Name: 你不在你認為的地方 (You Are Not Where You Think You Are)
Uploaded: 2022-05-17T23:36:18.000Z
Duration: 9 min 55 s

Look around you. Where are you? Where is this  place you are occupying? Somewhere in a room,  

看看你的周圍。你在哪裡？你所佔據的這個地方是哪裡？在房間的某個地方。

maybe in a city on a continent on a planet  orbiting a star in a galaxy among billions.  

也許是在一個大陸上的一個城市，在一個星系中圍繞一顆恆星運行的星球上，在幾十億的星系中。  

情態助動詞 B1

But… where is all of that? While  this may feel like a daft question,  

但是......這些都在哪裡？雖然這可能感覺是一個愚蠢的問題。

it turns out that the concept of an absolute  position is something humans made up.

事實證明，絕對位置的概念是人類創造出來的。

In a nutshell, the universe is a big  bag of space that has things in it.  

簡而言之，宇宙是一個大的空間袋，裡面有東西。  

If someone removed all these things, the  stars and planets and black holes and dust,  

如果有人把這些東西都去掉了，恆星、行星、黑洞和灰塵。

there would just be empty space left.  In empty space, the concept of having  

就會只剩下空的空間。  在空曠的空間裡，擁有的概念

a position loses all meaning. Empty  space is uniform, the same everywhere.

一個位置就失去了所有的意義。空的空間是統一的，到處都一樣。

The space we occupy is not like a stage under  our feet. We can't mark specific points,  

我們所佔據的空間並不像我們腳下的舞臺。我們無法標記具體的點。

or staple something to spacetime as an  anchor. Without things there is no position.  

或把東西釘在時空上作為錨。沒有東西就沒有位置。  

We are really ever only at a position  in relation to something else.  

我們實際上永遠只是處於與其他事物相關的位置。  

Which also means that things we take for granted,  like up and down are actually relative too.

這也意味著，我們認為理所當然的事情，如向上和向下實際上也是相對的。

Ok, let us fill the universe up with things again  

好吧，讓我們再把宇宙中的東西填滿吧

and try to find out where you are,  right now. Relative to everything else.

並試著找出你現在的位置。相對於其他一切。

Let us start this video at a familiar place  and then get increasingly weird. From your  

讓我們從一個熟悉的地方開始這段視頻，然後變得越來越奇怪。從你的

perspective the world is seemingly flat and you  can move in 3 dimensions. It's what physicists  

透視世界似乎是平的，你可以在三維空間中移動。這就是物理學家

call a 'frame of reference' - the perspective  you have of the universe and how you see things  

稱為 "參照系"--你對宇宙的看法以及你看待事物的方式

moving around you. Where your up and down  is. Your frame of reference is correct.  

在你周圍移動。你的上下左右在哪裡。你的參考框架是正確的。  

For you – but not for the rest of the universe.

對你來說--但對宇宙的其他人來說不是。

Around 5 kilometers from you, where the horizon  begins, the ground noticeably curves away from  

在距離你5公里左右的地方，也就是地平線開始的地方，地面明顯地彎曲，遠離了

you. If you could see through the ground,  you'd see people from below or sideways.  

你。如果你能看穿地面，你會從下面或側面看到人。  

But they don't fall 'down' off the planet  because gravity doesn't actually pull them down.  

但是他們不會從地球上 "掉下來"，因為重力實際上並沒有把他們拉下來。  

'Down' is an illusion of your reference frame. To  earth's reference frame, gravity just pulls in.

下降 "是你的參考框架的一個幻覺。對於地球的參照系來說，重力只是被拉入。

But for humans there is an up and down because  within our frame of reference that just makes  

但對人類來說，有一個上升和下降，因為在我們的參考框架內，這只是使

sense. Which is also why we think that the planet  itself has an up and down, north and south. And  

意義。這也是為什麼我們認為地球本身有一個向上和向下、向北和向南。而且

we made our maps accordingly. But an observer  looking at the solar system might disagree.  

我們相應地製作了我們的地圖。但是一個觀察者在觀察太陽系時可能不同意。  

Our maps make sense to us because we are  used to them, not because they are correct.

我們的地圖對我們來說是有意義的，因為我們已經習慣了它們，而不是因為它們是正確的。

Ok. So this is step one – your position  on what feels like a flat surface but  

好的。所以這是第一步--你的位置在感覺上是一個平坦的表面，但是

is actually a sphere. But this sphere is  always moving, never staying in one position.  

實際上是一個球體。但這個球體一直在移動，從未停留在一個位置。  

Earth is orbiting a star, the sun  at the center of the solar system.

地球正圍繞著一顆恆星運行，即太陽系中心的太陽。

While we usually imagine this as pretty orderly,  

雖然我們通常把這想象成相當有秩序的。

someone looking at us from the outside  would see something pretty messy.  

有人從外面看我們，會看到相當混亂的東西。  

To see this more clearly we'll exaggerate  all these movements, this is not to scale.

為了更清楚地看到這一點，我們將誇大所有這些運動，這不是按比例的。

First of all, our orbit really is an ellipse,  so we spend half the year sinking a little  

首先，我們的軌道確實是一個橢圓，所以我們每年有一半的時間都在下沉。

bit closer to the sun speeding up, and half  the year rising up a bit and slowing down.  

有點接近太陽的速度，一年中有一半的時間上升了一點，又慢了下來。  

And the ellipsis itself changes  its shape every 100,000 years too.

而省略號本身也是每10萬年改變一次形狀。

And in another cycle of 112,000 years, the  ellipse itself is drifting – which at least  

而在另一個112,000年的週期中，橢圓本身也在漂移--這至少是

creates a beautiful shape. In the end, we  get an orbital path that looks like a wobbly  

形成一個美麗的形狀。最後，我們得到的軌道路徑看起來像一個搖擺不定的

circle with wavy edges. And it gets worse, as  the moon now starts to screw things up too.

邊緣呈波浪形的圓圈。而且情況越來越糟，因為現在月亮也開始把事情搞砸了。

As the moon is a pretty massive thing, it pulls on  earth. Both objects orbit their common center of  

由於月球是一個相當大的東西，它拉住了地球。兩個物體都圍繞著它們共同的中心

gravity, that lies around 4700 km off to the  side of Earth's core. In practice this means  

在地球核心一側約4700公里的地方，有一種重力。在實踐中，這意味著

that as the moon orbits earth, it is jerking  earth around a bit, enough to make it jiggle.

當月球繞著地球運行時，它使地球有些搖晃，足以使它搖晃。

Ok so you are standing on the  surface of a rotating planet,  

好了，你正站在一個旋轉的星球表面。

that is jiggling around the sun in an  elliptical orbit that changes a bit every year.

圍繞著太陽在橢圓軌道上晃動，每年都有一些變化。

But who's to say the earth is right? From  

the perspective of the sun the plane  of the solar system is arbitrary,  

從太陽的角度來看，太陽系的平面是任意的。

it's defined as the plane the earth orbits in  because that is convenient for us. In reality  

它被定義為地球軌道的平面，因為這對我們來說很方便。在現實中

the other planets are just a little  bit inclined with respect to our plane.  

其他行星只是相對於我們的平面有一點傾斜。  

From their point of view, we're the  ones with a slightly bent orbit.

從他們的角度來看，我們才是軌道稍微彎曲的人。

But this is not it – far from it! The solar system  as a whole is orbiting the center of the milky  

但事實並非如此--遠非如此!太陽系作為一個整體正在圍繞著銀河系的中心運行。

way galaxy. If we look at the milky way, we can  clearly make out a galactic plane in which the  

途徑星系。如果我們看一下銀河系，我們可以清楚地看到一個銀河系的平面，其中

solar system orbits the center every 230 million  years. But of course it is not that simple.

太陽系每隔2.3億年就會圍繞中心運行。但當然，事情沒有那麼簡單。

First of all, the plane of the solar system  is not aligned with the plane of the galaxy.  

首先，太陽系的平面與銀河系的平面不一致。  

Nothing really is – just like the planets in the  solar system orbit the sun on their own planes, so  

沒有什麼是真正的--就像太陽系中的行星在它們自己的平面上圍繞太陽運行一樣，所以

do all the stars orbiting the galactic center. The  solar system as a whole is tilted about 60 degrees  

所有圍繞銀河系中心運行的恆星都是如此。太陽系作為一個整體傾斜了約60度

towards the galactic plane, speeding through  space at almost a million kilometers per hour.

朝著銀河系平面，以幾乎每小時一百萬公里的速度在太空中飛馳。

Someone in the center of the galaxy would see  the orbits of the planets moving through space  

在銀河系中心的人將看到行星的軌道在空間中移動

in a helix shape, which you can  imagine as a corkscrew motion,  

呈螺旋狀，你可以想象為開瓶器的運動。

on the tilted plane of the solar system,  relative to the plane of the galaxy.

在太陽系的傾斜平面上，相對於銀河系的平面。

This orientation in space means that sometimes the  

這種空間上的定位意味著，有時

planets are sort of in front of the sun  as it orbits around the galactic core.  

當太陽圍繞銀河系核心運行時，行星有點在太陽的前面。  

Let us just look at this for a moment  – there is a strange and eerie beauty  

讓我們先看一下這個--有一種奇怪而陰森的美感

abouthow our planets and the sun move through  space. Do you feel a bit dizzy? It gets worse.

關於我們的行星和太陽如何在太空中移動。你覺得有點頭暈嗎？情況會變得更糟。

This is still not the whole story because the  mass of the galactic disk is constantly pulling on  

這仍然不是故事的全部，因為星系盤的品質不斷地拉扯著

the solar system too. Like a drunk dolphin, we're  diving down and shooting up hundreds of lightyears  

太陽系也是如此。像喝醉了的海豚一樣，我們潛入地下，射出數百光年的距離

through the galactic plane, ten times every  orbit, along arcs thousands of light years long.  

通過銀河系平面，每個軌道十次，沿著數千光年長的弧線。  

We haven't mapped this motion out  completely, as it takes the solar  

我們還沒有完全描繪出這個運動，因為它需要太陽

system tens of millions of years to go up and  back once; and, well, humanity is not that old.

系統幾千萬年才上溯一次；而且，人類還沒有那麼老。

Let's look at your relative  position again. On a planet,  

讓我們再看一下你的相對位置。在一個星球上。

tilted towards the sun, jiggled around by  the moon. In a solar system tilted towards  

傾斜於太陽，被月球晃來晃去。在一個向太陽傾斜的太陽系中

the galactic plane, moving forward in a helical  shape, diving up and down through the plane.

銀河系平面，以螺旋形向前移動，在平面內上下跳動。

Hm. But where is “up” in a galaxy? At this point  the frame of reference becomes a bit arbitrary  

嗯。但在一個星系中，"上 "在哪裡？在這一點上，參考框架變得有點隨意了

and pointless because of the nature of the  universe at this scale. The Milky way is  

而且毫無意義，因為在這種規模的宇宙的性質。銀河系是

part of a galaxy group that appears to be part of  greater structures like the Laniakea Supercluster,  

是一個星系群的一部分，似乎是像Laniakea超星系團這樣更大結構的一部分。

which itself is part of the gigantic Pisces–Cetus  Supercluster Complex and finally a galactic  

它本身是巨大的雙魚座-鯨魚座超星系團的一部分，最後是一個銀河系的

filament that spans hundreds of millions of  lightyears in all directions and orientations.

在各個方向和方向上橫跨數億光年的燈絲。

Someone looking right at us from that far  away will only see the End of Greatness.  

有人從那麼遠的地方直視我們，只會看到偉大的盡頭。  

All stuff appears homogeneous, the same  everywhere. Just like with empty space,  

所有的東西看起來都是同質的，到處都一樣。就像空的空間一樣。

when everything looks the same, who's to say  anyone's view is better than anyone else's?

當一切看起來都一樣的時候，誰又能說誰的觀點比別人的好呢？

We have reached the end of our  little exercise in cosmic humility.  

我們已經達到了我們在宇宙謙卑方面的小練習的終點。  

Let us make the journey backwards again. From  the indescribably large, to the really large,  

讓我們再次進行倒退的旅程。從難以形容的大，到真正的大。

to our galactic home, to our galaxy, to the solar  system diving up and down through the milky way,  

到我們的銀河系家園，到我們的銀河系，到太陽系在銀河系中上下跳動。

to the jiggle of existence. And finally,  back to you, right now, watching this video.

到存在的抖動。最後，回到你身邊，現在，看這個視頻。

If this is all a bit much, don't feel bad.  The scale of the universe is brain crushing  

如果這一切有點多，不要感到難過。  宇宙的規模讓人頭腦發脹

and trying to keep track of how everything is  oriented or decide where the best up and down is,  

並試圖跟蹤所有東西的方向，或決定哪裡是最佳的上下位置。

is hard. But it doesn't really matter.  Because it doesn't change where you are.  

是很難的。但這其實並不重要。  因為它並不改變你的位置。  

You're already in the best spot you could possibly  be – right here, right now. For all you care  

你已經在你可能的最佳位置--就在這裡，就在現在。對於你所關心的

nothing can stop you from being right at  the center of your own little universe.

沒有什麼能阻止你成為你自己小宇宙的中心。

Perspective really is everything. That is true  for the universe we all inhabit, but even more  

視角真的是一切。對於我們所居住的宇宙來說，這是真的，但更多的是

so within your personal universe. The way your  life will unfold also depends on what you consider  

所以在你的個人宇宙中。你的生活將如何展開也取決於你認為的

possible. Take us at Kurzgesagt: our passion is  to spark curiosity for science and make videos for  

可能的。以我們Kurzgesagt公司為例：我們的熱情是激發人們對科學的好奇心，併為他們製作視頻。

free. But this is not a great business model so we  began to create our own lines of science posters,  

免費的。但這不是一個很好的商業模式，所以我們開始創造我們自己的科學海報系列。

calendars and fun kurzgesagt merch - pieces of  Kurzgesagt - that you can take home and touch.

日曆和有趣的Kurzgesagt商品--Kurzgesagt的碎片--你可以帶回家並觸摸。

And we are doing this with Shopify, who  also were so kind as to sponsor this  

我們與Shopify一起做這件事，他們也非常友好地贊助了這個活動。

video – which delighted us because we have  been using their platform for years now.  

視頻--這讓我們很高興，因為我們已經使用他們的平臺多年了。  

Shopify is an e-commerce platform that  allows you to start and grow your business.  

Shopify是一個電子商務平臺，允許你開始和發展你的業務。  

And by starting a business, we really do mean  from scratch: if you want to sell your handmade  

而我們所說的創業，確實是指從零開始：如果你想出售你的手工製作的

ceramic mugs out of your bedroom today, you can.  But not just that – if you want to scale your  

今天，你可以從你的臥室裡拿出陶瓷杯。  但不僅僅是這樣--如果你想擴大你的

one-man show to a sizeable team, then Shopify  has the tools to support you on your journey.  

從一個人的表演到一個有規模的團隊，那麼Shopify有各種工具來支持你的旅程。  

Now you just have to get started: go to  shopify.com/kurzgesagt to get a free 14 day trial.

現在你只需要開始：去shopify.com/kurzgesagt獲得14天的免費試用。