But none of this is meat.

但這些都不是肉。

They're all made out of soy or mushrooms.

他們都是用大豆或蘑菇做的。

Faux meat is all the rage these days.

現在流行的是人造肉。

Brands like Beyond Meat and Impossible all have their version of a fake beef patty that sizzles and even bleeds like the real thing.

像Beyond Meat、Impossible等品牌都有自己版本的假牛肉餅，香噴噴的，甚至像真的一樣帶血。

Yet it is entirely plant-based. That looks like a burger.

卻是完全以植物為原料。它看起來像漢堡。

It smells like a burger.

聞起來像個漢堡。

It tastes like a burger.

嚐起來像個漢堡。

But while it's now trendy in the West, did you know imitation meat has been a part of Chinese cuisine for over a thousand years?

不過，雖然現在在西方很流行，但你知道仿肉在中國美食中已經有1000多年的歷史了嗎？

To get to the origins of it, we have to look at Buddhist monasteries in China.

想知道它的起源，我們就得看看中國的佛教寺院。

Imitation meat started there, where monks and nuns have long abided by a vegetarian diet.

仿肉是從那裡開始的，那裡的僧人和尼姑長期恪守素食。

Here's a professor of Buddhist studies with more. "Imitation meat can serve as kind of a substitute in the practitioner's

這位佛教研究教授提供了更多資訊。仿製肉類可以作為某種程度的替代品，讓想吃素食的人

transitional period from non vegetarian to vegetarian.

從非素食過渡到素食。

It was created for visitors of China's monasteries and for transitioning monks.

它是為中國寺院的遊客和過渡期的僧人而設立的。

So this one we have is one of our best-sellers.

所以我們這個是我們最暢銷的一個產品。

It's citrus spare ribs, and you can see that I just stir-fried it with a little bit of carrots.

這是柑橘排骨，你可以出來我剛剛將它拿去和一點紅蘿蔔一起炒。

The moment of truth.

揭開真相的時刻到了。

Holy shit. Oh my god. Wait. Which one was this one again?

我的天啊。等等，你說這道菜是什麼？

This is citrus spare ribs. All vegan.

這是柑橘排骨，全素的。

So no dairy, no eggs.

所以不含奶和蛋。

It's so chewy.

它很有嚼勁。

I think the texture is so nice.

我很喜歡它的口感。

This is Lily, and she's the owner of Lily's Vegan Pantry, which has been in New York for 25 years.

這是 Lily，她是 Lily's Vegan Pantry 的老闆，在紐約已經有25年了。

Her family started selling faux meat products in the States because there wasn't initially much of a mock meat scene in the city.

她的家族開始在美國賣人造肉製品，因為一開始在城市裡沒有什麼人在賣人造肉。

We're a religious family.

我們是宗教家庭。

So my mom grew up in Taiwan.

所以我媽媽是在臺灣長大的。

Um, but whenever she was in Taiwan, she always had delicious vegetarian food, whether it was tofu or mock meat, and it's always grew with her.

嗯，但她在臺灣無論何時都吃得到美味的素食，不管是豆腐還是仿真肉，都一路伴隨著她成長。

And when she immigrated here, like 40 years ago, there was nothing.

當她移民到這裡的時候大概40年前，什麼都沒有。

So she decided to bring everything over.

所以她決定把所有的東西都帶過來。

Their target audience includes people transitioning into vegetarianism.

他們的目標客群包括正過渡到素食主義的人。

You're a meat eater, but you're slowly turning into a vegetarian.

你是個吃肉的人，但你想慢慢轉變成吃素的人。

You want to try it out, but you don't want to eat all the crappy stuff. Like you don't want to just stick with non-flavored tofu or just veggies.

你想嘗試一下，但你不想吃那些爛東西，就好比你不想只吃無味豆腐或只吃蔬菜一樣。

So we came up with, like, mock chicken, mock beef, where they use soybean as well,

所以我們推出了，像是仿真雞肉、仿真牛肉，這些都是用大豆製成的，

but they put in all the flavors. So it's basically a replacement or substitute for what you would usually eat at a restaurant.

但是他們將這些仿製肉品調味過，所以基本上可以代替或取代你平時在餐廳吃的東西。

They have their own line of faux meat products, including spare ribs, chicken, and even fish.

他們有自己的人造肉系列產品，包括排骨、雞肉甚至魚肉。

Next item that we have, product that we have, is our kung pao chicken. So you can see that there's chili inside.

下一項我們有賣的料理是宮保雞丁，所以你可以看到裡面有加辣椒。

It's one of our spicier products.

這是我們比較辣的產品之一。

They also have fake fish fillets flavored with seaweed.

他們還有用海帶調味的人造魚片。

It looks like meat, tastes like meat, but just isn't meat.

它看起來像肉、吃起來也像肉，但卻不是肉。

But the one thing that makes Chinese vegetarian food stand out from other meat alternatives?

但讓中式素食和其他肉類替代品不同的地方是？

It doesn't contain any allium plants.

它不包含任何的蔥屬植物。

Wait, what's Allium?

等等，蔥屬植物是什麼？

Allium is a genus of plants that includes onions, garlic, scallions, shallots, leeks and chives.

蔥屬植物是植物的一個屬，包括洋蔥、大蒜、大蔥、蔥、韭菜和韭菜。

They aren't used because their flavors are said to excite the senses.

它們之所以不用，是因為據說它們的味道會刺激感官。

Okay

好吧。

We don't eat leeks, scallions, onions and garlic. So these are considered as strong flavor items, and supposedly they will bring our desires out, so these are off our diet.

不要吃韭菜，蔥，洋蔥和大蒜，所以這些都被認為是有強烈味道的食物，據說他們會使人有欲望，所以這些我們不能吃。

And so what used to be a byproduct of Buddhist cuisine,

所以過去式佛教料理的副食品，

today, fake meat has made its way into the mainstream and is getting closer and closer to tasting exactly like really meet.

現在，仿肉已經變成主流，而且味道越來越接近真的肉品。

This is David, and he's the founder of Omnipork, a company that specializes in faux pork products for the mainstream Asian market.

這位是 David，他是 Omnipork 的創始人，這家公司專門為亞洲主流市場提供仿豬肉產品。

Omnipork is made of proteins extracted from peas, soy, mushrooms, and rice.

Omnipork 是由豌豆、大豆、蘑菇和大米中提取的蛋白質製成。

In our case, the pork can be used in dumplings as stuffing, in dim sum, as mince on top of a lot of things.

在我們的情況下，它可以作為餃子的餡料，或放進點心裡，作為肉末撒在很多東西上面。

Or, of course, you could turn it into a meatball or meat patty.

當然，你也可以把它變成肉丸或肉餅。

Traditionally, many people who are vegetarian are because of religious reasons.

傳統上，很多人因為宗教原因而吃素。

Now what the new age,

現在這個新時代，

what this cutting-edge food companies are doing is they are targeting the meat eaters.

這家尖端食品公司所做的，就是針對肉食者。

Faux meat has come a long way from its Buddhist temple origins. And as technology progresses, one day soon, it will be indistinguishable from the real thing.

人造肉已經從佛寺的起源演變了一段時間，隨著科技的進步，很快有一天它就會和真品分不清了。

Fun fact.

有趣的事實。

Did you know that Buddhist weren't always vegetarian?

你知道佛教徒並不都是吃素的嗎？

The Buddha never banned his disciples from eating meat in early stages,

佛陀從早期就沒有禁止他的弟子吃肉。

but later, as time went by, more religious groups started to take a vegetarian diet as their kind of a lifestyle.

但後來，隨著時間的推移，更多的宗教團體開始把素食當作他們的生活方式。

One of the first mentions of vegetarianism was in a Mahayana sutra, written in the second century.

最早提到素食是在一本寫於二世紀的大乘經典中。

It argued for the diet on the grounds of having compassion for living animals.

它以對動物有同情心為由主張素食。

Mahayana is a branch of Buddhism. A Mahayana disciplinary book specifically asking the practitioner to abstain from eating meat as a minor rule of that manual.

大乘佛教是佛教的一個分支，他們的戒律書特別要求修行者禁食肉食，作為該手冊上的一個小規則。

But vegetarianism wasn't widely practiced among Buddhists until the sixth century when Emperor Wu, the founding emperor of the Liang Dynasty, came to power.

但素食主義在佛教徒中並沒有得到廣泛的推行，直到六世紀梁朝的開國皇帝梁武帝掌權。

He was a devout Buddhist and very religious.

他是虔誠的佛教徒，篤信宗教。

He actually summoned monks and nuns, nearly 2000 of them, to the capital in his palace to hold two conferences on the topic of meat eating.

他居然召集將近兩千名僧侶和尼姑到他的殿堂前，為了食肉的話題開了兩次會議。

After the first conference, there were protests from monks and nuns saying that, "Well, you are not Buddha because our founder, our great teacher, never said that meat is not edible."

第一次會議結束後，有很多僧侶和尼姑抗議，說「你不是佛陀，因為我們的創始人和老師從沒說過不能吃肉。」

"We are allowed to eat meat."

「我們是可以吃肉的。」

"So who do you think you are?"

「你以為你是誰？」

The emperor didn't listen to them and instead issued an edict ordering them to all stop eating meat.

皇帝沒有聽他們的話，他反而發了一道詔書，命令他們全部不能吃肉。

From then on, vegetarianism became a practice in Buddhist monasteries and continues to this day.

從那時開始，素食變成佛教寺院的傳統，直到今日都是如此。