Soap molecules can interact with pathogens, such as coronavirus leading to their destruction.

肥皂分子可以與病原體產生交互作用， 例如導致冠狀病毒破壞…

Each molecule has 2 parts.

每個肥皂分子有2個部分。

The head is hydrophilic, which means it likes to interact with water, while the lipid tail

頭部是親水的，這意味著牠喜歡 與水分子互動，而油脂質尾巴

is hydrophobic, which means it wants to get away from water to find similar, water-avoiding particles.

是疏水的，於是它們想遠逃離水分子，並也想找到和自己相似的疏水粒子們。

This is the basis of how soap works.

這就是肥皂的工作原理。

When the molecules encounter lipid particles on our skin, the tails aggregate around them

當肥皂分子在皮膚上遇到油脂質顆粒時。脂質尾巴就會在周圍聚集

to form spherical structures called micelles, creating water-free environment.

變成稱為膠束的球形結構，進而創造了一個無水環境。

Similar thing happens when they encounter enveloped viruses such as coronavirus.

當他們遇到有脂質套膜的病毒例如冠狀病毒時。也會發生類似的事情。

Enveloped viruses carry their genome and supporting proteins inside a lipid bilayer membrane

套膜病毒用油脂質的雙層膜，包覆了基因和他的蛋白質組織。

with the proteins necessary for infection embedded in the membrane.

套膜上更也鑲嵌了傳染所需的蛋白質。

In cells and viruses these lipids are packed neatly into 2 sheets

在細胞和病毒之中，油脂分子被整齊地整列裝成兩層

with the lipid tails facing inward.

而油脂質尾巴向內排列。

The lipid ends of the soap molecules are attracted to the lipids in the membrane.

膜上的脂質可以吸引肥皂分子的親油端。

They take advantage of the presence of membrane proteins, which can perturb the neatly organized

於是肥皂就可利用膜上的蛋白質，擾亂整齊的

bilayer to insert themselves into the viral membrane.

雙層組織進而將肥皂分子插入病毒膜中。

If there is only a small amount of soap, the soap molecules only loosen the membrane,

如果只有少量肥皂分子，只能使套膜變鬆

but with more soap, they begin to create micelles around membrane lipids.

但是有了足夠多的肥皂分子，它們便開始在膜脂周圍產生膠束。

They are also attracted to hydrophobic amino acids in the membrane proteins,

它們就可以開始牽引在病毒套膜中的疏水氨基酸

extracting them from the membrane.

甚至從套膜中抽取出了它們。

The structural integrity of a virus is essential for infection.

病毒結構的完整是感染力的關鍵。

So, washing your hands with soap protects you better from infection than washing with only water,

所以用肥皂洗手比起只用清水更能保護身體健康，預防病毒感染。

and the longer you lather, the higher your chance of destroying the virus.

還有肥皂的起泡時間越長，越可能徹底摧毀病毒喔。