Name: 自閉症。刻板世界中的非典型思維 (Autism: Atypical Minds in a Stereotypical World)
Uploaded: 2021-07-01T18:45:28.000Z
Duration: 7 min 5 s

When we examine 100 random teenagers, we would find that while they all look different, their

當我們隨機檢查100名青少年時，我們會發現，雖然他們都看起來不同，但他們的

程度副詞

轉承詞

1 to 2 however, have minds that are atypical in a particular way.

然而，1到2的思想在某種程度上是不典型的。

他們可能被診斷出患有自閉症。

This happens to boys four times as much, perhaps because diagnosing them is easier.

這種情況發生在男孩身上的次數是其四倍，也許是因為診斷他們比較容易。

Children - and adults - who are on the autism spectrum experience the world differently

自閉症譜系中的兒童--和成人--對世界的體驗不同

because they were born with various degrees of neurodivergent traits.

因為他們生來就有不同程度的神經分化特徵。

Most autistic children have more refined senses and share a deep desire to bring logic into

大多數自閉症兒童都有更精緻的感官，並有一個深刻的願望，即把邏輯帶入

Some seek repetitive behaviors that follow specific patterns and many appear to be asocial

有些人尋求遵循特定模式的重複性行為，許多人似乎是非社會性的。

Autism is not a disease and therefore can not be cured.

自閉症不是一種疾病，是以不可能被治癒。

Since all our brains are different and there is an endless range of nuances in their architecture,

因為我們所有的大腦都是不同的，其結構有無窮無盡的細微差別。

On one side of the spectrum is the mildest form of autism, in the past often also referred

譜系的一邊是最溫和的自閉症，在過去也經常被稱為

These children are highly intelligent, and have extreme abilities and strong interest

這些兒童具有高度的智慧，並且有極強的能力和強烈的興趣

In the middle are those with average intelligence and some problems learning new things.

處於中間的是那些智力一般的人，學習新事物有一些問題。

On the far end of the spectrum are children with severe learning disabilities.

在光譜的另一端是有嚴重學習障礙的兒童。

Children on the spectrum may require various degrees of support in their daily lives.

譜系中的兒童在日常生活中可能需要不同程度的支持。

Timo, a young boy, can help us understand how living with a neurodivergent mind can

蒂莫，一個小男孩，可以幫助我們瞭解到生活中的神經分化症是如何產生的

His mum noticed early on that her boy would avoid eye contact and that he would often

他的媽媽很早就注意到，她的孩子會迴避目光接觸，而且他經常會

如果她擁抱他，就會變得不高興。

He never returned smiles and engaging him in play with friends often ended in a tantrum.

他從不回以微笑，讓他和朋友一起玩耍往往以發脾氣告終。

His mother suspected something to be wrong, when Timo still wasn't speaking more than

他的母親懷疑出了問題，因為蒂莫仍然沒有說更多的話。

two or three words at a time even after turning four years old.

即使在四歲之後，也能一次說兩三個字。

She sought help and Timo was diagnosed with a mild form of autism spectrum disorder, or

她尋求幫助，提莫被診斷出患有輕度自閉症譜系障礙，或稱 "自閉症"。

When reading books or watching movies, Timo's brain picks up and organizes the information

在閱讀書籍或觀看電影時，提莫的大腦會收集和組織資訊

While his neurotypical peers categorise things and form schemas - for example, they identify

當他的神經型同齡人對事物進行分類並形成模式時--例如，他們會識別出

everything with four legs that barks as a dog.

一切有四條腿的東西都像狗一樣吠叫。

For Timo, each type of dog is unique and categorised in Timo's mind individually.

對於蒂莫來說，每一種類型的狗都是獨一無二的，在蒂莫的腦海中被單獨歸類。

His attention to detail and difficulty when generalizing, makes Timo more objective in

他對細節的關注和歸納時的困難，使蒂莫在以下方面更加客觀

his perception of the world and less prone to a framing bias.

他對世界的看法，不容易產生框架性偏見。

However, it also makes all sorts of new experiences incredibly complex, which is why he loves

然而，這也使得各種新的體驗變得異常複雜，這就是為什麼他喜歡

to follow a rigid daily routine to limit his sensory input.

遵循嚴格的日常程序，限制他的感官輸入。

His brain amplifies whatever input it receives — he hears everything and has a heightened

他的大腦會放大它所收到的任何輸入--他能聽到所有的聲音，並有一個高度的

However, this superpower makes situations where many people speak simultaneously very

然而，這種超能力使許多人同時發言的情況非常

challenging — Timo hears everyone but understands nothing.

具有挑戰性--蒂莫聽到了所有人的聲音，但卻什麼也聽不懂。

The sensitivity to touch makes eating an intense experience.

對觸覺的敏感使吃飯成為一種強烈的體驗。

If a texture or flavour is too much to handle, Timo won't eat it.

如果某種質地或味道讓人難以接受，提莫就不會吃。

Also walking barefoot on wet grass or playing in dirt overwhelms his brain.

此外，赤腳在溼草上行走或在泥土中玩耍也會使他的大腦不堪重負。

Timo naturally looks for patterns that bring logic into this world.

蒂莫自然地尋找將邏輯帶入這個世界的模式。

Sometimes he would also try to bring order into his own behavior and ways of moving his

有時，他也會試圖讓自己的行為和行動方式變得有秩序。

When he experiences structured patterns breaking, he gets upset.

當他遇到結構化模式被打破時，他就會感到不安。

It freaks him out when someone counts to 8 but doesn't continue to 10.

當有人數到8但沒有繼續數到10時，他就會感到害怕。

Doctors call it an obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD, which is a different diagnosis but

醫生稱其為強迫症或OCD，這是一個不同的診斷，但是

He has trouble connecting with others, because social settings overwhelm his sensitivity

他很難與他人建立聯繫，因為社會環境壓倒了他的敏感性。

Because human emotions are incredibly complex and don't follow a set of predictable patterns,

因為人類的情緒是非常複雜的，並不遵循一套可預測的模式。

Timo often finds himself misreading situations and upsetting people around him.

蒂莫經常發現自己誤解了情況，使周圍的人感到不安。

As a consequence, he avoids people and rarely makes eye contact.

是以，他避開人，很少有眼神接觸。

Which doesn't matter that much to him, since most of the things other people talk about,

這對他來說並不重要，因為其他人談論的大多數事情。

are illogical, irrelevant and boring anyways.

無論如何都是不符合邏輯的、不相關的和無聊的。

For 4 years, his mother had him be treated by a therapist who would show him images of

4年來，他的母親讓他接受治療師的治療，治療師會給他看以下的影像

faces to help him learn to identify feelings.

By doing this he got better at identifying facial expressions and their corresponding

通過這樣做，他能更好地識別面部表情和相應的

However, personally he is still not very interested in reading faces or establishing new social

然而，就他個人而言，他對看臉或建立新的社會關係仍不太感興趣。

He has two friends who share the same interests and couldn't wish for more.

他有兩個志同道合的朋友，不能再奢望了。

Since Timo's autism is not an illness we can treat, but rather a different way of him

由於蒂莫的自閉症不是我們可以治療的疾病，而是他的另一種方式。

experiencing the world, the question remains whether we should try to change him through

我們是否應該試圖通過改變他來改變這個世界呢？

Should we treat children with autism with therapy or celebrate them for who they are?

我們應該用治療來對待自閉症兒童，還是為他們的本性而慶祝？

Maybe it's not their atypical minds, but our stereotypical way of looking at them that

也許不是他們的非典型思維，而是我們對他們的刻板印象。

To get a 3-dimensional glimpse of how an autistic girl experiences her own surprise birthday

為了立體地瞭解一個自閉症女孩如何體驗自己的驚喜生日

party, or to download this video without background music, check the descriptions below or visit

派對，或下載這個沒有背景音樂的視頻，請查看下面的描述或訪問