by SUN TZU Translated by LIONEL GILES, M.A. (1910)

孙子由莱昂内尔贾尔斯翻译，文学硕士（1910）

Chapter I. LAYING PLANS

第一章铺设图则

1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State.

1。孙子说：战争的艺术极其重要的状态。

2. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin.

2。这是一个生死攸关的，无论是道路安全或破坏的问题。

Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.

因此，它是一个调查课题，决不可忽视。

3. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into

3。战争的艺术，那么，是由五个不变的因素，必须考虑到

account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions

在一个人的讨论，寻求确定时考虑的条件

obtaining in the field.

获得在外地。

4. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5)

4。它们是：（1）的道德律;（2）天堂（3）地球（4）指挥官（5）

Method and discipline.

方法和纪律。

5,6. The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so

5,6。道德律，使人们在与他们的统治者完全一致，因此

that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.

他们将跟随他不论他们的生活，任何危险undismayed。

7. Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.

7。天堂标志着昼夜，寒暑，时间和季节。

8. Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and

8。包括地球的距离，使大大小小的危险和安全，空地和

narrow passes; the chances of life and death.

羊肠小道;生命和死亡的机会。

9. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and

9。指挥官代表​​和智慧，真诚，仁，勇的美德

strictness.

严格。

10. By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in

10。按方法和纪律被理解军队编组的

its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of

其应有的分支机构，各职级人员的毕业典礼，维修的

roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.

道路，其中供应可能达到的军队，军事开支的控制。

11. These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be

11。这五个头应熟悉每一个普通：他谁知道他们会

victorious; he who knows them not will fail.

胜利，他谁知道他们不要将失败。

12. Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military

12。因此，在你们的讨论，在寻求确定军队

conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:--

条件，让他们在这一个比较明智的基础上： -

13. (1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law?

13。 （1）哪些是两个主权国充满了道德律？

(2) Which of the two generals has most ability?

（2）它具有两个将军最多的能力？

(3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth?

（3）在于从天地人得到的好处？

(4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced?

（4）在哪一方是最严格执行纪律？

(5) Which army is stronger?

（五）军队强大吗？

(6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained?

（6）哪一方是训练有素的人员和更多的人？

(7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?

（7），其中有更大的军队都坚定不移的奖励和处罚？

14. By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.

14。通过这七个因素意味着我可以预测的胜利或失败。

15. The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a

15。恪守涵的看法，即到我的律师和对它的行为，将征服：让这样一

one be retained in command!

一个被保留在命令！

The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:--let

政府一般不恪守涵我的辩护律师，也不在它的行为，将遭受失败： - 让

such a one be dismissed!

这样的人被开除！

16. While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful

16。虽然标题是我律师的利润，还利用自己的任何帮助

circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules.

以上情况，超出了一般规则。

17. According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans.

17。根据有利的情况下，应该修改自己的计划。

18. All warfare is based on deception.

18。所有的战争是基于欺骗。

19. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must

19。因此，当可以攻击，我们必须似乎不能，当使用我们的力量，我们必须

seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away;

似乎无效，当我们走近时，我们必须让敌人相信，我们正在远离;

when far away, we must make him believe we are near.

当遥远，我们必须让他相信我们已经接近。

20. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.

20。伸出诱饵来吸引敌人。假装障碍，粉碎了他。

21. If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him.

21。如果他是安全的所有点，要为他准备。

If he is in superior strength, evade him.

如果他是实力超群，回避他。

22. If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him.

22。如果你的怒是，设法激怒他。

Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.

假装要弱，他可能会增长傲慢。

23. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest.

23。如果他带着轻松，让他没有休息。

If his forces are united, separate them.

如果他的力量团结起来，把它们分开。

24. Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.

24。攻击他，他是没有准备，你在哪里出现不预期。

25. These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.

25。这些军事设备，导致胜利，绝不能事先透露。

26. Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple ere the

26。现在一般的谁胜一战使得他的寺庙很多计算3:3

battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but

战役战斗​​。一般谁败战，只能造就

few calculations beforehand.

前几年计算。

Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much

这样做很多的计算导致的胜利，打败数计算：多少

more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can

更没有计算在所有！它是由注意这一点，我可以

foresee who is likely to win or lose.

预见到可能会是谁赢或输。

Chapter II. WAGING WAR

第二章。发动战争

1. Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand

1。孙子说：在战争，那里的行动在该领域是一千

swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with

战车迅速，许多重型车辆，和十万邮件包兵，与

provisions enough to carry them a thousand

实施这些规定足以千

li, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests,

李，在家里和在前面，包括客人提供娱乐的开支，

small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will

小项目，如胶水和油漆，以及战车和装甲花费款项，将

reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day.

达到每天一千盎司白银总。

Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.

这就是提高10万人的军队的费用。

2. When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's

2。当您进行实际战斗的胜利，如果在接下来的很长，那么男人的

weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped.

沉闷的武器将增加他们的热情和会衰减。

If you lay siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength.

如果你围攻的一个小镇，你会用尽你的力量。

3. Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be

3。再次，如果运动是长期的，国家的资源将不会被

equal to the strain.

等于压力。

4. Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped, your strength exhausted and

4。现在，当你的武器是迟钝，你的热情衰减，你的力量耗尽，

your treasure spent, other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your

用你的财富，其他土司将迅速涌现，以利用您的

extremity.

下肢。

Then no man, however wise, will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.

然后，没有人，但聪明，将能够避免的后果，必须接踵而至。

5. Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been

5。因此，尽管我们已经在战争中的愚蠢匆忙听说，聪明从未

seen associated with long delays.

看到相关的长时间延迟。

6. There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.

6。没有任何一个国家的实例有从长期战争中受益。

7. It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can

7。它是唯一一个谁是彻底与邪恶的战争，可以了解

thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.

深刻认识贯彻它有利可图的方式。

8. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-wagons

8。纯熟的士兵不会引发第二次征费，也不是他的供应车

loaded more than twice.

装载超过两次。

9. Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy.

9。将战争从你家的材料，但在敌人的饲料。

Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.

因此，军队将有足够的粮食的需要。

10. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions

10。国家财政大臣贫困导致军队被捐款维持

from a distance.

从远处。

Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be

有助于维持一个距离军队使人们可以

impoverished.

贫困。

11. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high

11。另一方面，是军队的接近导致价格上涨，以及高

prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.

价格引起人们的物质被消耗殆尽。

12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy

12。当他们的物质消耗殆尽，农民将遭受重

exactions.

勒索。

13,14. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the

13,14。在这样的物质损失和疲惫的力量，对家

people will be stripped bare, and three- tenths of their income will be dissipated;

人将被剥夺光秃秃的，和三十分之一的收入将被驱散;

while government expenses for broken

而政府开支破

chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and

车辆，破旧的马匹，母乳板和头盔，弓箭，长矛，

shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-

防护罩，防护罩，导流牛和重型货车，将达到四

tenths of its total revenue.

其总收入的十分之一。

15. Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy.

15。因此，一个有智慧的将军作出了对敌人的觅食点。

One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own, and

其中一个敌人的规定cartload相当于一个人自己的二十根，

likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store.

同样是他的饲料单一担，相当于从自己的商店到20。

16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be

16。现在，为了杀死敌人，我们的人一定要激起的愤怒，这有可能是

advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.

从战胜敌人的优势，他们必须有自己的奖励。

17. Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those

17。因此，在战车的战斗，当十或以上的战车已经采取了，那些

should be rewarded who took the first.

谁应该得到回报了第一。

Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots

我们自己的标志应取代了敌人的人，和战车

mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly

混合，并与我们一起使用。被捕获的士兵应该被好心

treated and kept.

处理和保存。

18. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.

18。这就是所谓的，用征服敌人，以增强自己的实力。

19. In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.

19。在战争的话，让你的伟大目标是胜利，而不是冗长的运动。

20. Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate,

20。因此，可以知道，对军队的领导是人民的命运仲裁者，

the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.

该名男子谁取决于是否对这个国家应在和平或危险。

Chapter III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM

第三章。攻击战略

1. Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the

1。孙子说：在战争实践艺术，最好的方法是采取

enemy's country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good.

敌人的整个国家和完整，粉碎并摧毁它也不是那么好。

So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a

因此，也最好是整个军队夺回比摧毁它，攻克了

regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.

团，一支队或公司整个比将其销毁。

2. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme

2。因此，打击和征服所有的战斗是不至上精益求精;最高

excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.

卓越不战而在于打破了敌人的抵抗。

3. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans; the next best is

3。因此，将军的最高形式是放水敌人的计划，下一个最好的

to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack the

为防止敌人的力量的交界处;其次是按顺序攻击

enemy's army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.

敌人的军队在该领域以及最糟糕的政策是围攻城池。

4. The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided.

4。规则是，不要围攻城池，如果它都不可能避免。

The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war,

对mantlets，移动候车亭，各种器具和战争准备，

will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls

会占用整整3个月;及打桩的土堆就对着墙壁

will take three months more.

将需要三个月以上。

5. The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the

5。一般，无法控制自己的愤怒，将推出他的人到

assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while

蚂蚁一样蜂拥攻击，结果有三分之一的人有三分之一是他的被杀，而

the town still remains untaken.

镇仍然未放取。

Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.

这样是一个攻城的灾难性影响。

6. Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he

6。因此，熟练的领导人没有任何战斗制胜敌人的军队，他

captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom

没有围攻捕捉他们的城市，他推翻他们的王国

without lengthy operations in the field.

在外地没有冗长的操作。

7. With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus,

7。他与他的部队将完好无损争议的帝国掌握，因此，

without losing a man, his triumph will be complete.

不失一人，他的胜利将是完整的。

This is the method of attacking by stratagem.

这是由战略进攻的方法。

8. It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; if

8。这是在战争规则，如果我们的军队是十到敌人的一，包围他，如果

five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.

五比一，攻击他，如果两倍多，分成两个我们的军队。

9. If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can

9。如果势均力敌，我们可以提供战斗，如果在数量上略逊一筹，我们可以

avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.

躲避敌人，如果在各方面都非常不平等的，我们才能远离他。

10. Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must

10。因此，虽然一个顽固的斗争可能是由一小股力量，最终它必须

be captured by the larger force.

被抓获的更大的力量。

11. Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all

11。现在一般是国家的堡垒，如果舷墙已完成在所有

points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be

点;国家将强;若堡垒是有缺陷的，国家将

weak.

弱。

12. There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--

12。有三种方法可以把一个统治者后，他的军队不幸： -

13. (1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact

13。 （1）指挥军队前进或后退，是因为不知道

that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.

它可以不服从。这就是所谓的步履蹒跚的军队。

14. (2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom,

14。 （2）通过尝试以同样的方式支配的军队，因为他管理一个王国，

being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army.

其中的条件是在军队中获得无知。

This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds.

这将导致在士兵的心中不安。

15. (3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through

15。 （3）通过采用无歧视他的军队人员，通过

ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances.

无知的情况下，适应军事原则。

This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.

这动摇了士兵的信心。

16. But when the army is restless and distrustful, trouble is sure to come from

16。但是，当军队是不安和不信任，麻烦的是一定要来的

the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the

其他诸侯。这简直是​​无政府状态带进

army, and flinging victory away.

军队，胜利抛到了。

17. Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory: (1) He will win who

17。因此，我们可以知道，胜利是有五个要点：（1）他会赢谁

knows when to fight and when not to fight. (2) He will win who knows how to handle

知道什么时候打，什么时候不打。 （2）他将赢得谁知道如何处理

both superior and inferior forces.

双方优劣力量。

(3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.

（3）他将赢得他的军队是由同在所有的队伍精神鼓舞。

(4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared.

（4）他将赢得谁，自己准备，等待敌人采取措手不及。

(5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the

（5）他将赢得谁拥有军事能力，而不是通过与干扰

sovereign.

主权。

18. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear

18。因此，他说：如果你知道敌人，了解自己，你不必害怕

the result of a hundred battles.

百战不殆的一个结果。

If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a

如果你知道你自己而不是敌人，取得胜利的每个你也会遭受

defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself,

失败。如果你知道，无论是敌人，也不自己，

you will succumb in every battle.

你会在每一场战争屈服。

Chapter IV. TACTICAL DISPOSITIONS

第四章。战术处置

1. Sun Tzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility

1。孙子说：老战士把好第一超越自己的可能性

of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

失败，然后等待一个克敌制胜的机会。

2. To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of

2。为了确保自己对失败在于我们自己手中，而是机遇

defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.

战胜敌人的敌人是自己提供的。

3. Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make

3。因此，优秀的战士，是能够确保对败在自己手下，但不能

certain of defeating the enemy.

一定打败敌人。

4. Hence the saying: One may know how to conquer without being able to do it.

4。因此，他说：一会知道如何去征服，而不能做到这一点。

5. Security against defeat implies defensive tactics; ability to defeat the

5。安全意味着对失败的防守战术;能力打败

enemy means taking the offensive.

敌人的手段以攻为守。

6. Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength; attacking, a

6。会议指出在防守强度不够，进攻，一

superabundance of strength.

过剩的力量。

7. The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the

7。一般是谁在防守中隐藏技术的最深处的秘密

earth; he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven.

地球，他是谁在攻击技能闪烁，提出了从天上的顶层高度。

Thus on the one hand we have ability to protect ourselves; on the other, a victory

因此，一方面我们有能力保护自己，另一方面，一个胜利

that is complete.

这是完整的。

8. To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme

8。看到胜利只有当它在畜群的共同视野，是不是极致

of excellence.

卓越。

9. Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire

9。也不是卓越的战斗，如果你和整个帝国征服极致

says, "Well done!"

说：“干得好！”

10. To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength; to see the sun and moon is

10。解除一个秋天的头发是没有伟大力量的象征;在看到太阳和月亮

no sign of sharp sight; to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear.

没有锋利的视线迹象;听到雷声是一个灵敏的耳朵没有迹象。

11. What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins, but

11。古人所谓的聪明的战士，不仅是一个谁赢了，但

excels in winning with ease.

擅长轻松获胜。

12. Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for

12。因此，他的胜利使他没有智慧，也没有信用声誉

courage.

勇气。

13. He wins his battles by making no mistakes.