Name: 這位天體物理學家在假的火星上尋找超新星的線索 (This Astrophysicist Hunts for Supernovae Clues on a Fake Mars)
Uploaded: 2021-11-15T20:40:31.000Z
Duration: 7 min 30 s

情態助動詞 B1

Welcome to life on MArs right now, this may be the closest any human will get to living on a martian outpost.

歡迎來到馬爾斯的生活，這可能是人類最接近於生活在火星前哨的地方了。

High seas is an analog astronaut research station.

公海是一個模擬的太空人研究站。

情態副詞

So it basically simulates what it would be like to be an astronaut on the moon and on MArs all without leaving the safety of Earth.

是以，它基本上模擬了作為一名太空人在月球和馬爾斯上的感覺，而無需離開地球的安全。

And even though they're still on earth, these analog astronauts take their role pretty seriously.

儘管他們仍然在地球上，這些模擬太空人對他們的角色相當認真。

We wear spacesuits to conduct fieldwork, we go on Eva or extravehicular activities like space walks.

我們穿著宇航服進行實地考察，我們去參加伊娃或太空漫步等艙外活動。

We have rationed food and water, we have a time delay for all communications on earth researchers from all over the world and fields from astrophysics to engineering to geology.

我們對食物和水進行了配給，我們對地球上所有的通信進行了時間延遲，來自世界各地的研究人員，從天體物理學到工程到地質學等領域。

Come to this white dome to test their experiments and see if they've got what it takes to live on another planet.

來這個白色穹頂測試他們的實驗，看看他們是否有能力在另一個星球上生活。

Hi Seas is one of the most unique research stations in the world.

Hi Seas是世界上最獨特的研究站之一。

sitting on an active volcano in Hawaii about 2500 m above sea level, researchers can stay at the habitat for weeks to months at a time working and living there.

坐落在夏威夷的一座活火山上，海拔約2500米，研究人員可以在這個棲息地停留數週至數月，在那裡工作和生活。

The goal to understand how to survive in a place where no humans have lived before, which is why this site was chosen.

目的是瞭解如何在一個以前沒有人類居住過的地方生存，這就是為什麼選擇這個地方。

Part of it was because it looks and feels like you're on another planet.

部分原因是它看起來和感覺就像你在另一個星球上。

There's almost no vegetation here because of the altitude.

由於海拔高，這裡幾乎沒有植被。

So it's this isolated, difficult, harsh environment where you are completely separated from civilization as we know it.

所以這是一個與世隔絕的、困難的、惡劣的環境，你完全脫離了我們所知的文明。

But from a geology perspective, the volcanic terrain around us is actually directly relevant to both the moon and MArs.

但從地質學的角度來看，我們周圍的火山地形實際上與月球和馬爾斯都直接相關。

That's because high seas is surrounded by lava tubes, underground channels that once carried molten lava and are now home to extremophiles.

這是因為公海被熔岩管所包圍，這些地下通道曾經承載著熔融的熔岩，現在是極端生物的家園。

Both the moon and MArs used to be volcanically active and contain very similar terrain.

月球和馬爾斯過去都是火山活躍的地方，包含非常相似的地形。

So studying this environment on earth allows for an opportunity to practice scenarios astronauts might encounter on future missions overseeing every aspect of the habitat is Michaela muscle ova.

是以，在地球上研究這種環境，可以有機會實踐太空人在未來任務中可能遇到的情況，監督棲息地的每一個方面的是Michaela肌肉卵。

I've been dreaming of that since I was eight years old while she's not an astronaut yet.

我從八歲起就一直夢想著這一點，而她還不是一名太空人。

Michaela is often commander of analog missions and as director of high seas is responsible for crewing them.

米凱拉經常是模擬任務的指揮官，作為公海的主管，負責船員的工作。

After having about 30 missions under my belt, I found that the more diverse the crew, the more successful the mission.

在我執行了大約30次任務後，我發現，船員越多樣化，任務就越成功。

So I choose analog astronauts from a variety of backgrounds, not just say scientists, engineers and doctors, but I also like to have artists and educators, journalists and people who think out of the box.

是以，我選擇來自不同背景的模擬太空人，不僅僅是說科學家、工程師和醫生，我還喜歡有藝術家和教育家、記者和思維活躍的人。

Well, with increasing interest in returning to the moon and one day even setting up a station on MARS, people from all over the world put their ingenuity to the test at this white dome.

那麼，隨著人們對重返月球和有朝一日甚至在火星上建立一個站點的興趣越來越大，來自世界各地的人們在這個白色圓頂上測試他們的聰明才智。

Everything from what kind of food or astronauts going to eat during these long duration missions.

從什麼樣的食物或太空人在這些長時間的任務中要吃的東西。

What technologies are they going to need?

For example, in situ resource utilization technologies.

These are technologies for us to be able to extract water from the soil on MARS and have our own source of water there we tested a drill that is meant to be used for collecting biological samples but an Iraqi environment.

這些技術使我們能夠從MARS的土壤中提取水，並擁有我們自己的水源，在那裡我們測試了一個鑽頭，旨在用於收集生物樣本，但伊拉克的環境。

And now there's even a familiar face researching the secrets of the universe.

而現在甚至有一張熟悉的面孔在研究宇宙的祕密。

Supernova are not just interesting, exotic phenomena that we think are cool because they're exploding stars, but they also tell us a lot about our universe.

超新星不僅僅是有趣的、奇特的現象，我們認為它們很酷，因為它們是爆炸的恆星，但它們也告訴我們很多關於我們宇宙的資訊。

Stars fuse elements within their cores and then inject them into their surroundings upon explosion, meaning that they shape the chemical composition of their surroundings.

恆星在其核心內融合元素，然後在爆炸時將其注入周圍環境，這意味著它們塑造了周圍環境的化學成分。

When Carl Sagan says we are star stuff, I mean he was right, we literally are the stuff of stars.

當卡爾-薩根說我們是星星的東西，我的意思是他是對的，我們真的是星星的東西。

我們離開宇宙是為了認識自己。

I feel a little nervous but mostly just excited.

我感到有點緊張，但主要是興奮。

你知道我已經準備了好幾個月了。

I started by doing altitude training so there's a hypoxic room which is basically oxygen deprivation room that simulates various altitudes.

我開始做高原訓練，所以有一個缺氧室，基本上是模擬各種海拔高度的缺氧室。

I'm into the room and then I also flew in zero gravity in a weightless environment and learned how to scuba dive.

我進了房間，然後我還在零重力的失重環境中飛行，並學會了如何潛水。

All this training is going towards preparing Sarafina for a two week long analog MARS mission.

所有這些訓練都是為了讓薩拉菲娜為為期兩週的模擬MARS任務做準備。

High seas is a really cool opportunity to actually do fieldwork with supernova that includes Eva's any activity outside of a spacecraft or habitat, which for Sarafina is where her research really begins.

公海是一個非常酷的機會，可以真正與超新星做實地考察，包括伊娃在航天器或棲息地之外的任何活動，對薩拉菲娜來說，這是她的研究真正開始的地方。

So I will be using a handheld laser induced breakdown spectrometer to basically analyze the composition of Zeno lists which are a particular type of rock that is found in volcanic environments, that some of the oldest rocks on earth and by analyzing them and learning about their elemental abundances and sort of what they're made up of.

是以，我將使用一個手持式脈衝光誘導擊穿光譜儀，基本上分析芝諾表的成分，這是一種在火山環境中發現的特殊類型的岩石，是地球上一些最古老的岩石，通過分析它們，瞭解它們的元素丰度，以及它們是由什麼組成的。

We can then correlate them with the supernova that was potentially responsible for their formation.

然後我們可以將它們與可能導致它們形成的超新星聯繫起來。

Yeah, by hunting for certain elements in almost untouched volcanic rock.

是的，通過在幾乎未被觸及的火山岩中獵取某些元素。

Sarafina is working towards matching them to supernova ejecta, which might just explain how the solar system was formed.

薩拉菲娜正在努力將它們與超新星噴射物相匹配，這可能正好解釋了太陽系是如何形成的。

Nasa rovers are already doing something similar on mars, which is why this is such a unique opportunity for an astrophysicist here on earth.

美國國家航空航天局的探測器已經在火星上做了類似的事情，這就是為什麼這對地球上的天體物理學家來說是一個獨特的機會。

I get to do science in a completely new way that frankly most astronomers don't do.

我可以用一種全新的方式來做科學，坦率地說，大多數天文學家都不會這樣做。

This is more of a geophysics spin on astronomy.

這更像是地球物理學對天文學的改造。

And so it's neat because I get to merge these different fields and then hopefully get some cool results from them after Sarafina wraps up her work at high seas.

所以這很好，因為我可以合併這些不同的領域，然後希望在薩拉芬娜結束她在公海上的工作後，能從中得到一些很酷的結果。

Ultimately, I hope to publish a paper on this.

最終，我希望能就此發表一篇論文。

We don't really understand the progenitors of supernovas, the composition, the evolution and the structure of those stars in modeling and simulating them is very difficult to do.

我們並不真正瞭解超新星的原生體，這些恆星的組成、演化和結構，在建模和模擬它們時非常困難。

It was once described to me as the wild west of astronomy because, you know, people are trying a lot of different things, but there's not a lot of rules for how to do it.

曾經有人對我說，這是天文學的狂野西部，因為，你知道，人們正在嘗試很多不同的東西，但如何做並沒有很多規則。

Hi seas is a test bed for unconventional approaches to technologies and research.

海上是一個非常規技術和研究方法的試驗檯。

The revolving door of analog astronauts that stay at the habitat are asking different questions, but they all have one thing in common for as long as I can remember.

留在棲息地的模擬太空人的旋轉門提出了不同的問題，但從我的記憶中，他們都有一個共同點。

I remember looking up at the stars as a little kid and dreaming about going to space.

我記得小時候抬頭看星星，夢想著去太空。

One of the reasons why I share about my journey about my training is so that I can serve as a source of representation for other young girls, other young people of color who maybe have the same dreams.

我分享我的訓練歷程的原因之一是，我可以作為其他年輕女孩的代表，其他可能有同樣夢想的有色人種的來源。

You know, who knows if I'll ever get to mars or to the moon, fingers crossed.

你知道，誰知道我是否會去火星或月球，手指交叉。