to the White House,

到白宮。

“Black Lives Matter.”

"黑人生命至上"

Within 24 hours, Black Lives Matter activists responded with their own message:

在24小時內，黑人生命問題活動家用自己的資訊做出了迴應。

“Defund the Police.”

"資助警察"

This slogan caught on rapidly among tens of thousands of people protesting police brutality

這個口號在數萬名抗議警察暴行的民眾中迅速流行開來

in the United States.

在美國。

But what does it really mean to defund the police? And what if it's not as radical

但資助警察到底是什麼意思呢？如果沒有那麼激進呢？

as it sounds?

就像它的聲音？

A city budget, a county budget, a state budget, a national budget are all markers of what

一個城市的預算、一個縣的預算、一個國家的預算、一個國家的預算都是標誌著什麼？

our societies are prioritizing. The US spends $100 billion every year

我們的社會正在優先考慮。美國每年花費1000億美元

on policing. Most of which comes from local municipalities.

在治安方面。其中大部分來自地方市政府。

New York City, for example, appropriated $5.9 billion last year to the police department.

例如，紐約市去年為警察部門撥款59億美元。

For comparison, here's what the city allocated for homeless services, health, housing, youth

相比之下，以下是該市分配給無家可歸者服務、健康、住房、青少年的資金。

and community development, and jobs programs. The disparities are huge, and they echo in

和社區發展，以及就業計劃。這些差距是巨大的，它們迴響在以下方面

cities across the country. Like in Chicago, where the policing budget

全國各地的城市。像在芝加哥，那裡的治安預算

is $1.7 billion. Nearly twice the budget of the Fire Department, Department

是17億美元。是消防局預算的近兩倍，部。

of Transportation, Public Library, and Public Health combined.

交通、公共圖書館和公共衛生的結合。

If you look at these budgets in the United States

如果你看看美國的這些預算。

What you'll see is that we have deeply de-prioritized providing people their basic needs. And instead,

你會看到的是，我們已經深深地失去了為人們提供基本需求的優先權。取而代之的是，

we over prioritize punishing human beings.

我們過分重視懲罰人類。

The emphasis on policing in the US has led to over-policing and underpolicing all at

美國強調維持治安，導致過度維持治安和維持治安不足的現象同時存在。

once. The police arrests over 10 million people

一次。警方抓捕了1000多萬人

in a year. And the vast majority of those arrests, especially in black and poor neighborhoods,

一年內。而這些逮捕中的絕大部分，尤其是在黑人和貧困街區。

are for minor offenses, like drug possession or drinking in public. That heavy-handed approach

是針對輕罪，如藏毒或在公共場所飲酒。這種嚴厲的做法

is over-policing.

是過度警戒。

But when it comes to violent crime, the rate of police arrests is incredibly low. And

但在暴力犯罪方面，警方的逮捕率卻低得驚人。而且

that's under-policing, which leaves communities of color underserved.

這是不充分的警務， 這使得社區的顏色服務不足。

People believe that the police are deterring violence.

人們認為，警察是在威懾暴力。

Clearly they're enacting violence, but are they also deterring violence.

顯然他們是在頒佈暴力，但他們是否也在阻止暴力。

And that's highly questionable.

而這是非常值得懷疑的。

A lot of research suggests they are having no influence whatsoever

很多研究表明，他們沒有任何影響。

So if they're having no influence whatsoever on the phenomena that they're supposed to

所以，如果他們沒有任何影響 對現象，他們應該是

be influencing and they're doing violence, what purpose are they supposed to serve?

影響力和他們做的暴力， 什麼目的是他們應該服務？

The repercussions of prioritizing the police

警察優先的影響

over other services can also be seen at schools in the US.

在美國的學校裡，也可以看到超過其他服務的情況。

1.7 million students are in schools with police, but no counselors. And 3 million

170萬學生在學校裡有警察，但沒有輔導員。還有300萬

have police in schools, but no nurses. And when it comes to 911 calls, in many

學校裡有警察，但沒有護士。而當涉及到911電話，在許多地方

cases, police officers are the first responders to mental health related emergencies.

在一些情況下，警察是精神健康相關緊急情況的第一反應者。

That's important because one in every four deaths from police shootings are people with

這一點很重要，因為每四名死於警察槍擊事件的人中就有一名是患有以下疾病的人

mental health problems.

精神健康問題；

I can literally imagine you just replace someone with a weapon, with someone who will actually

我可以從字面上想象，你只是換了一個人的武器，與人誰將真正的

sit down on the ground with them and talk. Not throw them on the ground and sit on top

坐在地上和他們說話。而不是把他們扔在地上，坐在上面。

of them or lay on top of them. But someone

的或躺在他們身上。但有人

who will take them wherever they are, listen to their situations and

無論他們在哪裡，誰都會帶他們去，傾聽他們的情況，並。

then try to figure out, diagnose their problem.

然後試圖找出、診斷他們的問題。

Police are doing the jobs of what other groups of people and workers can be doing.

警察做的是其他群體和工人可以做的工作。

Being tasked with jobs they're not trained to do, is an idea some police officers acknowledge

被指派從事他們沒有受過訓練的工作，是一些警察承認的想法。

too.

也。

The need to rethink police budgets has become even more glaring in the middle of the coronavirus

在冠狀病毒事件中，重新考慮警方預算的必要性更加突出。

pandemic. Many have called attention to the fact that

大流行病。許多人呼籲注意以下事實：

hospital workers struggle to get personal protective equipment. While thousands of

醫院工作人員為獲得個人防護設備而苦惱。雖然成千上萬的人

police officers have riot gear at the ready for protests.

警察已經為抗議活動準備好了防暴裝備。

Even in response to the pandemic, while many agencies grapple with coronavirus budget cuts,

即使是為了應對這場大流行，而許多機構都在努力應對冠狀病毒的預算削減。

police budgets have largely remained intact. New York City's proposal for the coming

警察的預算基本保持不變。紐約市對未來的提案

fiscal year cuts only 5 percent of the NYPD budget.

財政年度僅削減紐約警察局預算的5%。

But that same proposal, calls for a 12 percent cut to the Department of Health.

但同樣的提案，要求削減衛生部12%的經費。

This is where the movement to defund the police comes in. It's a push to take the billions

這就是資助警察的運動的由來。這是一個推動，以採取數十億

of dollars cities spend on police, and move that funding to other services, like education,

城市在警察上花費的美元，並將這些資金轉移到其他服務上，如教育。

housing, jobs or mental healthcare. At its core, the idea is to rethink public

住房、就業或精神保健。其核心理念是要重新思考公

safety because the current form of policing isn't built to serve everyone equally.

安全，因為目前的治安形式並不是為了平等地服務於每個人而建立的。

We live in an economy of punishment. We as in black people, as poor people, as in marginal

我們生活在一個懲罰的經濟中。我們作為黑人，作為窮人，作為邊緣化的人。

people, police are not used to keep us safe.

人，警察不是用來保護我們的安全的。

What we've seen over the last seven years is black people being killed, humiliated,

在過去的七年裡，我們看到的是黑人被殺，被羞辱。

violated, sexually assaulted, maimed by law enforcement. We haven't seen it get any better.

被執法部門侵犯、性侵犯、殘害。我們沒有看到它變得更好。

Reimagining public safety in this moment is a matter of life or death.

重塑此刻的公共安全，事關生死。

For years, reforms like introducing police body cameras, have been proposed across

多年來，各地都提出了引入警用人體攝影機等改革建議。

the country as a response to police brutality. But these reforms have only added more money

作為對警察暴行的迴應。但這些改革只是增加了更多的錢

to police budgets, even when, as studies like this one in DC show, they have “no

縱使像華盛頓特區這樣的研究顯示，他們 "沒有 "對警隊預算的影響。

detectable effect on police use of force”.

對警察使用武力有明顯的影響"。

We absolutely need to try and hold law enforcement accountable. But what we've recognized is

我們絕對需要嘗試並追究執法部門的責任。但我們認識到的是

all of our accountability measures, up until now have not worked.

我們所有的問責措施，到目前為止都沒有發揮作用。

In the case of Minneapolis, since 2016 their

就明尼阿波利斯而言，自2016年起，其

police officers have received body cameras, bias training

警察接受了防身攝像頭和偏向性培訓

and have a duty-to-intervene policy where other police officers

並在其他警察的情況下實行職責干預政策；

must step in if they see force applied inappropriately.

如果看到不適當地使用武力，必須介入。

Yet, a Minneapolis police officer killed George Floyd as three officers looked on.

然而，明尼阿波利斯的一名警察在三名警察的注視下殺死了喬治-弗洛伊德。

So this idea that we could reform an institution

所以這個想法，我們可以改革一個機構

that has a blue code of silence, that we can reform an institution

有一個藍色的沉默的代碼，我們可以改革一個機構

that is one of the most powerful unions, that is no longer the conversation.

這是最強大的工會之一，這已經不是話題。

But the calls to defund the police have been polarizing and have led

但是，要求資助警察的呼聲一直在兩極分化，並導致了

to some fears about how it might affect personal and public safety.

以至於有些人擔心這可能會影響到人身和公共安全。

How do you defund or dismantle and keep people safe?

如何化解或拆除，保證人民安全？

When we all dial 911, we need to know there's someone coming.

當我們都撥打911時，我們需要知道有人來了。

If you defund the police or diminish their ability to police their communities,

如果你資助警察或削弱他們在社區的警務能力，

you're gonna have a warzone.

你會有一個戰區。

I think we often hear issues of safety for mostly white, affluent people. And I have

我想我們經常聽到的安全問題，大多是白人，富裕的人。而我有

to remind those folks that their safety is predicated on the unsafety of black people.

提醒這些人，他們的安全是建立在黑人的不安全之上的。

Opponents of defunding the police have cautioned that after cities

反對資助警察的人告誡說，在各城市

like Memphis had to downsize their police force,

就像孟菲斯不得不縮減他們的警力。

there was an increase in violent crime.

暴力犯罪增加；

But proponents point to a major difference between defunding the police then, and now.

但支持者指出，當時資助警察和現在有很大區別。

Today, it's not just about cutting police budgets. A key part of defunding is to

如今，這不僅僅是削減警察預算的問題。削減資金的一個關鍵部分是

redistribute those resources and create better responses to crime.

重新分配這些資源，更好地應對犯罪。

That redistribution would still fund first responders, but could force cities to rethink

這種重新分配仍將為急救人員提供資金，但可能會迫使城市重新考慮。

what kinds of responders would make communities safer for everyone.

什麼樣的響應者會使社區對每個人更安全。

Whether it's investing in a new crisis intervention team.

無論是投資新的危機干預團隊。

A mental health team.

一個心理健康團隊；

Or social workers. In some cities, like Eugene, Oregon and Austin,

或社會工作者。在一些城市，像尤金，俄勒岡和奧斯汀。

Texas, alternative models for safety have already been put in place to dispatch

德州，已經有了安全的替代模式，派遣。

mental health professionals to certain 911 calls, instead of the police.

精神健康專業人員接聽某些911電話，而不是警察；

And putting money into other agencies like housing and jobs to help people meet their

並把錢投入到其他機構，如住房和就業，以幫助人們滿足他們的。

basic needs could also end up making communities safer.

基本需求也可能最終使社區更加安全。

So rather than have this, um, `I'm fearful of someone coming to take my stuff. Hey, can

所以，而不是有這樣的，嗯，"我害怕有人來拿我的東西，。嘿，可以

I have a number that I can call, so somebody with some weapons can protect my stuff?` It's

我有一個號碼，我可以打電話，所以有人與一些武器可以保護我的東西？ 這是。

more like if everyone had some stuff and if everyone had a reasonable existence, they

更像是如果每個人都有一些東西，如果每個人都有一個合理的生存，他們

wouldn't be looking for anybody else's stuff and you wouldn't need to call anybody.

不會去找別人的東西，你也不需要給別人打電話。

Black Lives Matter activists and local organizers across the country have been working to defund

黑人生命至上活動家和全國各地的地方組織者一直在努力資助。

the police for years. But for many, the calls to “defund the police” don't

幾年來，警方。但對許多人來說，"資助警察 "的呼聲並不。

stop at scaling down the scope of what the police do.

停止在縮小警察的工作範圍；

It could also be a first step towards eventually abolishing the police as we know it.

這也可能是最終廢除我們所知的警察的第一步。

You could think that the defund movement is the gateway to a broader discussion of reprioritization

你可以認為，資助運動是通往更廣泛的討論重新確定優先次序的門戶。

One position of which is, abolition.

其中一個立場是，廢除。

The details of a plan like this differ from city to city, but there is a shared purpose

這樣的計劃細節，每個城市都不一樣，但有一個共同的目的。

of altering what public safety looks like in the US.

的改變美國公共安全的樣子。

Defunding the police, even at its most basic, will still be a difficult battle

資助警察，即使是最基本的資助，也將是一場艱難的戰鬥。

for activists on a national scale. One poll conducted in early June, found

為全國範圍內的活動家。6月初進行的一項調查發現

that only about a quarter of Americans favored cutting funding for police departments.

只有約四分之一的美國人贊成削減警察部門的經費。

But in parts of the country, it's already happening.

但在國內部分地區，這種情況已經發生了。

In Denver, the school district has broken their contract with the police department.

在丹佛，學區已經和警察局解除了合同。

In Oakland, the school board pledged to do the same.

在奧克蘭，學校董事會也承諾這樣做。

And in Minneapolis, the City Council voted to completely disband its police department,

而在明尼阿波利斯，市議會投票決定徹底解散其警察部門。

and create a new model. All of these moves can be traced to continued

並創造一個新的模式。所有這些舉動都可以追溯到持續的。

public pressure and protests against police brutality.

公眾壓力和對警察暴行的抗議；

Protests which, in a matter of weeks, brought the slogan to 'defund the police' into

抗議活動，在幾周內就把 "資助警察 "的口號帶入了校園。

the mainstream.

主流。

This has been the most tragic three weeks and also the most inspiring three weeks. We

這是最悲慘的三週，也是最鼓舞人心的三週。我們

have seen death after death of black people. What are we going to do to be in defense

看到了一個又一個黑人的死亡。我們要怎麼做才能保護好自己

of black lives? That is the conversation we're asking. It's not just about black lives mattering.

黑人的生命？這就是我們要問的問題。這不僅僅是黑人生命的問題。

That's not enough to claim that.

這還不足以說明問題。

You have to step into a new role in protecting black people

你要進入一個新的角色來保護黑人

and ensuring their lives are safe.

並確保他們的生命安全。