Name: 為什麼更難掙得比父母多 | 經濟學家（Why it's harder to earn more than your parents | The Economist）
Uploaded: 2022-05-21T04:52:27.000Z
Duration: 25 min 18 s
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I look down on him because I am upper class

I look up to him because he is upper class

...you might think climbing the social ladder has got easier...

In many rich countries the class you’re born into still dominates...

No one talks about these sort of hidden privileges...

...that are going on underneath the surface

...your chances of climbing up the income ladder...

...are some of the lowest in the rich world

What the data suggest is that we’re not...

This lack of social mobility is causing serious political rifts

When people feel they just don’t have a shot

So what’s gone wrong? And what can be done...

...feels like a lifetime ago to be honest

As a child, Sophie Pender lived on a council estate...

...their dad is an alcoholic and a drug addict

I think people just expect them to follow the path...

...and is passionate about helping working-class people, to get ahead

People have felt comfortable insulting me...

...well if you’re working class you can change that

If you live on a council estate that’s your fault

But actually, it’s a whole host of factors that mean...

...you know, the opportunities available to them

...your chances of moving up the income ladder are lower...

There’s just a 9% probability of moving...

...from the bottom of the income ladder...

...you’re almost 50% more likely to make it to the top...

...if you live in places like Canada or Denmark

This is known as relative social mobility

Part of the reason for these differences...

...is the level of wealth, income inequality...

...for rising income and wealth inequality

...is that when you have a lot of income inequality...

...the rungs on the ladder of opportunity are much further apart

And that makes it harder to climb that ladder

...have also pulled away from everyone else

And declining social mobility is bad news for American society

The fact that if you are not from that privileged background...

...that you feel like your kids are set up for failure to some degree...

...that’s a very powerful political impulse

It’s been a real source of energy for populist movements...

...not just in America but also across the world

September 2nd 1945, and America’s joy...

...bubbled over into unrestrained jubilation

...countries such as America and Britain...

Government is big business, but far from the only one

An expansion in professional and managerial jobs...

And as result, if you were born in the post-war years in America...

...you had a 90% chance of making more money than your parents

From a high in the 1940s, absolute mobility has been falling

...born in the 1980s had just a 50% chance...

...of making more money than their parents

One team of economists have dubbed this phenomenon...

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為什麼更難掙得比父母多 | 經濟學家（Why it's harder to earn more than your parents | The Economist）

incredibly

pandemic

access

opportunity