Within weeks, this novel virus spread the spread, closed down an airport, quarantined cruise ships and damaged the world economy.

在幾周內，這種新型病毒蔓延開來，關閉了一個機場，隔離了遊輪，破壞了世界經濟。

And the outbreak is also sparking fears on Wall Street, the Dow plunging more than 1000 points on Monday.

而疫情的爆發也引發了華爾街的恐慌，道指週一暴跌超過1000點。

We now know there confirmed cases in 35 countries.

我們現在知道有35個國家的確診病例。

By February 25th, 2020 over 80,000 people have been affected and over 2700 people had died.

到2020年2月25日，已有8萬多人受災，2700多人死亡。

And now we're on the brink of a pandemic.

而現在我們正處於流行病的邊緣。

Can the viral disease Covad 19 be stopped?

病毒性疾病科瓦德19號能阻止嗎？

Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on earth, and most of them are at least 33,000 times smaller than a pea.

病毒是地球上數量最多的生物實體，它們中的大多數至少比豌豆小33000倍。

There's simple little things made of genetic material, cased in a protein shell and capable of survival Onley when inside another living cell.

有一些簡單的小東西，由遺傳物質製成，裝在蛋白質的外殼裡，當在另一個活細胞裡時，能夠生存在安利。

But being microscopic parasites doesn't stop them from doing some major damage.

但作為微觀的寄生蟲，並不妨礙它們做出一些重大的破壞。

Ebola aids the flu on, of course, coronavirus disease.

埃博拉病毒援助流感上，當然，冠狀病毒病。

2019 are all caused by viruses.

2019年都是由病毒引起的。

You see when a virus enters a living cell, it replicates, sometimes kills the cell and spreads your immune system.

你看當病毒進入活細胞後，它會複製，有時會殺死細胞，傳播你的免疫系統。

Attempts to protect your body and in many cases succeeds.

試圖保護自己的身體，很多情況下都能成功。

But sometimes the virus winds overpowering your immune system, which can lead to illness and sometimes even death.

但有時病毒會戰勝你的免疫系統，從而導致疾病，有時甚至死亡。

So how do we stop a new virus?

那麼，我們該如何阻止新病毒的出現呢？

While the first two steps are crucial, detection and containment detection could be extremely difficult when you're dealing with a new virus.

雖然前兩步至關重要，但當你面對一個新的病毒時，檢測和遏制檢測可能非常困難。

That's because symptoms often resemble other diseases.

這是因為症狀往往與其他疾病相似。

A lot of these are flu like illnesses, so the answer depends partly on whether the clinician, using clinical judgment, feels there's something a little bit different.

很多都是類似流感的疾病，所以答案部分取決於臨床醫生，是否用臨床判斷，覺得有一點不一樣。

Once doctors determine that they're dealing with something new, the next step is uncovering the viruses gene sequence.

一旦醫生確定他們正在處理一些新的東西，下一步就是發現病毒的基因序列。

This is key.

這是關鍵。

The gene sequence is used to create detection test kits so healthcare professionals can make sure the patients actually have a specific virus instead of, say, the common flu.

基因序列用於創建檢測測試套件，以便醫療保健專業人員可以確保患者真正擁有特定的病毒，而不是說，普通流感。

But finding that sequence could take time.

但找到這個序列可能需要時間。

When SARS broke out in 2003 it took more than four months.

2003年非典爆發時，用了四個多月的時間。

Scientists have sped up the process, and, in the case of the 2019 novel Coronavirus, the sequence was released about one week after the initial announcement, followed a few weeks later by a test kit pumping thousands of these out quickly isn't easy.

科學家們加快了這一進程，在2019年新型冠狀病毒的情況下，序列在最初宣佈後約一週發佈，隨後幾周後，測試套件將成千上萬的這些快速抽出並不容易。

And even when kits are available, using them can come with complications.

而且即使有了工具包，使用它們也會帶來複雜的問題。

Usually these tests rely on lab processing, which takes precious time.

通常這些檢測都要依靠實驗室處理，這需要寶貴的時間。

And in the case of the co vid 19 outbreak, some of the kits sent to the U.

而在co vid 19爆發的情況下，一些送到美國的試劑盒。

S didn't work the way they were expected Thio and gave inconclusive results instead of a positive or a negative.

S沒有按照他們預期的方式工作Thio，並給出了不確定的結果，而不是一個積極的或消極的。

But this is only the beginning.

但這僅僅是個開始。

After detection, containment is vital.

發現後，遏制是至關重要的。

Once in human populations, viruses can spread quickly and different viruses spread well differently.

一旦進入人類群體，病毒就會迅速傳播，不同的病毒傳播效果不同。

HIV, for example, travels in certain body fluids like blood and semen.

例如，HIV會在某些體液中傳播，如血液和精液。

Zika spreads via mosquito bites and viral diseases like influenza and Co.

寨卡病毒通過蚊蟲叮咬和流感、Co等病毒性疾病傳播。

Vid 19.

Vid 19.

They transmit through human respiratory droplets, mainly in the form of spray from coughs and sneezes.

它們通過人的呼吸道飛沫傳播，主要以咳嗽和打噴嚏的噴霧形式傳播。

Which explains why canceling large events, quarantining cities and isolating and treating individuals who might be infected have been so important with co vid 19 quarantines may have limited the spread of the disease, but they didn't stop it, in part because the virus may not show symptoms for up to 14 days after infection, even though it may still be transmissible in that time.

這解釋了為什麼取消大型活動、 隔離城市和隔離和治療可能被感染的個人一直如此重要與 co vid 19 隔離可能限制了這種疾病的傳播，但他們沒有停止它，部分原因是病毒可能不會顯示症狀達 14 天后感染，即使它可能仍然在這段時間內傳播。

And crucially, cities didn't lock down until over three weeks after the first detection.

而最關鍵的是，各城市直到第一次檢測後的三個多星期才鎖定。

In fact, the mayor of Wuhan stated that over five million people had left the city during that window.

事實上，武漢市市長表示，那個窗口期有超過500萬人離開武漢。

So while co vid 19 could go the way of the 2003 SARS outbreak and disappear, experts worry that this is unlikely.

是以，雖然co vid 19可能會像2003年SARS爆發一樣消失，但專家擔心這不太可能。

Which leads us to the last two lines of defense medications and vaccinations.

這就引出了最後兩道防線的藥物和疫苗接種。

Multiple groups are developing vaccinations that could highly limit co vid 19 if not stop it altogether.

多個團體正在開發疫苗，即使不能完全停止，也可以高度限制co vid 19。

And the World Health Organization is testing drugs that fight HIV and Ebola as well.

而世界衛生組織也在測試對抗艾滋病毒和埃博拉的藥物。

Obviously it takes time, and it takes time to scale up vaccine production even once you have a suitable vaccine candidate.

顯然，這需要時間，即使你有了合適的候選疫苗，擴大疫苗生產規模也需要時間。

That scale up and deployment is, ah, slower process.

那規模的擴大和部署是啊，比較慢的過程。

Vaccines have to go through strict testing and approval processes, which could take months.

疫苗必須經過嚴格的測試和審批程序，這可能需要幾個月的時間。

And viruses are notorious for changing and adapting, making it hard to nail down a precise vaccine Case in point.

而病毒的變化和適應性是出了名的，是以很難確定一個精確的疫苗案例。

Researchers were still developing vaccines for the Zika virus in 2019 years after it last wreaked havoc in 2016.

研究人員在2016年寨卡病毒最後一次肆虐多年後，2019年仍在研發寨卡病毒的疫苗。

So while scientists are trying to stay ahead of Covad, 19 develop a vaccine and get it.

是以，當科學家們試圖走在科瓦德前面時，19開發出一種疫苗，並得到它。

Through those regulations, a pandemic could break out.

通過這些規定，可能會爆發一場大流行。

It could chug along, perhaps eventually becoming more like the seasonal flu or more like coronaviruses we see in animal species.

它可能會繼續前進，也許最終會變得更像季節性流感或更像我們在動物物種中看到的冠狀病毒。

How nasty that would be.

那將是多麼惡劣的事情。

You know, really, we can't say at this point this might sound scary, but there is no need to panic.

你知道，真的，我們現在不能說這可能聽起來很可怕，但沒有必要恐慌。

Modern technology and for the research has, is much better prepared than during past outbreaks.

現代技術和為研究已，比過去爆發期間準備得更好。

And if people stay vigilant, quarantine went told, and get the correct treatment.

而如果人們保持警惕，檢疫去告訴，並得到正確的治療。

Cove in 19 could still be stopped, Yeah.

19號的科夫還是可以被阻止的，是的。