Name: 【TED】塑膠的最新替代品，竟然是「蘑菇」？
Uploaded: 2013-12-27T03:19:31.000Z
Duration: 9 min 6 s

So, I'd like to spend a few minutes with you folks today

情態助動詞 B1

imagining what our planet might look like in a thousand years.

I need to talk to you about synthetic materials like plastics,

which require huge amounts of energy to create

創造合成材料需要消耗極大的能量

I also want to tell you and share with you

have been using mushrooms over the last three years.

不是利用它們的迷幻成份（笑聲）

We're using mushrooms to create an entirely new class of materials,

我們用蘑菇創造出一種全新的材料

which perform a lot like plastics during their use,

and are totally compostable at the end of their lives.

而且在無法使用時可以完全分解

I need to talk to you about what I consider one of the most egregious offenders

我必須告訴各位，在一次性塑料類別中

我所認為最糟糕的東西是什麽。

This is a material you all know is Styrofoam,

這是你們都知道的材料: 發泡膠

but I like to think of it as toxic white stuff.

我認為它比較像一種有毒的白色物質

In a single cubic foot of this material --

about what would come around your computer or large television --

會出現在你的電腦或大電視的這一材料 --

20 billion dollars of this material is produced every year,

每年有價值 200 億美元的材料被製造出來

and everything from building materials to surfboards

從咖啡杯到桌子，包含了所有東西

And that's not the only place it's found.

by volume, this material occupies 25 percent of our landfills.

在美國，塑膠材料佔了 25% 的掩埋場

- Even worse is when it finds its way into our natural environment --

更糟的是，它們也出現於我們的自然環境中

on the side of the road or next to a river.

If it's not picked up by a human, like me and you,

it'll stay there for thousands and thousands of years.

is when it finds its way into our oceans, like in the great plastic gyre,

它出現於我們的海洋中，比如太平洋環流區的龐大塑膠漩渦

where these materials are being mechanically broken

Earth's respiratory and circulatory systems.

And because these materials are so prolific,

there's one other place you'll find this material, styrene,

你可以在一個地方發現這材料，苯乙烯

which is made from benzene, a known carcinogen.

由石油醚所構成，一種致癌物質

and there are three key principles we can use to guide these materials.

我們可以依據三種原則使用這些材料

Today, we use a single feedstock, petroleum,

以石油作為屋內暖氣來源、車用燃料、

and make most of the materials you see around you.

並且使用絕大多數的材料做成你周遭的物品

我們認識到這是一種有限的資源

and it's simply crazy to do this, to put a liter and a half of petrol in the trash

而且每一次當你拿到一個包裝，

就是把1.5公升的汽油丟到垃圾桶裡，這實在是一件很瘋的事

Second of all, we should really strive to use far less energy

第二，我們實在應該盡可能地大量減少使用能源

I say far less, because 10 percent isn't going to cut it.

我說大量減少，因為 10% 是沒什麼作用的

We should be talking about half, a quarter,

我們應該討論是否降低一半、四分之一、

And lastly, and I think perhaps most importantly,

that fit into what I call nature's recycling system.

一種可以融入自然回收系統的材料

This recycling system has been in place for the last billion years.

這個自然回收系統已存在了幾十億年

and a hundred years tops, my body can return to the Earth with no preprocessing.

一百年來，我的身體無須任何前置作業即可回歸地球

Yet that packaging I got in the mail yesterday

But nature provides us with a really good model here.

但自然在這裡提供我們一個相當棒的模型

its solar collectors, these amazing molecular photon capturing devices --

它的太陽能集熱器，這些了不起的分子光子捕捉裝置 --

it doesn't pack them up, take them to the leaf reprocessing center

並不是把它們包起來，丟到樹葉處理中心去

and have them melted down to form new leaves.

It just drops them, the shortest distance possible,

而就只是使樹葉落地，以最短的距離

where they're actually upcycled into next year's topsoil.

在那，它們實際上循環再造了下一年的表土

is, by using a part of the mushroom you've probably never seen --

藉由一部份你可能從未見過的蘑菇 --

analogous to its root structure; it's called mycelium --

類似它的根結構。它被稱作菌絲體 --

事實上，我們可以和許多相同傳統屬性的合成纖維

with many of the same properties of conventional synthetics.

因為它是一種可以自行組合的材料

It actually takes things we would consider waste --

事實上，我們可以考慮一些廢棄材料

things like seed husks or woody biomass --

and can transform them into a chitinous polymer,

which you can form into almost any shape.

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【TED】塑膠的最新替代品，竟然是「蘑菇」？

part

rice

yesterday

put