Name: 如何促進富有成效的、負責任的辯論？ (How to foster productive and responsible debate | Ishan Bhabha)
Uploaded: 2020-11-20T18:46:57.000Z
Duration: 9 min 33 s

Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez

謄寫者：約瑟夫-傑尼Joseph Geni 審稿人: Camille MartínezCamille Martínez

and one of the key principles in your mission statement

以及你的使命宣言中的一個關鍵原則。

is a commitment to treat all employees and customers equally,

是對所有員工和客戶一視同仁的承諾。

including on the basis of gender and religion?

And then a large group books an event at your space,

然後一大群人在你的空間裡訂了一個活動。

and when you look at the booking, you realize it's a religious group,

而當你看到預訂， 你意識到這是一個宗教團體。

and one of their key principles is that women should never leave the home

他們的主要原則之一是婦女永遠不應離開家庭；

and should have no opportunities for professional development outside of it.

並應在其外沒有專業發展的機會。

Do you host the event and get criticized by some,

你主持活動，會不會被一些人責備。

In my work, I counsel organizations on how to create rules

在我的工作中，我為各組織提供諮詢，幫助它們制定規則。

to navigate ideological disagreement and controversial speech,

以駕馭意識形態的分歧和有爭議的言論。

無論是在法庭上還是從政府那裡。

recognize the real harms that can come from certain types of speech,

認識到某些類型的言論可能帶來的真正危害；

but at the same time, seek to promote dialogue rather than shut it down.

但與此同時，應設法促進對話，而不是關閉對話。

to speak with someone who agrees with everything you say,

和一個同意你所說的一切的人說話。

it's more enlightening and oftentimes more satisfying

But disagreement and discord can have real and meaningful costs.

但是，分歧和不和諧會帶來真實而有意義的代價。

Disagreement, particularly in the form of hateful speech,

不同意，特別是以仇恨言論的形式；

can lead to deep and lasting wounds and sometimes result in violence.

可能導致深刻而持久的創傷，有時還會導致暴力。

And in a world in which polarization and innovation are increasing

而在這個兩極分化和創新不斷加劇的世界裡

the need to create structures for vigorous but not violent disagreement

有必要為激烈而非暴力的分歧建立結構；

The US Constitution's First Amendment might seem like a good place to start

美國憲法第一修正案似乎是一個很好的開始。

You, like I, may have often heard somebody say

你和我一樣，可能經常聽到有人說

that some form of a speech restriction, whether from an employer, a website,

認為某種形式的言論限制，無論是來自僱主、網站。

But in fact, the First Amendment usually has little if any relevance at all.

但事實上，第一修正案通常根本沒有什麼關係。

when the government is seeking to suppress the speech of its citizens.

當政府試圖壓制其公民的言論時。

As a result, the First Amendment is by design a blunt instrument.

是以，第一修正案在設計上是一個鈍器。

A narrow category of speech can be banned based on its content.

狹義的言論類別可以根據其內容而被禁止。

when what we're talking about is a private entity regulating speech.

當我們談論的是一個私人實體 監管言論。

because it means private entities have at their disposal

因為這意味著私人實體可以自由支配

a broad and flexible set of tools that don't prohibit speech,

一套廣泛而靈活的、不禁止言論的工具；

but do make speakers aware of the consequences of their words.

但確實讓發言者意識到他們說話的後果。

it's a time for the free and unrestricted exchange of ideas.

這是一個自由和不受限制的思想交流的時間。

But some ideas and the words used to express them

但有些觀點和表達這些觀點的詞語

whether it's an intentionally inflammatory event hosted by a student group

不管是學生團體舉辦的蓄意煽動性活動

or the exploration of a controversial issue in class.

或在課堂上探討一個有爭議的問題。

In order to protect both intellectual freedom

some universities have formed teams that bring speaker and listener together,

一些大學組建了團隊，將演講者和聽眾聚集在一起。

free from the possibility of any sanction,

mediated exposure to an opposing view can result in acknowledgment,

媒介性的對立觀點的接觸可以導致承認。

On a college campus, a group of students supporting the Israelis

在一所大學的校園裡，一群支持以色列人的學生們

for disrupting events, tearing down posters

Recognizing that most of what the students were reporting

認識到學生們所報告的大部分內容

did not violate the university's disciplinary code,

the university invited both groups to sit down

where they could hear each other's viewpoints,

在那裡他們可以聽到對方的觀點。

the ideological disagreements between the groups

but the rancor between them significantly dissipated.

但他們之間的嫌隙明顯消散了。

Now, obviously, this doesn't always happen.

現在，很明顯，這並不總是發生。

But by separating reactions to speech from the disciplinary system,

但通過將言論反應與懲戒制度分開。

institutions of higher education have created a space

高等教育機構已經創造了一個空間

for productive disagreement and a broadening of perspectives.

以促進富有成效的分歧和拓寬視野。

All of us are influenced, and rightly so,

我們所有人都會受到影響，而且是正確的影響。

by our family background, our education, our lived experience

我們的家庭背景，我們的教育，我們的生活經驗。

most importantly, the beliefs of their members,

but also the laws under which they're governed

or the marketplace in which they compete.

These influences can form a critical part of a corporate identity,

這些影響可以形成企業形象的關鍵部分。