project I've done a service evaluation of the Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals

我做了一個桑德威爾和西伯明翰醫院的服務評估項目。

trust Phase 3 cardiovascular rehabilitation programme that's offered at City Hospital

市立醫院提供的信託第三階段心血管康復計劃。

in Birmingham. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the United Kingdom

在伯明翰。心血管疾病是聯合王國的主要死亡原因。

and cardiac rehabilitation is put into place as a secondary prevention with the aims of

並將心臟康復作為二級預防，目的是為了。

restoring patients’ health from their disease condition and also ensuring that their quality

使患者從疾病狀態中恢復健康，同時也保證了患者的品質。

of life is brought back to what it was previously. So the aim of this study was to basically

的生活又恢復到了以前的樣子。所以本研究的目的基本上是

see if the cardiac rehabilitation programme they offer at City Hospital was effective

看看他們在市立醫院提供的心臟康復計劃是否有效。

and see whether there were any differences between sex, ethnicity and also the intervention

並查看性別、種族和干預措施之間是否存在任何差異。

of the patients. We had 94 patients in total all of them were referred to the outpatients

的病人。我們總共有94名病人，他們都是轉診到門診的。

for cardiac rehab at CH and they all underwent assessment before they started their exercise

他們都在開始運動前接受了評估。

training sessions. These assessments were anthropometric so we measure age, weight,

訓練課程。這些評估是人體測量，所以我們測量年齡、體重。

height and body mass index. We also did some cardiovascular assessments which included

身高和身體品質指數。我們還做了一些心血管的評估，包括

resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, heart rate maximum during exercise and then

靜止心率、靜止血壓、運動時的最大心率，然後是

heart rate recovery and blood pressure recovery at one minute and five minutes post exercise.

運動後1分鐘和5分鐘的心率恢復和血壓恢復。

Exercise capacity was determined by incremental shuttle walk test. Patients had to complete

運動能力通過增量穿梭行走測試來確定。患者必須完成

24 exercise training sessions and then we did follow up measures. What we found was

24次運動訓練，然後我們做了跟蹤測量。我們發現的是

there was a significant increase in the number of shuttles which patients completed after

病人完成的班車數量有了顯著增加。

cardiac rehab. There was also significant increase in heart rate recover at one minute

心臟康復訓練。一分鐘後心率恢復也有明顯的增加。

and five minutes post exercise. There was no difference in anthropometric measures at

和運動後5分鐘。在運動後5分鐘和5分鐘內，人體測量沒有差異。

follow-up and there was also no difference in blood pressure at follow-up either. These

隨訪時，血壓也沒有差異。這些

findings are quite encouraging, we're showing that patients can walk further after cardiac

研究結果是相當令人鼓舞的，我們'顯示病人可以走得更遠後，心臟的

rehabilitation and also that they have a greater reduction in heart rate after exercise, which

康復，而且他們在運動後的心率也有較大的降低，這

is really good. We can use these findings as well for best practice in development of

是真的好。我們也可以利用這些發現來制定最佳實踐。

cardiovascular rehabilitation at City Hospital Birmingham.

伯明翰市立醫院心血管康復科。

My name's Alex and for my third year dissertation as part of my Sport and Exercise Sciences

我的名字叫亞歷克斯，我的第三年論文是我的體育和運動科學的一部分。

degree I looked at matching energy intake to energy expenditure during different intensity

度，我研究了不同強度時能量攝入與能量消耗的匹配情況。

exercise bouts. So basically we got people to do a VO2 max test. So they run as hard

鍛鍊的陣痛。所以基本上我們讓人們做了一個最大VO2測試。所以，他們跑得很辛苦

as they can so we can work out their fitness levels. Then we get them to run at 60% or

儘量讓他們跑得快一點，這樣我們就能鍛煉出他們的體能水準。然後我們讓他們以60%的速度跑

90% of their VO2 max. Both energy bouts were expending the exact same amount of energy,

其最大VO2的90%。兩次能量比武消耗的能量完全相同。

450 calories. From there we asked them to consume food to the same amount of what they

450卡路里。從那裡，我們要求他們消耗的食物，以相同的量，他們的。

thought that they and give us an estimation of what they had expended. So we found that,

以為他們並給我們一個估計，他們花費了多少錢。所以我們發現，。

actually, a lower intensity or moderate intensity [exercise bout] causes people to, first of

實際上，較低強度或中等強度的[運動陣痛]會導致人們，首先是

all, think that they’ve expended less energy and consume less energy compared to higher

都認為自己消耗了較少的能量，消耗的能量比高

intensities. This has implication on people trying to lose weight. So if choose a moderate

強度。這對想減肥的人來說是有影響的。所以如果選擇適度的

intensity exercise bout it might actually cause a greater weight loss compared to higher

強度的運動，它實際上可能會導致更大的減肥相比，更高的。

intensities. My name is Simon Franklin and I was looking

強度。我的名字是西蒙-富蘭克林，我正在尋找。

at the effect of footwear on foot strike in middle- and long-distance. Basically we got

在中長距離運動中，鞋類對腳部打擊的影響。基本上我們得到了

runners into the lab and focused on kinematics associated between barefoot running and running

跑者進入實驗室，重點研究赤腳跑和跑步之間的相關運動學。

in shoes. We used our motion capture system that we have in the kinesiology lab to focus

的鞋子。我們使用我們的動作捕捉系統，我們有在運動學實驗室，專注於

on differences in technique and style associated between running in barefoot and running in

赤腳跑和穿鞋跑在技術和風格上的差異。

shoes. The results we found from this were that middle distance runners, as they are

鞋。我們從中發現的結果是，中長跑者，因為他們是

used to running more quickly and with more fore-foot strike which is associated with

習慣於跑得更快，更多的前腳掌，這與以下幾點有關係

barefoot running, that there was very little difference between running barefoot and running

赤腳跑，赤腳跑和跑步幾乎沒有什麼區別。

in shoes. Whereas in longer distance runners they normally adopt a rear-foot strike and

鞋中。而在長距離跑者中，他們通常採用後腳擊球和

therefore running barefoot changes this and there are significant difference between the

是以，赤腳奔跑改變了這一點，並且有顯著的差異之間的

two conditions. Therefore, this has implications on the recommendation for middle- distance

兩個條件。是以，這對中距離的建議有影響。

and long-distance runners as there is little difference between barefoot and shod in middle

和長跑者，因為在中長跑中，赤腳和穿鞋的區別不大。

distance runners, the benefits which they'll get from doing barefoot will be very limited.

長跑愛好者，他們從赤腳中得到的好處將非常有限。

Whereas for long-distance runners, if they switch to running barefoot, this may alter

而對於長跑愛好者來說，如果他們改用赤腳跑，可能會改變

their kinematics so they can be beneficial for their performance.

其運動學，這樣才能有利於其性能的發揮。

My name's Laura Bowen and I'm currently in my third year studying Sport and Exercise

我的名字叫Laura Bowen，目前在讀體育與運動專業三年級。

Sciences. My project was looking at how maximal and dynamic strength predicts sprint, shuttle

科學。我的項目是研究最大力量和動態力量如何預測短跑、穿梭機的速度。

and jump performance in young elite footballers at Aston Villa Academy. It was based on a

和阿斯頓維拉學院的年輕精英足球運動員的跳躍性能。該研究是基於

previous study which looked at maximal strength and sprint and jump variables in adult elite

以前的研究考察了成年精英選手的最大力量和短跑及跳躍變量。

footballers. We tested 12 players. They did the one rep and three rep max dead lifts.

足球運動員。我們測試了12名球員他們做了一次重複和三次重複的最大死舉。

They did two ten-metre sprints, two ten-metre shuttles and three counter-movement jumps.

他們做了兩次十米短跑、兩次十米穿梭和三次反動作跳躍。

We didn't find any relationship in the results for the one rep max or the three rep max predicted

我們沒有找到任何關係的結果中的一個重複的最大或三個重複的最大預測

sprint, shuttle or jump. This could have been due to the fact that the players had never

短跑、穿梭或跳躍。這可能是由於選手們從來沒有進行過

had any strength training before so they didn't know how to maximally produce force. It also

之前有任何力量訓練，所以他們不知道如何最大限度地產生力量。它還

could be due to that fact that they all had different maturity levels. So, it might have

可能是由於他們都有不同的成熟度這一事實。所以，它可能有

affecting their functional capacity. What we did find was maximal and dynamic strength

影響他們的功能能力。我們確實發現最大和動態力量

was strongly related to one another but the sprint and shuttle were only moderately related

彼此關係密切，但短跑和穿梭只存在中等關係。

and the jump didn't predict either sprint or shuttle. This suggest that we picked the

和跳躍沒有預測無論是短跑或穿梭。這說明我們選擇了

wrong test to test sprint and jump and that also sprint and jump can't be grouped together

錯誤的測試測試短跑和跳躍，而且短跑和跳躍也不能歸為一類。

in young elite footballers. In future what we are going to do is use this dissertation

中的年輕精英足球運動員。今後我們要做的就是利用這篇論文

as a baseline and do a strength training intervention for a number of weeks and then test them again

作為基線，並進行數週的力量訓練干預，然後再進行測試。

to then see if a relationship exists. My name's Scott Powell, I'm a third year Sport

然後看看是否存在關係。我的名字叫斯科特-鮑威爾，我是三年級的體育生。

and Exercise pupil. I've recently finished my third year dissertation project which is

和練習生。我最近完成了我的第三年論文項目，它是

looking coaches and athletes motivation in a grassroots football setting. What we specifically

在基層足球環境中尋找教練員和運動員的動力。我們的具體要求

wanted to look at was the antecedence of coaches’ specific styles. So whether they used controlling

想看的是教練的特定風格的前因後果。所以，他們是否使用控制型

styles or autonomy-supportive styles. Autonomy supportive styles are where you are offering

風格或自主支持風格。自主支持型風格是指你在提供

your athletes choice and provision and this is very adaptive. Whereas controlling behaviour

你的運動員的選擇和提供，這是非常適應的。而控制行為

is where you give your athletes rewards or you may be threatening them, which is obviously

是你給你的運動員獎勵的地方，或者你可能會威脅他們，這顯然是

mal-adaptive to their athletes motivation. So we used a questionnaire which measured

適應不良的運動員動機。是以，我們使用了一份問卷，測量了

a lot of variables for the motivational climate and we specifically found that a coach's basic

激勵氛圍的變量很多，我們特別發現，教練的基本'。

psychological need was associated with their autonomy-supportive style. So therefore you

心理需求與他們的自主支持風格有關。是以，你

can conclude that the club environment should, sort of, create an environment where these

可以得出結論，俱樂部的環境應該是，某種程度上，創造了一個環境，讓這些

needs can be satisfied and therefore your coach is more likely to use more adaptive

需求可以得到滿足，是以你的教練更有可能使用更多的適應性。

coaching styles, which is autonomy-supportive. I also investigated for the perceived pressures

教練風格，這是自主支持型的。我還調查了對壓力的感知。

in the environment had any effect on the coach's style. We found no significant results in

環境中對教練'的風格有什麼影響。我們發現在以下方面沒有顯著的結果

this area but this may be because we looked at a grassroots sample. Future research may

但這可能是因為我們研究的是基層樣本。未來的研究可能

look in a more competitive area of sport, so academy performers where there was high

在一個競爭更激烈的體育領域尋找，所以學院的表演者在那裡有高

pressure and see whether this affects the coaching styles of those coaches.

壓力，看看這是否會影響這些教練的執教風格。