Name: 如何阻止流行病的發生 (How to Stop an Epidemic)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T09:37:30.000Z
Duration: 16 min
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基礎被動語態

this video was made possible by away Get your away suitcase for $20 off at the link in the description in the final days of December 2013 in the small village of Miljan do Guinea.

情態副詞

Ah, young 18 month old boy named Emil died only four days before.

過去完成式

This child had been completely healthy, acting normally playing regularly in the bat infested backyard of his rural home.

But then he developed flu like symptoms, which spiraled and spiraled until he passed.

Unfortunately, such an occurrence is not uncommon for the young Children of Guinea, a country not known for the quality of its health care.

But then, just a few days later, his sister died too than his mother than his grandmother than a family friend, each of which had attended to the boy in his final days.

This was not normal, but nobody was exactly sure what had happened to these people.

Their symptoms resembled that of a number of illnesses common to the area, such as malaria and typhoid fever.

But in the end the doctor settled on cholera.

Given this infections, profile and propensity in Guinea, but then the cholera spread.

Spreading is not surprising, but a far higher proportion of patients than predicted died.

Medical staff were starting to get concerned that this might not be just another of the areas all too common cholera outbreaks.

And so they pass word on to mid saw some frontier Anglicized as Doctors Without Borders who were by chance already on the ground in Guinea treating a malaria outbreak.

The organization liaised with the infectious disease experts at their head office in Geneva who presented unsettling hypothesis.

They weren't sure, but they agreed that it might not be cholera, and then it might be Ebola.

The outbreak quite closely followed the profile of this virus, but Ebola had never really been an issue in West Africa.

For the most part, it had on Lee ever been seen in Central Africa what is now north and south Sudan, Uganda, the DRC, the Congo and Gabbana thes Current cases were well over 1000 miles from the closest previous outbreak to the idea of the virus.

Simply randomly popping up in the middle of the gun and forest was unlikely, but none the less terrifying so they needed to be sure.

Therefore, Med Sans Frontiere gather samples, packed them in three layers of protective packaging, loaded them on a plane charter from Glick.

A do flew them to the capital, then transfer them onto the overnight Air France flight to Paris, where they were analyzed in a specialized laugh.

Unfortunately, the worst of their worst fears were confirmed.

Not only was this Ebola, but it was the Zaire strain, the most deadly of Ebola species.

That confirmation was publicly announced by the World Health Organization on March 23rd 2014 nearly three months after the young boy for 1,000,000 do died.

O was concerned the rest of the world was not, the rest of the world didn't even realize what was going on or it's devastating potential.

The New York Times, for example, took four whole days after the announcement to publish their first article about the virus on 100 and 46 word right up, mostly focusing on the government's ban on bat soup in order to curb the spread.

This would be the first of thousands of articles they would write over the next few years about this virus.

This was the start of the worst Ebola epidemic in history.

Now that the virus was identified, the goal shifted to stopping it.

The organization most in charge of coordinating the international response to epidemics is the World Health Organization.

The members of this United Nations agency include a majority of the world's countries, and so when there's a public health emergency, it falls on them to respond.

H O, their first step was to activate their global outbreak alert and response network.

This includes essentially fast response medical teams for epidemics, the first of which in this case arrived on March 28th just five days after the initial alert.

Their first goal was to find the links between the patients, the draw maps of who infected who in order to try and just quarantine everyone exposed and stop the virus before it could even gain its legs.

This was not particularly difficult in this case, as the cases in 1,000,000 do attracted attention early on, but the news was also not particularly good.

You see, when the first victim, the young a meal, was sick, his mom and sister took him to stay across the village at his grandmother's house.

When that grandmother later became sick, she went to visit a friend, a nurse in the nearby, larger town of Greco do in order to get some help.

Weeks later, that nurse to develop symptoms and sought help from a friend of Hiss, a doctor in the even larger town of Miss Ente, without doctor to fell ill, he set off to seek help in the country's capital, but died along the way, and so his body was then sent to the even larger city of kissy do goo, where the funeral was held.

Now, while Ebola does not spread through the air, it does through contact with the bodily fluids of an infected patient, whether dead or alive.

So hospitals and burial facilities are were.

Most transmissions occur, especially if proper quarantine procedures are not followed.

Considering that at this point nobody knew it was Ebola, nobody was following these procedures in 1,000,000 do quickly due cente or kissy do so with each infected patient that went to the city's.

More and more people were infected, who themselves infected Maur, and so on and so forth.

By the time medical institutions knew this was Ebola.

Three months after the first case, it was too late to trace all the transmissions.

Therefore, focus shifted toe isolating and treating the infected.

The W, H O MSF and other international organisations shipped in staff by the planeload know much longer than a week after detection.

There were more than 100 for medical staff in the country.

The other important goal was to ship in as much protective gear as possible doctors, nurses and other medical staff or at the most risk for transmission from Ebola patients and therefore, in order to not become patients themselves.

The Muto wear as they became known Ebola suits, of which thousands were shaped in within weeks.

The country's Ministry of Health quickly set up a system where, if anyone suspected anyone of having Ebola, they could call a hotline 115 for a doctor to come out on a motorcycle and investigate.

If this doctor believe the patient could indeed have the virus, they would call out a team from MSF, which in full biohazard suits would transport the patient to an isolation ward at a hospital in Conakry, the capital.

This system was quickly overwhelmed with up to 300 calls a day, but it seemed to actually work by the beginning of May, Less than two months after the initial alert, this hospital in Conakry, where the patients were isolated, reached its first week without a new Ebola patients.

Then it reached its second and its third as three weeks is the incubation period for Ebola, the period it takes for symptoms to arise in virus carriers.

You meant that as long as nobody in the hospital was infected, the spread would be over.

With that, preparations began for the retreat of the NGOs in Guinea.

It was crisis averted, job well done mission accomplished until May 27th.

That's when a new patient came in and then more came dozens more from all around the country.

It turned out that the Ebola had not, in fact been stopped.

But rather, many of the patients in the rural isolated regions of the country has simply become distrustful of medical professionals.

Many had seen foreign medical staff in their towns before they had seen Ebola victims, and therefore many came to the conclusion that it was these staff who were spreading the virus rather than preventing its spread.

Therefore, when people in these villages became sick, they simply didn't report it to the country's medical system, which made the problem worse.

As unprotected, untrained townspeople cared for the infected well.

The May of 2014 saw just 74 official cases, fewer than each of the previous two months.

With the resurgence in cases, the world was now paying attention to get close by.

The borders between Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone were quickly closed down, but it was too little, too late.

That June also marked the first month at both Liberia and Sierra Leone recorded significant numbers of cases further afield.

The rest of the world wanted to be sure that the virus would be contained to just these three countries, given that infected individuals can carry the virus with no symptoms.

From 2 21 days, travel was a major concern.

Most airlines suspended their flights, Emirates stopped flying, beginning Delta stop flying to Liberia, and the situation was most pronounced in Sierra Leone.

We're all airlines, except for Brussels airlines stop flying to the country's airports this lack of flights to the region made things difficult in terms of getting supplies and workers into the region.

In fact, Brussels Airlines is largely credited it with playing a crucial role in the fight against the epidemic for having not cancelled their flights.

The airline received praise from everyone up to the Obama administration.

They flew to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone for the entirety of the crisis, carefully crafting schedules so that their staff would never have to spend an overnight in the Ebola stricken nations.

Passengers departing on these flights were all carefully screened.

To be sure they were not exhibiting symptoms as Belgium and the rest of the world certainly did not want the virus spreading to their countries.

A few isolated cases did appear in various countries worldwide, mostly from health workers returning home.

Since the virus is containment was successful.

Once an individual, contracts Ebola, there was not a whole lot that could be done medically to stop the virus.

Treatment essentially involves assuring that an individual has the fluids and oxygen necessary for their Bonnie to stage the fight.

Therefore, the steps necessary to reach complete eradication of Ebola in West Africa were simple, but the implementation was tough.

Since Ebola is not contagious until symptoms arise, the key was to just isolate the infected as soon as symptoms arose.

The issue, though, was that all three of these countries do not have the infrastructure necessary to treat the thousands of cases that came in each month.

Not only that, but in many cases known Ebola medical facilities actually closed down in fear of the virus spreading to their staff, meaning that for unrelated health issues, people were not getting the treatment they needed.

All of the international organizations working in the region scramble to set up enough Ebola treatment centers.

At the minimum, they could just be tense.

But they were crucial to make sure that the infected patients were not being turned away from treatment and sent back to their communities.

These organizations confronting the virus each other own solution on how to stop the epidemic, and this, of course led to disputes.

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如何阻止流行病的發生 (How to Stop an Epidemic)

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