleasure and comfort, an by not being a

忍受痛苦，你就不會成為快樂和舒適的奴隸，你就不會成為一個

slave to pleasure and comfort, you'll retain your freedom, and by retaining your freedom,

淪為快樂和舒適的奴隸，你將保留你的自由，而通過保留你的自由。

you'll be able to serve any idea you want, rather than the idea someone else wants you

你將能夠為你想要的任何想法服務，而不是別人想要你的想法。

to serve.

來服務。

But if you believe suffering has no meaning, it makes no sense to endure it, and it makes

但是，如果你認為苦難沒有意義，那麼忍受苦難就沒有意義，而且會使

perfect sense to escape from it through pleasure and comfort, but if you escape from it, when

通過快樂和舒適來逃避它是完全合理的，但如果你逃避它，當

tragedy eventually strikes, when you lose the pleasure and comfort you built for yourself,

悲劇最終會發生，當你失去了你為自己建立的快樂和舒適。

you'll end up surrendering your freedom to the first person who can offer you pleasure

你最終會把你的自由交給第一個能給你帶來快樂的人。

and comfort, and why wouldn't you, if suffering has no meaning?

和安慰，如果痛苦沒有意義，你為什麼不呢？

So let me end by asking you this question: if there ever came a time where we needed

是以，讓我最後問你這個問題：如果有一天，我們需要

someone to fight for a better world, someone to stand up to the tyrant who has money, power,

有人為更美好的世界而奮鬥，有人為擁有金錢、權力的暴君而站出來。

and force at their disposal, who would you want on your side: The Worldly Person or The

和武力，你希望誰站在你這邊。世俗的人或

Monk?

和尚？

Who could resist the trappings of money, power, pleasure, and comfort that the tyrant provides?

誰能抵制暴君提供的金錢、權力、享樂和舒適的束縛？

Who would be more likely to be his slave and serve his mission in exchange for his good

誰更有可能成為他的奴隸，為他的任務服務，以換取他的好處

favours?

恩惠？

And if you want to make a better life for yourself, which personality would you rather

如果你想為自己創造更好的生活，你願意選擇哪種性格

be: The Worldly Person or The Monk?

是。世俗的人還是僧侶？

So that concludes my exploration of Dostoevsky's teaching in /The Brothers Karamazov/.

是以，我對陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉馬佐夫兄弟》中的教學的探索到此結束。

As always, this is just my opinion and understanding of Dostoevsky's teaching, not advice.

一如既往，這只是我對陀思妥耶夫斯基教學的看法和理解，不是建議。

Feel free to use this information however you like, and if you have a different take

請隨意使用這些資訊，如果你有不同的看法

on the his words, I'd love to hear your perspective in the comments.

關於他的話，我很想在評論中聽到你的觀點。

If you liked the video, please consider liking the video.

如果你喜歡這個視頻，請考慮喜歡這個視頻。

And if you're looking for another video to watch after this one, I recommend watching

如果你想在這個視頻之後再看一個視頻，我推薦你看

my video “Dostoevsky - Never Lie to Yourself”.

我的視頻《陀思妥耶夫斯基--永遠不要對自己撒謊》。

I'll put a link to it in the description below and in the top right of the screen right

我會在下面的描述中和螢幕的右上方放一個鏈接。

now.

現在。