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  • Life in our oceans is under threat from overfishing

  • and the environmental damage caused by commercial fleets.

  • With one of the biggest fisheries in Europe,

  • France takes a hefty 900,000 tonnes every year,

  • with at least 65 per cent of that catch coming from the sea.

  • The French Research Institute for the Exploitation

  • of the Sea, or Ifremer, is developing new ways

  • to fish sustainably.

  • We need to ensure that the fishing doesn't impact

  • too much the stocks, but also does an impact too much

  • the environment and the ecosystems around.

  • Right, right.

  • I'm diving into the Ifremer test lab at the Port of Lorient

  • and examining some innovative projects,

  • starting with the intriguingly-titled game

  • of trawls.

  • The most common type of commercial fishing in France,

  • bottom trawling, drags weighted nets over the ocean floor.

  • Indiscriminate and wasteful, that

  • leaves up to half the catch unwanted or undersized

  • and thrown away.

  • Game of trawls aims to make the process

  • smarter and more selective.

  • This one is really about using video, real-time video

  • and artificial intelligence.

  • A stereoscopic camera linked to a microcomputer

  • classified species in the blink of an eye.

  • The computer is detecting some fish

  • and then is able to classify them.

  • Like, in pink we can see the sardine.

  • And in blue, the horse mackerel.

  • Here, unwanted horse mackerel, or scad,

  • are identified and isolated amid a prime catch of sardine.

  • Illuminated by LED lamps against a white background.

  • The scad and any other undesirable undersized fish

  • can be released automatically into an escape chamber.

  • Lined with a wider mesh, it allows them to swim free.

  • Undersea tests like these show smarter

  • nets can trap the targeted fish, while allowing the others out.

  • If you didn't want one of these species of fish,

  • or there were too many of the unwanted species,

  • that's when you would open the trap, which

  • can either be operated manually or automatically.

  • Yeah.

  • The entire system, designed to withstand extreme pressure

  • at depths of up to 300 metres, is on its way to ocean testing,

  • along with other promising designs.

  • Experiments with fluorescent-coloured material

  • and different kinds of lights have

  • shown that nets can be made to attract or repel

  • different kinds of fish.

  • That could be a simple way to save unwanted species

  • from getting caught in the first place.

  • Other sustainability experiments have been successfully tried

  • at sea.

  • Research scientist Benoit Vincent

  • is showing me the test tank used to develop more efficient nets

  • and hydrodynamic-weighted shoes fixed at the mouth of the net.

  • The latest designs minimise contact with the seafloor,

  • reducing environmental damage and drag,

  • which saves fuel and cuts costs.

  • When we went aboard the fishing vessels

  • and found it quite efficient, we could

  • measure that an average savings of fuel is about 10 per cent.

  • Researchers are keenly aware that making sustainable fishing

  • more viable and profitable is crucial to having such a system

  • successfully fitted and used by trawlers and other fishing

  • boats.

  • Here's a new take on a well-worn method that's been around

  • for millennia, the drop pod.

  • The idea is to design a trap that

  • would be able to catch commercially-valuable fish.

  • Traditionally used to capture crustaceans,

  • the humble lobster pod is being redesigned

  • to bring up premium species like black seabream.

  • Ifremer's fish pod is suspended just above the seafloor

  • so there's little, if any environmental impact there.

  • Adjusted and baited to attract specific targets,

  • it's a gentle and potentially profitable way to fish.

  • Because it's a static gear, the fish

  • is attracted, enter the trap on its own so there is no stress.

  • So this gear provide the fish with very high quality.

  • The new design is big enough to bring in a viable catch, yet

  • collapsible and therefore small enough to stack on a boat.

  • Oh, that's smart.

  • Smarter still, the pods are foldable and flexible,

  • yet strong enough to withstand collapse

  • in the notoriously strong currents of the Brittany Coast.

  • Like his father before him, long-time local fishermen

  • and fleet manager Eric Guicgnac knows these waters intimately.

  • Eric welcomes scientists on board his vessels.

  • Testing equipment like the Ifremer net cameras he hopes

  • will soon be able to sort his catch on the sea floor.

  • Eric tells me he's also experimenting with nets

  • that emit sonic pings to deter dolphins and other mammals.

  • Commercial fishermen have not always

  • seen eye-to-eye with governments and agencies

  • working to manage stocks and regulate the industry.

  • But with the marine environment under pressure

  • like never before, cooperation is

  • key to sustaining a viable future for the fish

  • and for the fishing industry.

Life in our oceans is under threat from overfishing

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用更智能的网游走以实现可持续的未来(Trawling for a sustainable future with smarter nets | FT Food Revolution)

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    joey joey 發佈於 2021 年 04 月 24 日
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