that was heavily armored, but agile enough  to climb. From 1941 to 1945 thousands  

那是重裝甲，但足夠靈活的攀爬。從1941年到1945年，成千上萬的

of what The New York Times called the  "world's deadliest tanks" were made. 

的被《紐約時報》稱為 "世界上最致命的坦克"。

But there was a problem: the Churchill tank  weighed at least 40 tons, 36 metric tons.  

但是有一個問題：丘吉爾坦克的重量至少有40噸，36公噸。

Imagine 20 cars. That would cause a normal bridge  

想象一下，20輛車。這將導致一個正常的橋樑

to buckle without a way to cross water,  the Churchill tank was basically useless. 

要扣沒有辦法過水，丘吉爾坦克基本沒有用。

American tanks had the same problem. And as the  war waged on, the allies needed new bridges and  

美國坦克也有同樣的問題而隨著戰爭的進行,盟國需要新的橋樑和...

replacement ones. Bombed out bridges like this one  in Germany needed a sturdier fix than a gangway.  

替換的。像德國這座被炸燬的橋，需要一個比舷梯更堅固的固定裝置。

The solution to both of these problems was a new  type of bridge that improved on old breakthroughs  

解決這兩個問題的辦法是在原有的突破基礎上改進的新型橋樑。

and also represented a model maker's way of  thinking about how a bridge could win a war. 

也代表了模型製作者對橋樑如何打贏一場戰爭的思考方式。

Here's a bridge being built in China in 2020. Now  imagine no heavy machinery, no custom design, no  

這是2020年在中國建造的一座大橋。現在想象一下，沒有重型機械，沒有定製設計，沒有...

materials heavier than a person could carry, and  no reliable access to the other side of the river.  

比人重的材料，也沒有可靠的通道到河對岸。

And half the time, you had to build it at night. That's the challenge of a wartime bridge.  

有一半的時間,你必須在晚上建造它。這就是戰時橋樑的挑戰。

Donald Bailey was an engineer at the British  Experimental Bridging Establishment in 1940,  

唐納德-貝利是1940年英國實驗橋架所的工程師。

and he needed a way to make  the standard temporary bridge,  

而他需要一種方法來製作標準的臨時橋樑。

the Inglis bridge work for a new generation  of heavy tanks. When the Inglis bridge buckled  

英格利斯橋工程的新一代重型坦克。當英格利斯橋彎曲時

under test weights, Bailey took an envelope  out and sketched an idea for a new bridge. 

在測試砝碼下，貝利拿出一個信封，畫出了一個新橋的想法。

He had made models since he was a kid and used  them to help test his design. He needed something  

他從小就做模型，用它們來幫助測試他的設計。他需要一些東西

adjustable to a range of gaps. It could  work with a pontoon floating in a river  

可調節到一定的間隙範圍。它可以與漂浮在河中的浮舟一起工作。

as well as with land. It had to be  made of something other than aluminum  

以及與土地。它必須是由鋁以外的東西做成的

because airplanes needed that. It could be made  easily by manufacturers. No confusing parts,  

因為飛機需要這。廠家可以很容易地製造出來。沒有混亂的部件。

but most importantly, everything had to fit in a  small service truck and be lifted by six soldiers. 

但最重要的是，所有的東西都必須裝在一輛小服務車裡，並由6名阿兵哥抬起。

The design is strong and more flexible  than earlier ones like the Inglis Bridge  

與早期的英格利斯橋等相比，這種設計更堅固、更靈活。

or this small box girder bridge that  was also used. The panel was smaller  

或這種小箱梁橋，也被使用。面板較小

than a box girder, lighter and easier to stack. This is the key to his design. I'll show you. 

比箱梁，更輕，更容易堆放。這是他設計的關鍵。我給你看看。

It's the real breakthrough ingredient. This  reinforcement makes a bridge that's really strong,  

這才是真正的突破性成分。這種加固方式使得橋樑真正的堅固。

but at just five hundred and seventy pounds  or two hundred and fifty kilograms, six  

但僅有五百七十磅或二百五十公斤，六個

people could lift it. Other designs like the  Inglis bridge, twisted under heavy weight. 

人們可以舉起它。其他的設計，比如英格利斯橋，在重物的作用下扭曲。

The Bailey Bridge didn't. You can see how easy it is to move in  

百里橋沒有。你可以看到它是多麼容易移動的

this video made shortly after the war. Panels were  joined by pins driven in. After that, soldiers  

這段視頻是在戰後不久製作的。板塊是由銷子打入連接的。之後，阿兵哥們

laid a transom across. I used glue to join  mine, but clamps made the process even easier. 

鋪設了一個橫樑。我用膠水連接我的，但夾子使這個過程更容易。

But it is the next step,  before finishing the bridge,  

但這是下一步，在完成這座橋之前。

that made the Bailey Bridge even more special. See these men pushing? You could roll a Bailey  

使得百里橋更加特別。看到這些人在推嗎？你可以滾一個貝利

Bridge across a gap—important when you  couldn't get to the other side during a war. 

跨越鴻溝的橋樑--當你在戰爭中無法到達另一邊時，這很重要。

I can kind of show you with  mine and this roller right here. 

我可以給你展示一下我的和這個滾筒就在這裡。

Rollers to slide the bridge alone and  a link to make the front of the bridge  

輥子可以單獨滑動橋面，連桿可以使橋面前端

slightly tilt up by making the bottom longer than  the top. You can see it here in this Army manual. 

稍微傾斜起來，使底部比頂部長。你可以在這本軍隊手冊中看到它。

The bridge is pushed along the rollers with  more weight, usually more panels in the back  

橋沿滾輪推送的重量比較大，通常後面的板子比較多。

to keep it from tipping over. Sometimes  they drive on it as a counterweight too.  

以防止它翻倒。有時他們也會在上面開車作為配重。

In the front, this link makes the nose tilt up. The snoot didn't droop. 

前面，這個環節讓鼻子傾斜起來。鼻頭沒有下垂。

That helps keep it from sinking into  the gap as it gets pushed across. 

這有助於防止它被推過時沉入縫隙。

Adding a second or even third level was easy,  thanks to the Bailey Bridge's modular design.  

由於貝利橋的模塊化設計，增加第二層甚至第三層很容易。

These bridges quickly became an  indispensable tactical trend. 

這些橋樑很快就成為一種不可或缺的戰術趨勢。

By 1943, wartime manuals were  sandwiching crucial Bailey Bridge facts  

到了1943年，戰時手冊中夾雜著關鍵的貝利橋事實。

in between information about German  guns and warnings about dangerous fish. 

在關於德國槍支的資訊和關於危險魚類的警告之間。

The Allies built twenty five hundred Bailey  Bridges in Italy and fifteen hundred in  

盟軍在意大利建造了2500座貝雷橋，在意大利建造了1500座貝雷橋。

northwest Europe, as well as some in other  theaters, allowing those heavy Churchill tanks  

西北歐，以及其他戰區的一些國家，讓那些重型丘吉爾坦克

and the American equivalents to  move over land and water alike. 

和美國的等價物在陸地和水面上移動一樣。

General Dwight D. Eisenhower said,  "along with radar and the heavy bomber,  

德懷特-D-艾森豪威爾將軍說："隨著雷達和重型轟炸機。

it was one of the three most important engineering  and technological developments of World War II." 

它是二戰中最重要的三大工程技術發展之一。"

Now, labeling the Bailey Bridge as  the reason the Allies won the war,  

現在，把貝利橋標榜為盟軍贏得戰爭的原因。

it's impossible to say. However, a model maker's  breakthrough gave them a tool that was flexible,  

這是不可能的事情。然而，一個模型製造商的突破給了他們一個靈活的工具。

fast and strong in a war that  needed all three of those things. 

在一場需要這三樣東西的戰爭中，又快又強。

The modular design presaged a more  flexible, nimble type of construction. 

模塊化設計預示著一種更靈活、更敏捷的建築類型。

And the Bailey Bridge did allow them to cross the  rivers in Italy and push a bridge over the Rhine.  

而貝利橋也確實讓他們在意大利過河，在萊茵河上推了一座橋。

They could use a Bailey Bridge, playing accordion  

他們可以用貝利橋，用手風琴來演奏

over the water. And  

在水面上。而

they could cross and play piano amidst the ruins.

他們可以穿越，在廢墟中彈鋼琴。