Name: 達沃斯。一個山區的精英會議如何變得如此具有分裂性 (Davos: How an elite meeting in the mountains became so divisive)
Uploaded: 2022-06-12T18:10:43.000Z
Duration: 9 min 48 s

Davos, the home of the World  Economic Forum's annual meeting.

達沃斯，世界經濟論壇年度會議的所在地。

程度副詞

Just imagine the net worth of some of the people that have passed through this building

試想一下，經過這棟樓的一些人的淨資產是多少？

Usually held in this Swiss ski  resort in the middle of winter,

通常是在這個瑞士的滑雪勝地舉行，時間是在隆冬。

the pandemic delayed  the 2022 edition till spring.

大流行病將2022年的版本延後到春天。

The warmer weather may have  melted the snow and ice here in Davos,

溫暖的天氣可能已經融化了達沃斯這裡的冰雪。

but as the super-rich get wealthier  and anti-establishment sentiment grows,

但隨著超級富豪越來越富有，反體制的情緒越來越高漲。

has enthusiasm for this gathering  of the global elite gone cold?

對這次全球精英聚會的熱情是否已經冷卻？

這場大流行對每個人來說都不是壞事。

While many people suffered dramatic health and economic hardships, the wealth of the

雖然許多人遭受了戲劇性的健康和經濟困難，但其財富

world's billionaires saw its biggest  increase since records began.

世界上的億萬富翁人數出現了有記錄以來的最大增長。

Although the global gap between the average incomes of the richest 10% and the poorest

儘管全球最富有的10%的人和最貧窮的人的平均收入之間的差距

50% has narrowed in recent years ,  it's a different story for the top 1%.

近年來，50%的比例已經縮小了，對於最高的1%的人來說是一個不同的故事。

Since 1995, average wealth  has grown at 3.2% per year.

自1995年以來，平均財富以每年3.2%的速度增長。

But the richest individuals  on earth grew their wealth

但地球上最富有的人的財富卻在增長

A separate report found that the  world's 2,755 billionaires added

一份單獨的報告發現，全球2755名億萬富翁增加了

$5 trillion to their  cumulative wealth in 2021.

2021年，他們的累計財富將增加5萬億美元。

In the same year, the world's 10 richest people added more than $400 billion to their

同年，世界上最富有的10位人士的收入增加了4000多億美元。

fortunes, with Tesla and SpaceX  CEO Elon Musk gaining $121 billion.

財富，其中特斯拉和SpaceX首席執行官埃隆-馬斯克獲得了1210億美元。

Which brings us back to Davos, where many of the world's richest and most powerful

這讓我們回到達沃斯，世界上許多最富有和最有權勢的人都在這裡。

people, the majority of whom are men,  convene for a weeklong get-together.

人，其中大多數是男性，召開了為期一週的聚會。

Even before the pandemic,  the event drew protestors

甚至在大流行病之前，該活動就吸引了抗議者

campaigning for social  justice and climate action.

爭取社會正義和氣候行動的運動。

One of those protestors many  years ago was Philipp Wilhelm.

許多年前的這些抗議者之一是菲利普-威廉。

These days however,  he's the town's mayor.

然而，這些天來，他是該鎮的鎮長。

How important is the World Economic  Forum's yearly meeting to Davos?

世界經濟論壇的年會對達沃斯有多重要？

I mean, it's really important in the sense of name recognition for our alpine city here.

我的意思是，這對我們這裡的高山城市的名稱識別來說，真的很重要。

A lot of people know the name Davos because of this event we have here and then

很多人知道達沃斯這個名字是因為我們在這裡舉辦的這個活動，然後

there's also an  economical point-of-view.

It is important because there's a lot of a lot of work for this whole redesign of the Davos

這很重要，因為整個達沃斯的重新設計有很多很多的工作。

promenade and of course  the overstays and so on,

長廊，當然還有逾期不歸等等。

they generate a lot of  income for local people as well.

他們也為當地人創造了大量的收入。

Before the pandemic, some  of the businesses in Davos

在大流行之前，達沃斯的一些企業

made about 40% of their annual  income during the conference.

在會議期間，他們的年收入約佔40%。

It's estimated that the WEF  meeting brings in between

據估計，世界經濟論壇的會議給中國帶來的經濟效益和社會效益介於兩者之間。

為當地經濟帶來5000萬歐元和6000萬歐元的收益。

You yourself use to protest against the World Economic Forum, or at least parts of it during

你自己也曾經抗議過世界經濟論壇，或者至少是部分的抗議。

When I grew up, I kind of got in touch with this, with the issues, which were discussed

當我長大後，我有點接觸到這一點，接觸到所討論的問題。

here, the distribution of power, of money, of wealth, as well, and also the climate situation.

在這裡，權力、金錢、財富的分配也是如此，還有氣候狀況。

So, are the people at the World Economic  Forum worried about the event's detractors?

那麼，世界經濟論壇的人是否擔心該活動的反對者？

I visited the organization's  headquarters in Geneva a week before their

我在該組織在日內瓦的總部訪問了一個星期，在他們的

big return to the  mountains to find out.

The pandemic has shown that the existing inequality in societies have now started showing its

這場大流行表明，社會中現有的不平等現象現在已經開始顯現。

fractures and that is also exactly why we need to double down on these efforts and ensure

這也正是我們需要加倍努力的原因，並確保

that the leaders are building the alliances, the partnerships to make change move much

領導人正在建立聯盟和夥伴關係，以使變革取得更大進展。

Saadia Zahidi is a managing director at the World Economic Forum.

薩迪亞-扎西迪是世界經濟論壇的常務董事。

She heads up the programming group that  puts together the annual event in Davos.

她是負責組織達沃斯年度活動的編程小組的負責人。

How much real change actually  happens in these meetings?

在這些會議上究竟發生了多少真正的變化？

The meeting is one marker in time, what we've been doing over the last two and a half years,

這次會議是一個時間標記，是我們在過去兩年半時間裡所做的事情。

while it hasn't been visible through a particular meeting is a set of work that is trying to

雖然它沒有通過一個特定的會議可見，但它是一套工作，正試圖

And at the same time, also make changes towards addressing one of the biggest existential

同時，也要為解決最大的生存問題之一做出改變。

risks we all face,  which is climate change.

我們都面臨的風險，這就是氣候變化。

Has the rising economic inequality between the super-rich and everyone else become a

超級富豪和其他所有人之間不斷加劇的經濟不平等是否已成為

bit of a problem for the World Economic  Forum and the annual meeting?

對世界經濟論壇和年會來說有點問題？

Societies that do not combat  inequality will have slower growth.

不打擊不平等的社會將有更慢的增長。

And so there has to be an  effort that addresses inequality.

是以，必須要有解決不平等問題的努力。

Now, what does that, better education, better skills, better jobs, addressing issues like

現在，那是什麼，更好的教育，更好的技能，更好的工作，解決諸如

taxation, and changing the nature  of our economies so that they

稅收，並改變我們的經濟性質，使它們

actually work for people  and not just for the few.

真正為人們工作，而不僅僅是為少數人工作。

And that is going to be front  and center on next week's agenda.

而這將是下週議程上的前線和中心。

To emphasise the importance of making these changes, WEF's theme for the 2022 annual

為了強調進行這些變革的重要性，世界經濟論壇2022年的年度主題為

meeting is History at a Turning Point: Government Policies and Business Strategies.

會議是處於轉捩點的歷史。政府政策和商業戰略。

The themes for the last four annual meetings have  also been slogans aimed at some of these concerns.

過去四次年會的主題也都是針對其中一些關切的口號。

2018 was all about ' a shared  future in a fractured world'.

2018年的主題是 "在一個支離破碎的世界中實現共同的未來"。

2019 – a new economic era:  Globalization 4.0.

2019年--一個新的經濟時代。  全球化4.0。

2020 – 'Stakeholders for a Cohesive  and Sustainable World'

2020年--"利益相關者創造一個有凝聚力和可持續的世界

But this doesn't seem to have had much  effect in reducing opposition to the event.

但這似乎沒有在減少對該活動的反對方面產生什麼影響。

In fact, the term, which was also the title of a book co-authored by WEF founder Klaus

事實上，這個詞也是世界經濟論壇創始人克勞斯-卡斯特羅(Klaus)共同撰寫的一本書的標題。

Schwab, was widely used by conspiracy  theorists on the far right and left.

施瓦布，被極右和極左的陰謀論者廣泛使用。

Hundreds of thousands of posts using the phrase circulated on social media during the height

高峰時期，社交媒體上流傳著幾十萬個使用該短語的帖子。

of the pandemic, with some of the most popular claiming these so-called conspirators were

一些最流行的說法是，這些所謂的陰謀家是......。

using the virus to bring  about total economic collapse.

利用該病毒導致經濟全面崩潰。

We, like many other organisations have been the target of misinformation campaigns.

我們和其他許多組織一樣，一直是錯誤信息宣傳的目標。

And that is something that we're very proactively trying to work towards combating.

而這是我們非常積極主動地努力打擊的事情。

We believe in science, we believe in evidence, and we believe in expertise.

我們相信科學，我們相信證據，我們相信專業知識。

And that's, you know, what the 100 or so experts that are gathered at this meeting, along with

這就是，你知道，聚集在這次會議上的100多位專家，以及

business leaders and political leaders,  that's what they're going to provide.

商業領袖和政治領袖，這就是他們要提供的東西。

One of the more mainstream criticisms of WEF is that while a lot of time is spent talking

對世界經濟論壇比較主流的責備之一是，雖然花了很多時間談論

about philanthropic ideas, there's a real lack of discussion about tax evasion.

關於慈善事業的想法，確實缺乏關於逃稅的討論。

In 2019, a clip of Dutch historian Rutger Bregman speaking on a panel at WEF went viral.

2019年，荷蘭歷史學家魯特格-佈雷格曼在世界經濟論壇的一個小組中發言的片段走紅網絡。

Ten years ago, the World Economic Forum asked a question: what must industry do to prevent

十年前，世界經濟論壇提出了一個問題：工業界必須做些什麼來防止

The answer's very simple, just stop talking about philanthropy and start talking about taxes.

答案非常簡單，只要停止談論慈善事業，開始談論稅收。

Max Lawson is Head of  Inequality Policy at Oxfam.

馬克斯-勞森是樂施會的不平等政策主管。

They, along with many other social justice groups, organize protests during WEF.

他們與其他許多社會正義團體一起，在世界經濟論壇期間組織抗議活動。

The reason that Davos is angered, so many people, it's not because of the meeting itself.

達沃斯之所以被激怒，那麼多的人，並不是因為會議本身。

But because what it symbolises, it symbolises the lack of democracy in our world, the sense

但因為它象徵著什麼，它象徵著我們的世界缺乏民主，感覺到

that we have to listen to the super rich  more than we listen to ordinary people.

我們必須更多地聽取超級富豪的意見，而不是聽取普通人的意見。

The World Economic Forum is  good at raising some issues.

世界經濟論壇善於提出一些問題。

But ultimately, the  problem is billionaires.

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達沃斯。一個山區的精英會議如何變得如此具有分裂性 (Davos: How an elite meeting in the mountains became so divisive)

pandemic

average

sustainable

sense