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You are standing at the most iconic destination in India; the Taj Mahal. The building, with
你正位於印度最具標誌性的建築:泰姬瑪哈陵
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its white shining marble, is actually one of the most iconic destinations in the world.
這座佈滿白色耀眼大理石的建築物,正是世界級最具標誌性的地點之一
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The Taj Mahal has been voted into "the seven new wonders of the world"-list and is visited
泰姬瑪哈陵已經被票選為世界新七大奇景之一
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by millions of people each year. While many think Taj Mahal refers to the white
每年有上百萬的遊客前來參觀。許多人認為泰姬瑪哈陵只是一座以白色大理石
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marble mausoleum, the Taj Mahal is actually the whole structural complex. In order to enter
修築的陵墓,其實,泰姬瑪哈陵的建築結構非常複雜
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the Taj Mahal you pass through the gateway building which leads into the garden. The
為了進入泰姬瑪哈陵,您需要穿過通往花園的大門
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raised marble water tank between the gatehouse and the mausoleum is called "al Hawd al-Kawthar",
介於花園門樓與陵墓之間上升的大理石水池,稱為「al Hawd al-Kawthar」
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in reference to the "Tank of Abundance" promised to Muhammad -- Prophet of Islam. In addition
意指允諾伊斯蘭教先知—穆罕默德的「豐盛之池」
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to the mausoleum, Taj Mahal is made up of a mosque to the west and a mimic building
除了陵墓以外,泰姬瑪哈陵的西側由一座清真寺所組成,東側則是仿效西側清真寺的建築外觀
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to the east. The eastern building's purpose was to provide architectural balance or possibly
東側建築物的設計目的為達到整體建築的平衡感
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serve as a guesthouse. Surrounding the main mausoleum stands four minarets. These were
或者是用來作為來賓接待廳。陵墓的主體周圍林立著四座宣禮塔
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used in traditional mosques to call Islamic faithful to prayer. While these towers were
這些宣禮塔在傳統的清真寺裡,是用以召喚信眾禮拜。這些宣禮塔的設計
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designed as working minarets, they further displaying the designer's desire for perfect
不僅有實際用途,更進一步地展現設計者對於對稱之美的追求
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symmetry. So what's the story behind this amazing place?
那麼,這座美麗建築物的背後隱藏著甚麼樣的故事呢?
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Why was it built and by who? The story behind Taj Mahal starts when the
為什麼建造它、由誰建造而成的?泰姬瑪哈陵的故事
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Mughal emperor to be, Shan Jahan, met a Persian nobles daughter, Arjumand Banu. They quickly
起源於蒙兀兒王朝第五代君王沙賈汗與波斯貴族的女兒亞珠曼德.貝儂的相遇
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fell in love and married five years later. By then, Shan Jahan already had two wives,
他們很快地墜入愛河且在五年後結為連理。在此之前,沙賈汗已經有兩位妻子
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but Arjumand would become his favorite wife. When Shan Jahan became the emperor in 1628,
但是亞珠曼德.貝儂成為沙賈汗最愛的妻子。當沙賈汗於西元1628年登基即位
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he bestowed her with the title "Mumtaz Mahal" -- meaning "Jewel of the Temple".
他隨即贈予他的愛妻「慕塔芝・瑪哈」的頭銜—意指「宮殿之光」
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When Mumtaz Mahal died while giving birth to their 14th child, in 1631, Shan Jahan was
1631年,慕塔芝・瑪哈在第14胎時不幸難產過世,沙賈汗傷心至極
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devastated. Some say" The Taj", as it is sometimes referred to, was built as a last request from
有些人說泰姬瑪哈陵是慕塔芝・瑪哈臨終前的最後請求
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his wife while others say it was simply a way to honor her. Either way, Shan Jahan gave
然而,有些人說建造這一座陵墓只是為了能讓大家紀念她。無論哪種說法
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the order to build what would be one of the most magnificent tombs ever -- one certainly
沙賈汗下令所建造的美麗陵墓,將成為一座最震驚世人的陵墓之一
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worthy of his very own "Jewel of the Temple". One year after the death of his beloved wife,
此建築的美貌作為他的「宮殿之光」,當之無愧。沙賈汗的愛妻過世一年後
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the construction of the Taj Mahal began. The name Taj Mahal further shows the emperors
泰姬瑪哈陵的建造計畫開始動工。此名字「泰姬瑪哈陵」更進一步地傳達帝王
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dedicating and love for his lost wife. "Taj" is a Hindu origin and means "crown" while
對於已逝妻子的愛意。「Taj」一詞來自印度,意指「皇冠」
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"Mahal" refers to the title he bestowed his wife. Thus, "Taj Mahal" translates to "The
「Mahal(瑪哈)」即是沙賈汗贈予愛妻的頭銜。因此,「Taj Mahal」意指
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Crown of Mahal", which is certainly a fitting name.
「宮殿之冠(宮殿中最心愛的人)」,此名非常之貼切
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The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia and over 1,000
泰姬瑪哈陵的建料來自印度與亞洲各地,且使用超過1000頭大象
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elephants were used to transport building materials. The work force was made up of over
搬運建料。徵招超過2萬名人力
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20.000 men and Shan Jahan had the best sculptors, calligraphers and stonecutters from all over
請來當時亞洲與中東各地最傑出的雕刻家、書法家與石匠
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asia and the middle east recruited in order to build the Taj Mahal. The main building
一同來建造泰姬瑪哈陵
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was completed 26 years later, in 1648, and the whole building complex as such 1953.
主殿花費了26年的時間建造而成,於1648年完成,整座繁複的陵墓完工時間約在1953年
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The Taj Mahal architecture combines styles from Persian, Indian and Islamic designs.
泰姬瑪哈陵的建築設計融合了波斯、印度與伊斯蘭教風格
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It is by many seen as the crown jewel of Muslim art in India. The dome, which has gotten the
被許多人視為印度伊斯蘭藝術的瑰寶。陵墓上部的圓形穹頂高達35公尺
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nickname "the onion dome" due to its looks, stands 35 meters tall. The dome is crowned
因為它的外觀似洋蔥,而有「洋蔥形屋頂」的暱稱
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by a bronze finial with Persian and Hindu decorative elements.
圓形穹頂的頂尖冠上富有波斯與印度風格的青銅裝飾物
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The calligraphy and the other decorative elements found on the outside of the main building
主殿外觀的書法藝術與其他裝飾元素
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are some of the finest you can find. Much of the writing on the building is composed of varieties
其中有些是當時最傑出的代表作品。建築物上的文學作品
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of Islamic calligraphy scripts, made of jasper or black marble, inlaid in white marble panels.
是由許多伊斯蘭書法手稿所組成,以紅砂岩或黑色大理石所製成,鑲入白色的大理石板
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The writings often have influence or are taken directly from passages in the Qur'an.
這些文學作品通常具有舉足輕重的地位,或是直接擷取《可蘭經》內的經文
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The calligraphy on the Great Gate reads "O Soul, thou art at rest. Return to the Lord
大門上的書法文字傳遞此訊息:「靈魂啊,該休息了。回到真主阿拉的身邊
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at peace with Him, and He at peace with you." Today, both Shan Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal rest
與祂一同長眠,祂也賜予你平靜。」如今,沙賈汗君王與他的愛妻慕塔芝・瑪哈
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inside the main building. One might think their sarcophagi are in the main chamber,
共同長眠在主殿裡。有人認為他們的石棺擺在中央墓室裡
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but these are actually false graves. Their sarcophagi lie next to each other beneath
但其實那些石棺是空的。他們的靈柩被並排擺放,依偎在彼此身邊
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the inner chamber with their faces turned right and towards Mecca. Due to Muslim tradition
被放置在地下墓室,臉皆朝右,望向麥加。由於穆斯林的傳統習俗當中
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forbidding elaborate decoration of graves, their graves are relatively plain and simple,
禁止過度裝飾墳墓,比起這座圍繞在他們四周的陵墓
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in contrast to the tomb building surrounding them.
他們的靈柩相較之下顯得簡單而樸實