glutamate
US /ˈɡlutəˌmet/
・UK /'glu:təˌmeɪt/
A1 初級
n.名詞（生化）谷氨基酸鹽；（生化）谷氨基酸脂
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【科學知識】對「糖」愛不釋手？ 讓「糖癮科學」告訴你原因！ (The Science of Sugar Addiction)
04:14
- It’s found in cheeses, shiitake mushrooms, ham, and monosodium glutamate,
在起司、香菇、火腿、還有味素
- So the scientists prescribed a daily regime of konbu-cha, a tea made from kelp that’s rich in glutamate
於是科學家開了一劑日服處方，是用某種富含谷氨酸鹽的大型菌類所作，稱為冬菇茶
味精對你有害嗎？- 反應 (Is MSG Bad for You? - Reactions)
03:01
- MSG, or monosodium glutamate is a flavor
味精也稱作味素，是一種提味劑
- coming from an amino acid called L-glutamate.
來自於一種稱作「L-麩胺酸」的胺基酸
三位專家揭示迷幻藥如何拓展感知之牆 (3 experts reveal how psychedelics can expand the walls of perception)
05:54
- But then you have other drugs, so for example MDMA will work by releasing serotonin, so that's a different mechanism, and ketamine and PCP, they affect the glutamate system in the brain primarily rather than the serotonin system.
但還有其他藥物，例如搖頭丸會通過釋放血清素髮揮作用，所以這是一種不同的機制，而氯胺酮和五氯苯酚則主要影響大腦中的穀氨酸系統，而不是血清素系統。
當你過度疲勞時，大腦會發生什麼變化？ (What happens to your brain when you burn out?)
01:29
- When the volunteers were performing hard tasks, the scientists found higher concentrations of glutamate in the lateral prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain associated with cognitive control.
當志願者執行艱鉅任務時，科學家發現外側前額葉皮層中的穀氨酸濃度更高，而這部分大腦與認知控制有關。
- Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, a chemical signal which triggers neurons to fire.
穀氨酸是一種興奮性神經遞質，是一種觸發神經元發射的化學信號。
都說加工食品很不好，但是到底有多不好？跟著 SciShow 一探究竟！ (How Bad Are Processed Foods, Really?)
10:58
- But while that heavenly blend of cornmeal, vegetable oil, monosodium glutamate, and yellow number 6 might be hard to resist, it's probably not making your body as happy as it is your taste buds.
不過，雖然玉米粉、植物油、味精和黃色 6 號的天作之合可能讓人難以抗拒，但它給你身體帶來的快樂可能還不如給你的味蕾帶來的快樂。
吃味精時體內會發生什麼事呢？ (Inside your body when you eat MSG)
02:22
- I ain't no salt, I am your daddy monosodium glutamate.
我不是鹽，我是你爸爸味精。
- Son of a gun, that Umami flavor wasn't protein, but glutamate.
該死的，那個鮮味不是蛋白質，而是味精。
戒酒後會發生什麼？ (What Happens When You Quit Alcohol?)
09:44
- It suppresses excitatory neurons affected by the neurotransmitter glutamate and enhances inhibitory neurons affected by the neurotransmitter gaba.
它抑制受神經遞質穀氨酸影響的興奮性神經元，增強受神經遞質伽巴影響的抑制性神經元。
- If I ever become a drag queen, I want my name to be glutamate gaba neurologically you get in theory less excitation and more inhibition, which is why you have likely heard that alcohol is a depressant, but the reason you may feel euphoric is because the increased Gaba inhibition means information in the brain becomes slower and only the largest signals make it through this clarifies your thoughts, It can make you feel amazed at your own simple ideas which can lead to serotonin release.
如果我成為變裝皇后，我希望我的名字是穀氨酸加巴，從理論上講，你會得到更少的興奮和更多的抑制，這就是為什麼你可能聽說酒精是一種抑制劑，但你可能感到興奮的原因是，加巴抑制的增加意味著大腦中的資訊變得緩慢，只有最大的信號才能通過，這澄清了你的想法，它可以讓你對自己的簡單想法感到驚訝，這可以導致血清素的釋放。
糟糕！我喝太多咖啡了嗎？ (What Happens To Your Body When You Drink Too Much Coffee)
03:42
- It releases a cocktail of stimulants into your brain: adrenaline, dopamine, and glutamate.
咖啡因會釋放出混合刺激物給大腦：腎上腺素、多巴胺和穀氨酸。
宿醉期間身體會發生什麼？ (What Happens To Your Body During A Hangover)
03:24
- And at the same time, it's been blocking glutamate,
而與此同時，它一直在阻斷穀氨酸。
- and floods with stimulating glutamate,
並泛起刺激性的穀氨酸。