Name: 【CNN10】NASA帕克探測器，前所未見的太陽景觀 | 2022年3月29日 (Never Before Seen Views Of The Sun | March 29, 2022)
Uploaded: 2022-04-04T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min

情態副詞

Sun, sand, and syrup separately sum up today's show.

太陽、沙子和糖漿分別總結了今天的節目。

I'm Carl Azuz, and we're thankful you're watching.

100 years ago, solar weather was a lot less relevant than it is today.

100年前，太空天氣和我們的密切程度比現今要低得多。

Flares and ejections from our nearest star didn't have any impact on satellites, global positioning systems, astronauts, mainly because none of those things existed.

當時，離我們最近的天體的閃焰耀斑和拋射對衛星、全球定位系統，太空人都沒有任何影響，主要是因為這些東西都不存在。

But now, these events could potentially disrupt all that, plus airlines on the power grid, and that's part of the reason why scientists from the United States and the European Union have sent a pair of probes to study the sun.

但現在，太空事件，再加上航空公司的電網，都可能擾亂所有這些東西，而這也是美國和歐盟的科學家派出一對探測器研究太陽的部分原因。

The American spacecraft is Nasa's Parker Solar Probe; it's named for astrophysicist Eugene N. Parker, who predicted the existence of solar wind in the 1950s and most scientists then didn't believe him, according to the "New York Times".

美國的航天器是美國國家航空航天局的帕克太陽探測器；它是以天體物理學家尤金和帕克命名的，他在1950年代預測了太陽風的存在，據《紐約時報》報道，當時大多數科學家都不相信他。

The Parker Solar Probe is on a 1.5-billion-dollar mission and will fly through the sun's atmosphere.

帕克太陽探測器正在執行一項價值15億美元的任務，將飛過太陽的大氣層。

That spacecraft is working with another from the European Space Agency⏤that one's called the Solar Orbiter; it's named for its mission to orbit the sun.

該航天器正在與歐洲太空總署的另一個航天器合作⏤⏤那個叫太陽軌道器；它因其任務為圍繞太陽運行而被命名。

This probe also cost 1.5 billion dollars, the money coming from both Europe and the US, and both of these spacecraft have some serious heat shields to withstand extreme temperatures that the Earth's atmosphere and distance from the sun protect us from.

這一探測器也花費了15億美元，這筆錢來自歐洲和美國，而這兩個航天器都有一些重要的熱防護罩，以抵禦極端溫度，地球的大氣層和其與太陽的距離保護我們免受極端溫度影響。

Space.com says the Parker Probe's shield will work to keep its instruments at a temperature of about 85°F, though the probe itself will face measurements of thousands of degrees higher.

Space.com 說，帕克探測器的防護罩將努力使其儀器保持在大約85華氏度的溫度，儘管探測器本身將面臨估計高於數千度的溫度。

Here's Rachel Crane on how the two probes can work together.

下面是 Rachel Crane 關於這兩個探頭如何一起工作的介紹。

Here are some of the most unprecedented and informative images of the sun ever taken.

這裡有一些最史無前例、內容最豐富的太陽圖片。

They're made possible by these two machines: Nasa's Parker Solar Probe and the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter.

圖片是這兩臺機器取得的：美國國家航空航天局的帕克太陽探測器，以及歐洲太空總署的太陽軌道器。

Parker was sent up by NASA in August of 2018, with Solar Orbiter following it in February 2020.

帕克於2018年8月被美國國家航空航天局送上天，太陽軌道器則於2020年2月跟隨它。

Parker plans to make 24 passes around the sun before its mission ends in 2025; Solar Orbiter will be making close approaches to the sun every 6 months through at least 2030.

帕克計畫於2025 任務結束前繞行太陽24次；太陽軌道器將至少在2030年之前，每六個月接近一次太陽。

They've been sent to investigate major questions about the star at the center of our Solar System.

他們被派去調查有關我們太陽系中心的恆星的重大問題。

是什麼推動了它11年的磁力週期？

Answers to these questions could give us a better understanding of how the sun affects space weather and to better protect satellites that we rely on for everyday activities here on earth.

這些問題的解答可以讓我們更好瞭解太陽如何影響太空天氣，並更好保護我們在地球上日常活動所依賴的衛星。

So, why are there two separate probes launched by two different space agencies to observe the same sun?

那麼，為什麼會有兩個不同的太空機構發射兩個獨立的探測器，來觀察同一個太陽呢？

It's because they have complementary capabilities and viewpoints of the sun that help broaden the information they collect.

這是因為他們的能力和對太陽的觀察位置互補，這有助於拓寬他們收集的資訊。

For example, cameras can't survive looking directly at the sun from as close as Parker will be.

例如，相機不能像帕克那樣近距離直視太陽。

So, the Solar Orbiter will capture images of the sun and collect context information from what Parker observes.

因此，太陽軌道器將捕捉太陽的影像，並從帕克的觀察中收集背景資訊。

Solar Orbiter plans on getting as close as 26 million miles from the sun⏤that's under a third of the Earth's average distance from the sun.

太陽軌道器計劃離太陽最近至2600萬英里，這還不到地球與太陽平均距離的三分之一。

Parker will get seven times closer than the record holder for a solar pass, flying into the sun's corona within 3.8 million miles of its surface.

帕克將比之前通過太陽的記錄保持者，以七倍近的距離再更接近太陽，它將飛入太陽表層380萬英里範圍內的日冕。

If the sun can make you too hot here on Earth, imagine being that close to it!

如果在地球上你覺得太陽讓你太熱，想象一下帕克跟它有多近！

Parker has been specifically designed to withstand temperatures approaching 2,500°F.

帕克已被特別設計能承受近2500華氏度的溫度。

To protect itself, Parker has been fitted with a 4.5-inch-thick carbon composite shield.

為了保護自己，帕克已經安裝了一個4.5英寸厚的碳纖維複合材料盾牌。

Solar Orbiter, traveling farther away, only has to withstand temperatures over 930°F, but it's fitted with cameras which need to look at the sun, so Solar Orbiter's heat shield actually has holes drilled into it to allow light in for observation.

在更遠處行駛的太陽軌道器只需承受超過930華氏度的溫度，但它裝有需要觀察太陽的攝影機，因此，太陽軌道飛行器的隔熱罩實際上鑽有孔，以允許光線進入來進行觀察。

Parker's orbit takes it through the sun's corona to sample where corona plasma detaches to become solar wind.

帕克的軌道帶它穿過太陽的日冕，對在何處日冕等離子體會附著而成為太陽風的地方，進行採樣。

Parker carries with it four instruments to study magnetic fields, plasma, and energetic particles, and to image the solar wind and how it accelerates.

帕克攜帶了四種儀器，以研究磁場、等離子體和高能粒子，並對太陽風和它如何加速進行成像。

Solar Orbiter isn't flying in a fixed orbit, but it's in resonance with Venus,

太陽軌道器不是在固定的軌道上飛行，而是與金星發生了共振，

using the planet's gravitational pull every few passes to attempt to gradually shift its orbit to about 33 degrees above the solar equator, delivering never-before-seen views of the sun's polar regions.

利用金星的引力，每經過幾次便試圖將其軌道，逐漸轉移到太陽赤道上方約33度，提供從未見過的太陽極區的景色。

為什麼這些探測器現在要這樣做？

Because the sun is heading towards what's known as "solar maximum", which is the peak of solar activity every 11 years.

因為太陽正在走向所謂的「太陽極大期」，也就是每11年一次太陽活動的高峰。

The next peak is predicted to occur in July 2025.

據預測，下一個高峰將在2025年7月出現。

So, this is their best opportunity to learn as much about the sun and how it relates to us here on earth until 2036.

因此，這是他們最好的機會，在2036年之前，儘可能多地瞭解太陽以及它與我們在地球上的關係。

10-second trivia: Which of these American traditions started in 1938?

10秒鐘小知識：這些美國傳統中，哪一個始於1938年？

Fireworks on July 4th, Memorial Day parades, Spring Break, or Easter egg hunts.

7月4日的煙花秀、陣亡將士紀念日的遊行、春假，或復活節彩蛋活動。

Spring Break's origins lie in a trip a New York swim team took to Florida in 1938.

春假起源於1938年紐約游泳隊到佛羅里達州的一次旅行。

Early next month, we should get a picture of how much higher prices were this March as compared with a year ago.

下月初，我們應該就能得知今年3月與一年前相比，價格高出多少。

For February, inflation was 7.9% higher than it was in February 2021, and that was its biggest increase in 40 years.

2月的通貨膨脹率比2021年2月高出7.9%，這是40年來最大的增幅。

But it's not just gas and groceries; the cost of renting a place to live was 17% higher in February than it was last year at that time, that's according to realtor.com, and it means rent costs are at their highest level ever.

但這不僅僅是汽油和食品雜貨的上漲；2月份的租房成本比去年這個時候高出17%，這是根據房地產經紀人網站的數據，同時意味著租金成本處於歷史最高水準。

With Spring Break getting underway, inflations in the prices of tickets for travel and events⏤it's on menus and in activities, but there's so much pent-up demand to get out of the house following the lockdowns and restrictions related to COVID-19.

隨著春假的進行，旅遊和活動的門票價格膨脹，反應在菜單上和活動中，但在所有與COVID-19有關的鎖定和限制之下，出現非常多壓抑已久必須走出家門透透氣的需求。

How are Americans balancing inflation and entertainment?

美國人是如何平衡通貨膨脹和娛樂的？

For families who haven't traveled much in the last 2 to 3 years...

對於過去2、3年都沒什麼在旅行的家庭...

It's given me time to save up and to get organized and budget it.

它給了我時間來存錢、打點好一切，並且做預算。

... they're determined to take a trip in spite of the sticker shock.

...他們決定來一次旅行，儘管價格高得嚇人。

From here in California, where tourists are paying some of the highest gas prices in the nation, to higher airfares due to unprecedented demand to higher hotel rates like here in Miami Beach, where the average price is more than $500 a night.

加州這邊，遊客們正在支付全美最高的油價，以及由於前所未有的需求而導致更高的機票價格，到更貴的飯店住宿費，例如邁阿密海灘一帶平均價格一晚超過500美元。

On the travel website Kayak, recent searches show the average price of domestic flights to Panama City, Florida, for example, is $494.

旅遊網站 Kayak上，最新搜尋到的，比如說飛往佛羅里達巴拿馬城國內線機票的平均價格是494美元。

In March of 2019, that would've averaged just over $300.

2019年三月時，平均價格大約只需300多美元。

The Cabara family flew from Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Los Angeles.

Cabara一家從威斯康辛州密爾沃基市飛往洛杉磯。

Once we got out here, we realized that things are very expensive right now.

我們一來到這裡，就意識到現在的東西非常昂貴。

The average rental car in the US, according to Kayak, averages $76 a day, more than $20 higher than two years ago.

根據Kayak的數據，美國的平均租車費用為76美元/天，比兩年前高出20多美元。

We're actually spending more money in Uber than we are in flying out here.

我們花在Uber上的錢，實際上比飛到這裡的錢還要多。

That's likely because regular gas is, on average, more than $4 a gallon this month, the highest of any month in history, up from 2.51 in March of 2019.

這可能是因為本月普通汽油平均每加侖超過4美元，是歷史上最高的一個月，高於2019年3月的2.51美元。

That's affecting the owner of Starline Tours, who says the company typically spends $100 a day on fuel for these buses, and now, they're spending $220 every day.

這影響了Starlines Tours（美國觀光巴士）的老闆，他說該公司通常每天為這些巴士花費100美元的燃料，現在他們每天花費220美元。

We still maintained our prices at the moment, but we're going to have to look at going to full summer pricing right now rather than waiting until the summer.

我們目前仍然維持著我們的價格，但我們考慮現在就進入夏季定價，而不是等到夏季才進行調整。

Kayak shows hotel rates averaging about $300 per night, up nearly $70 since March of 2019.

Kayak顯示，飯店價格平均每晚上漲約300美元，自2019年3月以來上漲近70美元。

Even theme parks will cost you more, from paid express lines to pricier food.

即使是主題公園也會讓你花費更多，從付費快線到更昂貴的食物。

It is adding up; it's expensive to just eat 'cause these boys don't...they play around, they don't play around, they're hungry all the time.

它是加起來的；光吃飯就很貴，因為這些男孩不...他們不管玩不玩，一直都很餓。

People are accepting it and they're going...now, maybe they're making adjustments along the way.

人們正在接受它，他們現在還是都在去...不過也許他們正在旅途中的其他方面調整花費。

While the cheapest single-day Disney tickets stayed the same price since 2019, there are now fewer days priced at value season.

雖然自2019年以來，最便宜的單日迪士尼門票保持了相同的價格，但現在按淡旺季來定價的天數較少了。

Meanwhile, a discount tracking website, Mouse Savers, shows the most expensive types of tickets at Disneyland and Disney World during the busiest season jumped 11 or 12% from two years ago.

同時，折扣跟蹤網站 Mouse Savers 顯示，在最繁忙的季節，迪士尼樂園及度假區最昂貴的門票類型，比兩年前躍升了11%或12%。

Wherever they go, however much it costs, some families say they just need to get out of the house now, and they'll scale back later.

無論他們去哪裡，無論花費多少，一些家庭說，他們現在就是需要走出家門，以後再縮減出遊規模。

[I] Think we will probably make a smaller summer vacation because we made a big Spring Break vacation.

我想我們可能只會在暑假小玩一下，因為我們已在春假大玩特玩。

Since the invention of the soft drink, which probably dates back to Schweppes in the 1780s, people and companies have been tinkering with different flavors.

自從軟飲料的發明以來，可能可以追溯到1980年代的舒味思公司，人們和公司一直在隨意嘗試不同的口味。

This one is gonna sound either really good or really nasty.

這個聽起來要麼非常好，要麼非常噁。

A cola company and a pancake company have teamed up to produce Pepsi Maple Syrup.

一家可樂公司和一家煎餅公司合作，生產楓糖漿口味百事可樂。

IHOP（煎餅連鎖餐廳名）與其聯名。

Yes, it's gonna be sweet, doubtful it's gonna be all-natural.

是的，它將喝起來甜甜的，真令人懷疑它是否全天然。

Either way, it's not gonna be in stores, at least at first.

無論哪種方式，它都不會出現在商店裡，至少剛開始不會。

2,000 winners of an online sweepstakes will get their very own six-pack.

在網上抽獎活動中，至少有1,000名獲獎者將獲得他們自己的六罐裝。

Sometimes companies get "Schwepped" up in possibilities and "Sprites" in all the sugar they "cane"; not everyone's a "Fanta" that and not all of them have the "Moxie" to step "7-up" and make something "Fresca".

有時，公司會為此可能性瘋狂因此將糖灌好灌滿；不是每個人都是他們的粉絲，也不是每個人都有這樣的勇氣敢採取行動做出這些酷酷的冰涼飲品。

But before someone "Barq's" at them and thinks "Shaz" to go to the doctor to "Pepper" him with health questions, remember, soft drinks are all big "fizzness".

但在有人開始排斥它們，並認為我們該去看看健康是否亮紅燈之前，記得，軟飲料都是大生意。

Colchester is a town in Vermont, and it's there we heard from Colchester High School. Let's go, Lakers!

科爾切斯特是佛蒙特州的一個小鎮，哈囉科爾切斯特高中的大家。加油，科爾切斯特湖人隊！

Our YouTube channel is the only place to request a shout-out.

記得來我們的YouTube頻道和我們打個招呼。