Welcome to the very first show of a brand new season of CNN 10. 3

We are a 10 minute down, the middle explanation of world events, and we welcome viewers from around the world to our 2019 fall season. 4

My name is Carla Zeus. 5

I'll be your explainer in chief, and the first place we're going this August 12th is cashmere. 6

This is a region of Southern Asia, and according to the U. 7

S. 8

Central Intelligence Agency, Cashmere is the scene of the largest territorial dispute on the planet. 9

India controls part of Kashmir, but once all of it to be Indian territory. 10

Pakistan controlled part of Kashmir, but once all of it to be Pakistani territory. 11

China also controls a section of Kashmir. 12

Since 1949 India has given the part of Kashmir it controls a special status. 13

The Indian state has been allowed to have its own constitution, its own flag and its own control over many parts of day to day life. 14

But last week, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the special status of Indian controlled Kashmir caused separatism, terrorism and corruption. 15

So India's government voted to reorganize and reclassify Indian territory in Kashmir. 16

The changes give India's government more control over what happens there. 17

This angered Pakistan. 18

It doesn't want India to have any more influence in any part of Kashmir, and it called India's decision illegal. 19

China also protest in India's Decision concerning Kashmir Relations between India and Pakistan have gotten worse as the tensions have climbed. 20

The when it comes to cashmere, that's nothing new. 21

I mean, it's such a big deal Because nuclear armed rivals India and Pakistan have been fighting over it form or than 70 years. 22

Both came the region in its entirety. 23

India currently controls on 45% of Bushmen territory and Pakistan controlled about 35%. 24

China controls arrest. 25

So how did we get here? 26

Troubles began in 1947 when India and Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain. 27

Cashmere initially remained independent, but later it ruler signed a letter exceeding to India, sparking off war with Pakistan. 28

War broke out again in 1965 and again in 1971. 29

Even after both India and Pakistan became nuclear powers, Border clashes continued, including notably in 1999 when violence stopped short of a full scale war. 30

The flash point remains the heavily militarized a Line of Control, which divides the Pakistani and Indian controlled regions. 31

Relations between the two countries will continue toe ebb and flow. 32

Cashmere is sure to be a thorn in the side of relations between India and Pakistan for the foreseeable future. 33

12th trivia On the periodic table 17 elements are classified as what. 34

Halogen noble gases, Landon IEDs or rare Earth elements. 35

17 of the chemical elements on the table are rare earth metals, which are widely used in electronics. 36

Fun fact about rare earth elements. 37

They're not that rare, but maybe somewhat available. 38

Earth elements didn't have the same ring scanned IAM, which is one of them is used in many TVs. 39

Lengthen, um, is in camera lenses. 40

Your watch may have artificial prometheus. 41

Many rare earth elements are produced or processed in China, and that could affect her into an ongoing trade dispute between the United States and China. 42

If higher tariffs or taxes affect the costs of rare earth metals, everything from magnets to car engines could get more expensive. 43

They are everywhere. 44

You'll find them in your phone, your car, even in wind turbines without rare earth elements. 45

A lot of the technology we have today wouldn't exist in its current form, their mind in places like this and then milled into a concentrate before being processed into the pure metal. 46

The global appetite for rare earth elements is surging was actually about 50% contained in this concentrate. 47

But what are they, well, country to the name They're not actually that red Elements are a collection of 17 metals. 48

They're found here on the periodic table, with names that are almost impossible to pronounce. 49

And while they're abundant, they're not often found in quantities that make extraction economically viable. 50

They're known for having similar properties and mostly used in magnets, catalysts or in hybrid car batteries. 51

Even some military equipment requires rare elements. 52

China is by far the biggest producer. 53

It has 1/3 of the world's deposits and accounts for more than 90% of global production and supply. 54

And while there are a handful of other countries with deposits, mining them is only half the battle. 55

Bigger issue is processing, and purifying that's a dirty process can involve handling radioactive waste. 56

Up until now, most countries have been happy to leave that work to China with us has one rare abs mine, but it's still exports its product. 57

In China processing. 58

As more and more technology appears, that relies on rare earths and demand for that technology grows. 59

So does the dependency on China. 60

40 years after one G or first generation wireless technology arrived, five g is finally upon us. 61

Or is it? 62

There's a lot of excitement about how faster wireless speeds could change our lives. 63

But even though five G technology is now available in a few American cities, one analyst says, don't hold your breath. 64

It could take a long as eight years before it's available in his many places. 65

As for G right now is CNN. 66

Samantha Murphy Kelly tried to take five G for a spin. 67

So this is an actual five G cell site location here in the East Village. 68

You can see that the five G site is sort of a small rectangle on top of a longer vertical rectangle, and there are other for G sites around it. 69

The five duty mobile site allows sort of this high band millimeter wave to kind of cast a spectrum down, and you're able to access his higher speeds if you're in the vicinity around it. 70

So what is five G anyway? 71

It's the next generation, or G, of cellular service to G was more focused on text messaging. 72

Three G was sort of the boom of APS for G introduced faster speech so it could handle uber or face time. 73

Now five G is supposed to be 10 times as fast, and it will be able to support self driving cars, robotic surgery's even toothbrushes that can tell you when you're sick. 74

T Mobile's five G Network is only in a few cities for now, but it has an aggressive plan to roll out to the rest of the country by next year. 75

A T and T, CNN's parent company, is more focused on helping businesses, and Verizon is all about speed. 76

But I quickly noticed staying on its five G network was a challenge. 77

Sprint had the most seamless coverage, giving me a glimpse into what life with five you can really look like. 78

But it also had slower speeds than some of the other providers. 79

You can see how close we are to the five G cell site right there in the building above the Starbucks, but I can't even get on the network. 80

I'm just only a couple 100 feet away away. 81

Okay, I got it. 82

We did a test on T Mobile's for G and five G connections in the park. 83

The five G network was significantly faster, but it didn't quite hit the high speeds I saw on other networks, so I'm getting really great five G service right here. 84

The Starbucks and the five G cell site is right above me. 85

But let's see what happens if I go in and there we go, just just drop it just now. 86

Some people might think that they're already using five G on my phone. 87

Actually, it says five g E, which stands for five. 88

G evolution. 89

You're using much faster network, but you're not actually using five G. 90

That's actually because you need one of these phones. 91

This is a Samsung five G phone. 92

It costs $1300. 93

There are other options on the market to LG has one that's almost $1000. 94

That's still really expensive for a network that might not work that great for you, and you might not even have access to it. 95

So the hyper five G is high and for good reason. 96

There's so many different applications that's really going to change, probably the way we live. 97

But for now, service is super spotty. 98

It's really limited, It's expensive, and it's going to take so long for these companies to truly put the equipment and all the different buildings on the lamppost across the country. 99

So you might just want to sit tight and wait for them to work out the kinks for 10 out of 10 today, Louisville may be famous in part for the Kentucky Derby, but Chicago's got an annual Ducky Derby. 100

More than 63,000 rubber duckies dumped into the Chicago River. 101

That happened last week. 102

This is a race. 103

It costs five bucks for a human participant to sponsor a duck. 104

Proceeds go to support the special Olympics. 105

And if your duck is one of the first to float across the finish line, you could win a vacation. 106

A lot of cash or a new car. 107

You'd feel pretty ducky. 108

It be your lucky day. 109

If you're floats, floats quickly and you're just five bills away from becoming one lucky duck. 110

This is where we duck out for the day. 111

I'm Carla Zeus.