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  • - Take a look at this Lego structure.

    - 看一下這個樂高結構。

  • Note that it's a solid base down here

    請注意,這下面是一個堅實的基礎

  • and then a singular support piece,

    然後是一個單一的支持件。

  • before finally, on top,

    在最後,在上面。

  • we have this flat singular roof light piece.

    我們有這個平坦的奇異屋頂燈片。

  • It's almost like a one-legged table up at the top.

    它幾乎就像一張單腿的桌子,在頂部。

  • And now I'm gonna take this little Lego figure

    現在我要把這個小樂高模型拿出來

  • and put him dangerously

    並將其置於危險的

  • just underneath the overhang that is not supported.

    就在不支持的懸空下面。

  • Now, how would you change this structure,

    現在,你將如何改變這種結構。

  • assuming it was real so that I could put

    假設它是真的,這樣我就可以把

  • a heavy masonry brick on top of this corner,

    在這個角落的頂部有一塊沉重的磚石。

  • without this structure collapsing onto the figure?

    而這一結構並沒有坍塌在人物身上?

  • Danger, danger!

    危險,危險!

  • If you do it successfully, you'll earn $1.

    如果你成功做到了,你就能賺到1美元。

  • Okay, rich!

    好吧,有錢人!

  • But every extra piece you use costs you 10 cents.

    但你每多用一塊,就得花10美分。

  • Now, many suggest putting support blocks here or here.

    現在,許多人建議把支持塊放在這裡或這裡。

  • And I'll tell you why that's really interesting

    我將告訴你為什麼這真的很有趣

  • in just a minute.

    在短短的一分鐘內。

  • But first I want you to take a look at this puzzle.

    但首先我想讓你看一下這個拼圖。

  • Your goal is to make it completely symmetrical,

    你的目標是使其完全對稱。

  • both horizontally and vertically

    橫平豎直

  • by switching any of the squares,

    通過切換任何一個方塊。

  • while making as few changes as possible, as fast as you can.

    同時儘可能少做改動,以最快的速度。

  • Let me show you a couple more and I want you to think

    讓我再給你看幾個,我想讓你思考一下

  • of your decision as fast as possible.

    儘可能快地將你的決定告訴我。

  • What would you do to make these symmetrical?

    你會怎麼做才能使這些東西對稱呢?

  • Okay, one final question.

    好的,最後一個問題。

  • What would you do personally to improve

    你個人會怎麼做來改善

  • or make this mini golf course better

    或使這個迷你高爾夫球場變得更好

  • without spending a ton of money?

    不花一噸的錢?

  • What's really interesting about all these puzzles

    所有這些謎題真正有趣的地方在於

  • is that when you ask people to do them,

    是,當你要求人們做這些事情時。

  • the majority tend to add to the puzzles

    大多數人傾向於增加謎題

  • in order to solve them.

    以此來解決這些問題。

  • In the Lego example, people are most likely to add a block

    在樂高的例子中,人們最有可能添加一個積木

  • here or here for extra support.

    在這裡或這裡獲得額外的支持。

  • Around 59% of people choose to add something.

    大約59%的人選擇添加東西。

  • And in the block puzzle, people tend to add green squares

    而在積木拼圖中,人們往往會添加綠色的方塊

  • instead of taking them away.

    而不是把它們帶走。

  • On the mini golf course, 79% of people choose to add to it

    在迷你高爾夫球場上,79%的人選擇了加碼

  • as opposed to taking something away.

    而不是把東西拿走。

  • But the truth is in a lot of these cases,

    但事實是在很多這樣的情況下。

  • subtraction is just as valid of a solution

    減法也是一種有效的解決方案

  • if not more efficient.

    如果不是更有效率的話。

  • With our Lego model,

    用我們的樂高模型。

  • by simply removing this single piece here--

    通過簡單地移除這裡的這一塊 --

  • Ah!

    啊!

  • The entire structure becomes supported

    整個結構成為支撐

  • at no additional cost.

    不需要額外費用。

  • And by taking away green blocks,

    而通過奪取綠色區塊。

  • you can reach symmetry just as easily.

    你可以很容易地達到對稱性。

  • This is actually a known phenomenon in humans.

    這實際上是人類的一個已知現象。

  • We tend to find additive solutions to problems,

    我們傾向於找到解決問題的加法辦法。

  • even when subtractive solutions are more advantageous.

    即使是在減法解決方案更有利的情況下。

  • Now, of course, the title of this video,

    現在,當然,這個視頻的標題。

  • depending on which one I chose,

    取決於我選擇哪一個。

  • may have tipped you off and impacted your decision.

    可能已經向你提供了線索,並影響了你的決定。

  • Regardless, studies have shown this pattern exists

    不管怎麼說,研究表明這種模式是存在的

  • in the majority of humans.

    在大多數人類中。

  • And it's not just math problems.

    而且這不僅僅是數學問題。

  • Have you ever tried to declutter your home?

    你是否曾經嘗試過整理你的家?

  • You know we all have this drawer where everything goes

    你知道我們都有一個抽屜,所有的東西都放在那裡

  • that you don't know where it goes, no judgment.

    你不知道它去了哪裡,沒有判斷。

  • Most people jump to buying more things

    大多數人跳去買更多的東西

  • to help organize and manage the mess

    以幫助組織和管理混亂的局面

  • instead of simply paring down

    而不是簡單地縮減

  • or getting rid of things you don't need or use anymore.

    或處理掉你不需要或不再使用的東西。

  • When university presidents ask for suggestions

    當大學校長們徵求建議時

  • that would allow the university

    這將使大學

  • to better serve its students and community,

    以更好地服務於其學生和社區。

  • only 11% of responses involve removing

    只有11%的答覆涉及到刪除

  • an existing regulation, practice or program.

    一個現有的法規、做法或方案。

  • And this kind of problem solving is often the cause

    而這種解決問題的方式往往是導致

  • of extra red tape and unnecessary positions

    額外的繁文縟節和不必要的職位

  • being added to institutions,

    被添加到機構中。

  • new rules being added instead of taken away,

    新的規則被增加而不是被取消。

  • or in the case of your own work,

    或在你自己的工作中。

  • more words being added to your essays

    更多的字被添加到你的文章中

  • instead of editing it down.

    而不是把它編輯下來。

  • People create New Year's to-do resolutions

    人們創建了新年的待辦事項決議

  • instead of to-don't resolutions,

    而不是要-不要的決議。

  • and even watch more YouTube educational videos

    甚至觀看更多的YouTube教育視頻

  • instead of further distilling what they already know.

    而不是進一步提煉他們已經知道的東西。

  • But I'm not complaining about that last one,

    但我並不是在抱怨最後一個問題。

  • like, please keep watching our videos.

    喜歡,請繼續觀看我們的視頻。

  • You can distill your knowledge at another time, okay?

    你可以在其他時間提煉出你的知識,好嗎?

  • The most interesting part of these studies

    這些研究中最有趣的部分

  • was that they realized it's not that we think

    是他們意識到這不是我們認為的

  • subtractive solutions are not as valuable,

    減法的解決方案沒有那麼有價值。

  • but there's actually a bias in the human mind

    但實際上人的思想中存在著一種偏見

  • where we simply don't think of them as often.

    在那裡,我們只是不經常想到他們。

  • In those exact same studies,

    在這些完全相同的研究中。

  • when researchers more specifically prompt people

    當研究人員更具體地提示人們

  • that they can add or subtract pieces,

    他們可以添加或減去碎片。

  • the percentage of subtractive solutions increases,

    減法解決方案的百分比增加。

  • meaning humans have a natural bias to ask,

    意思是說,人類有一個自然的偏見,就是問。

  • "What can I add here?"

    "我可以在這裡補充什麼?"

  • This is known as a heuristic,

    這就是所謂的啟發式方法。

  • a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems

    解決問題的精神捷徑

  • and make judgements quickly and efficiently

    並迅速有效地作出判斷

  • instead of having to mentally process every situation fully.

    而不是在心理上充分處理每一種情況。

  • But that doesn't mean it's always right,

    但這並不意味著它總是正確的。

  • or the best solution, it's just a quick one.

    或最好的解決方案,這只是一個快速的解決方案。

  • And this mental shortcut can actually be overcome

    而這種心理捷徑實際上是可以克服的

  • with some extra cognitive effort.

    在一些額外的認知努力下。

  • So why are we like this?

    那麼,為什麼我們會這樣呢?

  • One theory suggests that subtractive solutions

    一種理論認為,減法解決

  • may just be less appreciated.

    可能只是不太受重視。

  • You might get less credit for them,

    你可能會因為它們而得到更少的信用。

  • you might feel less creative,

    你可能會感到創造力不足。

  • and you may face social or political implications

    而且你可能面臨社會或政治影響

  • if all you're doing is rolling back

    如果你所做的只是回滾

  • somebody else's decisions.

    別人的決定。

  • That's kinda like criticizing a solution

    這有點像在責備一個解決方案

  • without making your own.

    不做自己的。

  • Not to mention the brain may assume the other pieces

    更不用說大腦可能會認為其他碎片

  • or things are there for a reason.

    或事物的存在是有原因的。

  • Say you're coding, I literally don't understand coding

    說你在編碼,我真的不懂編碼

  • so please bear with my fantasy version.

    所以請忍受我的幻想版本。

  • You don't wanna delete some segment of code

    你不想刪除一些代碼段

  • that you inherited,

    你所繼承的。

  • not knowing what ungodly errors might pop up.

    不知道會冒出什麼不道德的錯誤。

  • So working in an additive form may feel less risky.

    是以,以加法形式工作可能感覺風險較小。

  • Finally, there's something called the sunk-cost bias,

    最後,還有一種叫做 "沉沒成本偏差 "的東西。

  • where you're more likely to continue something

    在那裡你更有可能繼續做一些事情

  • you've invested money or time into,

    你已經投入了金錢或時間。

  • regardless of signs that you should stop.

    不管有什麼跡象表明你應該停下來。

  • What's even more interesting is that in these studies,

    更有趣的是,在這些研究中。

  • the number of people using additive solutions

    使用添加劑解決方案的人的數量

  • increased when they were under cognitive load.

    當他們處於認知負荷下時,他們會增加。

  • So if they were doing the block puzzle and they were told

    是以,如果他們在做積木拼圖時,被告知

  • that they had to turn their head clockwise

    他們必須順時針轉動他們的頭

  • the entire time they were doing it,

    他們在做這件事的整個過程中都是如此。

  • more people would use additive solutions.

    更多的人將使用添加劑解決方案。

  • Why am I randomly outside, you may ask,

    你可能會問,為什麼我隨意在外面。

  • it's 'cause I thought adding

    這是因為我想加入

  • more dynamic to the video would make it better.

    讓視頻更有活力會讓它更好。

  • Yes, I'm a hypocrite.

    是的,我是個偽君子。

  • This entire bias has changed my mindset so much

    這整個偏見使我的心態發生了很大的變化

  • and I cannot stop thinking about it.

    而且我無法停止思考它。

  • The amount of time I have spent adding extra meetings,

    我花了多少時間來增加額外的會議。

  • extra emails, putting more in a script

    額外的電子郵件,在腳本中放更多的內容

  • instead of refining it,

    而不是提煉它。

  • and even in my personal life,

    甚至在我的個人生活中也是如此。

  • just adding things all the time

    添枝加葉

  • in order to solve things is wild.

    為了解決事情是很瘋狂的。

  • And I definitely suggest you think of your own life.

    而且我絕對建議你想想你自己的生活。

  • It may even be why culture

    這甚至可能是文化的原因

  • has come up with popular phrases like "Less is more,"

    提出了 "少即是多 "等流行語。

  • or people like Marie Kondo became so famous.

    或者像Marie Kondo這樣的人變得如此出名。

  • We need these little reminders

    我們需要這些小小的提醒

  • to combat our natural instincts to add things.

    以對抗我們增加東西的自然本能。

  • And I mean, why spend more money

    而我的意思是,為什麼要花更多的錢

  • and affect your financial situation,

    並影響你的財務狀況。

  • when you could just be reminded to pause

    當你可以被提醒暫停的時候

  • and evaluate whether a subtractive solution

    並評估是否有一個減法的解決方案

  • might be equally or better suited to your problem?

    可能同樣或更適合你的問題?

  • It also rings true for human consumption in general.

    這對一般的人類消費來說也是如此。

  • We all know we have a sort of addiction to consumption.

    我們都知道我們對消費有一種癮。

  • We're taught having more money,

    我們被教導要有更多的錢。

  • more stuff, more status is good,

    更多的東西,更多的地位是好的。

  • that the economy or corporations should grow indefinitely,

    經濟或企業應該無限期地增長。

  • even at the cost of people and the environment.

    甚至以人和環境為代價。

  • We're facing unprecedented climate effects

    我們正面臨前所未有的氣候影響

  • from this consumption pattern already.

    已經從這種消費模式中受益。

  • And while a lot of the additive solutions

    而且,雖然很多添加劑的解決方案

  • are super exciting and necessary like solar and wind,

    是超級令人興奮和必要的,如太陽能和風能。

  • there's a much bigger conversation around simply using less.

    有一個更大的對話圍繞著簡單地減少使用。

  • All this to say that next time you're faced with a problem,

    說了這麼多,就是想說,下次你遇到問題的時候。

  • just take a second and pause,

    只需花點時間,暫停一下。

  • and remember that less is more,

    並記住,少即是多。

  • or it's at least worth considering as a solution.

    或至少值得考慮作為一種解決方案。

  • We actually chatted to one of the lead researchers

    我們實際上與其中一位主要研究人員進行了交談

  • studying this phenomenon over on our podcast,

    在我們的播客中研究這種現象。

  • channel on screen or link in the description,

    螢幕上的頻道或描述中的鏈接。

  • where we go over even more strategies on the science of less

    在這裡,我們將介紹更多關於少子化科學的策略。

  • from his book "Subtract," and how it can help your life.

    從他的書 "減法",以及它如何能幫助你的生活。

  • Now, if you need some help subtracting

    現在,如果你需要一些幫助來減去

  • the excess from your life,

    從你的生活中刪除多餘的東西。

  • and you wanna focus on the important things,

    而你想專注於重要的事情。

  • then today's sponsor, Skillshare, is perfect for you.

    那麼今天的贊助商Skillshare就非常適合你。

  • And they're offering the first 1,000 people

    而且他們為前1000人提供了

  • who click the link in our description

    誰點擊我們描述中的鏈接

  • a free trial of Skillshare premium membership.

    一個免費的Skillshare高級會員試用。

  • They actually have an awesome class right now

    實際上,他們現在有一個很棒的班級

  • called Productivity for Creatives,

    稱為創意者的生產力。

  • Build a System that Brings Out Your Best by Thomas Frank,

    建立一個能激發你的最佳狀態的系統》,作者托馬斯-弗蘭克。

  • which will guide you

    這將指導你

  • through how to optimize your working styles

    通過如何優化你的工作方式

  • through mindset, environment, and delegation.

    通過心態、環境和授權。

  • I've also taken a ton of other courses from animation

    我還從卡通片中學習了大量的其他課程

  • to Photoshop, to nature photography,

    到Photoshop,到自然攝影。

  • and now even TikToK courses.

    現在甚至還有TikToK課程。

  • I'm getting old, I need help on TikToK.

    我老了,我在TikToK上需要幫助。

  • But honestly, there are just so many different options.

    但說實話,有這麼多不同的選擇。

  • It's really an online community where you can learn

    這確實是一個在線社區,你可以在那裡學習

  • something brand new from the comfort of your own home,

    從你自己的家的舒適度,全新的東西。

  • and they're dedicated to the best user experience

    而且他們致力於提供最佳的用戶體驗

  • so there's no ads

    所以沒有廣告

  • and they're constantly launching new premium classes.

    而且他們不斷推出新的高級艙位。

  • For the first 1,000 of you

    對於你們中的前1000名

  • that click the link in our description,

    即點擊我們描述中的鏈接。

  • you will get a free trial of premium membership.

    你將得到一個免費的高級會員試用。

  • Every time you check out our sponsor or try them out,

    每次你查看我們的贊助商或嘗試他們的時候。

  • it helps our show, so we appreciate it a lot.

    它有助於我們的節目,所以我們非常感謝。

  • Make sure you like this video, subscribe,

    請確保你喜歡這個視頻,訂閱。

  • and we will see you next time for some more science.

    我們將在下一次會議上看到更多的科學。

  • Peace.

    和平。

- Take a look at this Lego structure.

- 看一下這個樂高結構。

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