And today, we're going to go over nine idioms that are related to fruits.

今天，我們要來複習 9 個成語，它們都跟「水果」有關

This is a follow-up to the fruit vocabulary video that we just did.

這是繼上次「水果字彙」影片之後的續集

The first idiom you may have heard of is comparing apples to oranges.

第 1 個你或許已經聽過的成語是：把蘋果與柳橙拿來比較

David, what does this idiom mean?

David，這句成語什麼意思？

It means that you're comparing two things that shouldn't be compared.

它是說：你把 2 個不應該比較的東西拿來比較

Like they're so different that comparison doesn't really work.

就像是完全不同的東西，拿來比較毫無意義

Correct.

沒錯

Apples to oranges, come on!

蘋果對上柳橙，得了吧！

Those are two different fruit eating experiences.

這 2 種水果吃起來感覺完全不同

>> They're both fruits. That's about it. >> Yeah.

>> 他們 2 個都是水果。大概就是這樣 >> 沒錯

>> You can't compare them. >> No. He can't compare them.

>> 你不能比較它們 >> 是的，他不能比較它們

Alright, let's think of an example.

好的，我們想一個例子

So the one that I thought about was something that comes up when people discuss sports is that

我想到的一個例子是：當大家在談論運動時，會被提到的話題

it's fun to compare teams from two different eras.

大家津津樂道地去比較 2 個不同世代的球隊

So right now, in American basketball, well basketball, the NBA,

現在，在美國籃球，嗯，籃球，就是美國職籃

basketball has gone global now so there's lots everywhere but in the NBA,

籃球現已全球普及，所以到處都有籃球。而在美國職籃中

the Golden State Warriors are a historically good team.

金州勇士隊是一支傳統強隊

They just won another

他們才剛贏了另一隊

They just won their 3rd championship in 4 years.

他們才剛贏得 4 年來的第 3 次總冠軍

>> Wow. >> So they won 3 out of 4.

>> 哇！ >> 他們 4 次爭冠有 3 次奪冠

Okay.

好

And, so now, the discussion is comparing them with other teams from other eras and specifically,

那麼，現在，這個談論就是拿他們跟其他世代的球隊做比較，特別是

people are talking about the Bulls' team from the 90s that have Michael Jordan.

大家會提到 90 年代有麥可喬丹的公牛隊

Everyone knows and remembers Michael Jordan's

大家都知道，也都記得麥可喬丹的

>> basketball play. >> Pretty much in consensus,

>> 籃球比賽 >> 大家都有共識

that he was the best player ever.

他曾是目前為止最棒的球員

But it's really hard to compare those two teams and say: Who is the best team of all time?

但真的很難去比較這 2 個球隊，並問：誰是史上最佳球隊？

because the game has changed a lot.

因為比賽已有很大的變化

Three-point shooting has become much more common and much more important.

三分球已經變得極為普遍，也極為重要

Bulls play defense in different ways.

公牛隊擅長以不同方式做防守

There have been obviously rule changes in the time since then.

從那之後，規則隨著時間有了明顯的改變

And so we can have debates about it but comparing Jordan's Bulls

所以，我們可以就此事爭論，但比較喬丹的公牛隊

to the current Warriors is like comparing apples to oranges.

與現在的勇士隊，就像是把蘋果與柳橙拿來比較 （2 者不能相互比較）

Because the sport itself has changed so much.

因為運動本身已變化很大

Yeah, I think that that's a big part of it.

對，我認為這是一大原因

Right? And the styles that people play.

對吧？還有比賽的風格

Okay, the next idiom, apples again.

好的，下一個成語，又跟蘋果有關

The apple doesn't fall far from the tree.

蘋果落地，離樹不遠

Have you ever heard this idiom before?

你以前聽過這句成語嗎？

David, what does this idiom mean to you?

David，你認為這句成語是什麼意思？

So to me, it's this idea that, you know, an apple tree drops its fruit close to where

我認為它是這樣的概念：你知道的，一棵蘋果樹掉下來的水果，會落在

the tree grew and it means, as we use it, that a child of someone is often very similar to their parent.

樹生長的附近，它的意思是，當我們用它時，係指某些人的小孩通常與他們的父母親極為相似

It means that there may be traits that are real similar and I think as we were getting ready, I think that it means

它指的也許是性格方面非常相似。我認為當我們慢慢懂事後，我認為它的意思

often a negative connotation.

通常帶有負面的意涵

And I heard you say that and I didn't really agree.

>> 我剛聽你這樣講，我並不完全贊同 >> 噢，是哦？

I mean, definitely, we hear it negatively.

我是說，當然，我們聽到的都是負面意思

For example, if you know a grown man with a really bad temper

比如說，如果你認識一位脾氣真的很壞的大人

and maybe you see his kid is starting to develop a temper, has meltdowns,

也許你看見他的小孩開始發脾氣，生氣了

>> you could say: Apple doesn't fall far from the tree. >> Right.

>> 你可以說：「有其父必有其子。」 >> 沒錯

And that's negative but I also think it can be used just as easily in a neutral or a positive situation.

那是負面的意思，但我也認為它也能同樣容易的用在一個中性或正面的情況

For example, as you know, Stoney has taken to music big time, singing all the time, playing on,

比如說，如你所知，Stoney 投入在音樂上很多時間，一直在唱歌，演奏

playing drums on anything that looks a little bit like a drum.

在任何一件看起來很像鼓的東西上打鼓

And I was the same way as a kid.

而我小時候也是同一個樣

I sing all the time.

我也一直唱歌

All the time.

一直

And then I went on to get a Master's Degree in opera.

之後我就去取得歌劇的碩士學位

So, I feel like with singing and me and Stoney, you could say the apple doesn't fall far from the tree.

所以，我覺得像在唱歌上，我跟 Stoney 的情形，你可以說：有其父必有其女

Okay.

好的

And I don't think that's negative.

我不認為那有負面意思

I don't know. Maybe you think it's negative.

我不知道，也許你認為它有負面意思

No. I think that's pretty neat.

不，我認為蠻酷的

You may have heard a person described as a 'bad apple'

你可能已經聽過被說成是「壞蘋果」的人

and this basically just means 'not a good person'.

這基本上表示「不是一個好人」

Yeah.

沒錯

Can you think of any 'bad apples'?

你能不能想到有誰是「壞蘋果」？

>> I could think of a couple but I'll refrain. >> Yeah.

>> 我是想到一對夫妻，但我不能講出來 >> 是啊

So someone who's very negative or not cooperative, hard to be around, or does something really terrible,

有人想法很負面，或不肯與人合作，難以相處，或做一些很糟的事

is a liar, is a cheater, you could say: he's a bad apple.

是個說謊者，騙子，你可以說：他是一個「品行不良」的人

Right.

對

Or she's a bad apple.

或她是一個「品行不良」的人

It's not always men.

不全然都是男性

Um, there's another idiom that

嗯，還有另一個成語是

plays on this idea of a bad apple and that's something like: A bad apple spoils the whole bunch.

運用「壞蘋果」的概念，有句成語像是： 一顆老鼠屎，壞了整鍋粥

Right.

對

I think that's from the idea that when the apple is rotting,

我認為它來自這樣的概念：有顆蘋果一旦開始腐爛，

that mold can literally spread to the next apple in the bunch.

黴菌會在這堆蘋果中逐步擴散開來

To me, that comes up, I was thinking of an example, I was doing a training

我這裡可以提出的東西，我想到一個例子，我以前做教育訓練時

and there was a group of people at a back table

有一群坐在後排座位的人

and they were really disengaged, they were kind of talking to each other

他們完全無心上課，一直在後排座位上交談

in the back, and not just whispering but audibly talking.

不是交頭接耳，而是大聲說話

>> While you were trying to present something? >> While I was presenting and...

>> 而你當時正在賣力講課？ >> 我當時正在講課

>> It kind of, it soured the whole room. >> Yeah.

>> 它有一點，把整間教室的上課氣氛搞差 >> 對

And everybody then was kind of distracted and looking back trying to figure out what was going on.

每個人那時都有點分心，而且往後看，很想搞清楚怎麼回事

And so that one bad table of people kind of soured the whole room.

所以，那一桌心不在焉的人搞壞整間教室的氣氛

Let's move on from apples to bananas.

讓我們從「蘋果」移到「香蕉」

Okay, if someone is 'bananas', then they're crazy.

好的，如果某人是「香蕉」，就表示他們抓狂了

It can mean lots of different things, right?

它可以表示許多不同的意義，對吧？

It can mean crazy energized like um,

它可以表示瘋狂的，精力充沛的，像是，嗯，

you could say: These kids are bananas!

你可以說：這些小孩子玩瘋了！

If there's a birthday party and they're all super hyper.

如果有個生日派對，他們全都嗨翻了

Um, when else could you use it? How else would you use it?

嗯，你還有哪些時候會用它？ 你還以哪些方式來用它？

There's another use that is more like someone is not in touch with the here and now or is having a psychiatric,

是有另外一種運用，比較像是指一個人，他的心智脫離現況，或有精神上的問題

I don't know, situation, where people would say: Yeah, I think he's kind of going bananas.

我不知道，這種情況大家會說：是的，我認為他有點失心瘋

It's not a kind or friendly way to refer to that.

這不是一種厚道的，或友善的說法

You would sort of only use that in very informal settings where you know people really well.

你大概只會用在極為隨興，且都是熟人的場合中

But it means, it can mean 'going crazy' in that sense too, like, really lose in touch with the here and now.

在此意義上，它也可以表示「瘋了」，但它的意思是心智完全脫離現況

Yeah. So you could say 'he is going bananas', you could also say 'he's bananas'.

是的，所以你可以說「he is going bananas」， 你也可以說「he's bananas 」

Yeah.

沒錯

>> Right. >> Yeah.

>> 對 >> 沒錯

I'm also thinking about my friend who has some dogs

我也想到我有個朋友，她養了幾隻狗

and she said when the fireworks go off with the Fourth of July or New Year's or something,

她說過在 7 月 4 號，或新年，或其他節日，當煙火爆開時

that her dogs are just insane.

她的狗就會發狂

They get super scared and they're hyper all over the place.

牠們超害怕的，激動的到處亂竄

And that, as another thing I thought of, is like those dogs are bananas when the fireworks go off.

這是我想到的另一個例子，就像是那些狗在煙火爆開時發狂一樣

And it's too bad, she really feels bad for them 'cause they are scared.

太糟了，她真的為牠們感到難受，因為牠們好害怕

I think they think their lives are ending or something.

我認為牠們覺得自己快沒命了，還是什麼的

Cherries.

櫻桃

I just popped my first bag of cherries for this season and I'm enjoying them.

我才剛打開第一包當季的櫻桃，正在好好品嘗它們

And so is Stoney.

Stoney 也是一樣

Okay, but cherries, there's an idiom here

好的，櫻桃，這裡有句成語

and it's the phrase: to cherry pick.

成語是：摘櫻桃（精挑細選）

And basically, this means to choose all of the best options.

基本上，它的意思是：把最好的部分全選出來

So it can be seen as sort of negative if someone comes through and cherry picks

以下可視為帶點負面意思：如果有人過來，專挑

all the best options for something.

最好的部分全部拿走

Like, this is a weird example, maybe, but let's say there's a buffet of food, a whole bunch of people.

這個例子怪了點，或許吧，假設有個自助餐，一缸子的人

You know, we're all friends and family here, and someone goes through and cherry picks the buffet,

你知道，那裡全是我們的親朋好友，有個人走過來，精挑細選自助餐

and gets like all the good stuff and leaves all the rest of us, friends and family, with the less good stuff.

把好吃的東西全部拿走，留給我們這些其餘的人（親朋好友）比較不好吃的東西

That person, yeah, that person cherry picked the buffet.

此人專挑自助餐最好的部分

And then the result was, I didn't get the cupcake that I wanted 'cause I was at the end of the line.

當時的結果是，我沒拿到我想要的杯子蛋糕，因為我排在最後一位

That never actually happened.

此事絕不會真實發生

Um can you think of another way, another example for using cherry pick?

嗯，你還想得出另一個方式，另一個例子來使用「精挑細選」嗎？

So we talk about it too in terms of political campaigns.

在政治活動方面，我們也會提到它

That's what I thought about, where, in American politics, there are so many commercials that are made

那是我剛想到的，在美國政治上，有很多商業廣告是刻意做出來的

and often, one candidate will cherry pick some fact about another candidate to make a negative commercial

通常，一位候選人會專挑另一位候選人的部分事實以做出負面的廣告

or to show them in a negative light.

或是醜化他們的形象

So maybe there's 2 or 3 things about that other candidate, that really stand out in a negative fashion,

也許舉出 2 或 3 件與另一位候選人有關的事，以負面手法大肆嘲諷

instead of talking about that whole candidate's

而不是談論候選人全部的

stands on the different issues, et cetera, they just cherry pick a couple facts

對不同議題的觀點，等等，他們只專挑部分事實

and make a really biting, nasty commercial.

做出嘲諷的，惡意的商業廣告

That makes me think that that could also work well if there was an interview happening,

這讓我想到，這也很適合用在如果有一段採訪正要進行

and the person who is being interviewed cherry picks the questions ahead of time

接受採訪的人事前先篩選問題

and they were like: Send me the questions you're thinking about asking.

他們會說：把你們想問的問題傳給我

Okay, you can only ask these 3 or whatever.

好的，你們只能問這 3 題，或什麼的

Then that's like just picking the ones that are going to put that person in the best light possible.

這就像專挑有利問題，可以將那個人最好的一面展現出來

>> Right. >> Cherry pick.

>> 對 >> 精挑細選

Wait a second, back to basketball.

等一下，回到籃球

Isn't this a term for a play in basketball?

在籃球比賽中，不是也有這個術語嗎？

Well, cherry picking is when one person runs down the floor

嗯，「偷跑」就是在一個時機點，一個人先跑到對方的半場

almost before your team even has the ball.

差不多在你的球隊要拿到球之前

It's kind of like hanging out the far end so that as soon as we get the ball,

有點像是待在遠端，這樣我們一拿到球

we just chuck it down the field and that person is cherry picking.

就把球扔到對方的半場，而那個人就是執行偷跑戰術

Okay.

好的

So, 'cause I was trying to read about this and I didn't quite get it and one of the things that I read was

因為我之前特意去看相關資料，但還是不了解，我看過一份資料是

like if you're doing, if you're cherry picking, you're not even playing defense?

如果你在執行，如果你在偷跑時，你甚至不用防守？

Exactly.

完全正確

Like, the whole time, you're just hanging out, waiting for the fast break?

你只要全時待在那裡，等機會快攻？

>> Right. Exactly. >> Okay.

>> 對，完全正確 >> 了解

Because I knew that I heard that in basketball terms before but I didn't know exactly what the play was.

因為我以前就聽過這個籃球術語，但我完全不了解比賽的內容

Yes, that's it.

是，就是這樣

Grapes.

葡萄

A tasty fruit and a great idiom.

美味的水果，也是很棒的成語

To hear it through the grapevine.

透過葡萄藤得知 （道聽塗說，輾轉得知）

Okay, what does this mean?

好的，這什麼意思？

This means if you picture a grapevine, and there are these bunches of grapes, you know as you go down.

這個意思是：如果你想像一下葡萄藤，而藤上有很多串的葡萄，當你順藤往下時

>> All connected. >> All connected.

>> 全都相連 >> 全都相連

If you hear something 'through the grapevine', that means you didn't hear it directly from the person

如果你「透過葡萄藤」得知事情，就表示你不是直接從當事人那裡得知

that was affected.

而你從某人處聽說，某人又從某人處聽說，而某人又從某人處聽說

But you heard it from someone who heard it from someone who heard it from someone.

全都連在一起

All connected.

有時你甚至完全不知道，也想不起你聽誰說的

And sometimes, you don't even really know, you don't remember the person you heard it

或是他們的來源又回到當事人

from or what their source was back to the actual person.

但你就是聽說了

But you heard it.

是，通常，消息傳了那麼多手，已完全失真了

Yeah. And often it, the message has been passed along so many times that it's not quite accurate.

是的，消息會改變

Yeah. It can change.

所以你或可說：嗯，我不知道這是否完全正確

So you might say: Well, I don't know if this is quite right.

我只是道聽塗說，而這是我所聽到的，以此作為消息的前提

I just heard it through the grapevine, but here's what I heard, and use it as a caveat.

它有一些愛講八卦的意思吧 ？

It can be a little gossipy, right?

>> 如果你聽到一些 >> 它有暗指一些八卦

>> If you hear some... >> It implies some gossip.

>> 然而，並非全然 >> 不，並非全然

>> Not always, though. >> No, not always.

我是說，因為我了解，我剛想到的例子是：我們之前剛好有一些朋友到家裡來

I mean, 'cause I see it, the example I was thinking about was we just had some friends over

他們聽說我一年前換了工作

and they had heard about my job change of a year ago

但不是從我口中，而是透過共同朋友得知

but not directly from me, they had heard through mutual friends

所以他們，我之前沒告訴他們，他們來這裡

so they...and I hadn't talked to them, they came over

他們說：我們聽說

and they said: So we heard through the grapevine

你有一份...你知道的，你已經不在學校工作了？

that you have a... you know, you're no longer working at the school?

我說：喔，對，對，你們說的對

And I said: Oh yeah! Yeah, you're right!

>> 不是從我這裡聽到，但消息完全正確 >> 是的

>> Didn't hear it from me but that's exactly right. >> Yeah.

所以有人一直在談論你，不斷向他們提供你最新現況，說這說那，然後

So someone was talking about you, updating them on your life, said this, and then...

對

Right.

他們可能甚至都不記得是誰告訴他們消息的

They might not even have remembered who said that to them.

沒錯

Right.

>> 但他們知道他們是道聽塗說的 >> 很有可能

>> But they knew they heard it through the grapevine. >> Very possible.

這讓我想起一首很棒的歌，這歌好久了

This reminds me of a great song from so long ago.

你知道這首歌嗎？ 好的

Do you know this song?

很棒的歌，我從傳聞中得知

Great song. I heard it through the grapevine.

在這首歌中，這個男人說：我知道你要跟我分手

And in this song, this guy is like: I know you're going to break up with me.

不是因為你跟我說，而是因為你告訴其他人，消息最後傳回到我這裡，現在我知道了

Not because you told me, but because you told someone else and it eventually got back to me and now I know.

在歌裡，那男人真的非常傷心

And the guy is really sad in the song.

我們將話題轉到較酸的東西

Let's move on to something more tart.

檸檬

Lemons.

我想到的成語是：人生給你酸溜溜的檸檬時，你就做成好喝的檸檬水 （當你遇到不如意的事時，轉念成正面思考）

The idiom I'm thinking of is "When life gives you lemons, you make lemonade"

檸檬水當然是甜的，每個人都喜歡檸檬水

which, of course, is sweet and everyone loves lemonade.

好的，檸檬

Okay, so lemons.

這句基本上是說：當有事發生時

So this is basically saying when something happens that's

通常不會是好事，而你可將其轉成好事

generally not great, you can turn it into something good.

就看你要不要做

It's up to you to do that.

檸檬又酸又皺，但如果加進一些糖

And lemons are sour and puckery but if you add some sugar,

你就有美味的東西了

you get something delicious.

我想到的例子是：當我覺得一切順心，也身處不錯的環境

so the thing that I thought of was that when I'm doing well and in a good space,

卻卡在雜貨店裡的排隊人潮中，如果我決定，你知道嗎？

and get stuck in a line at the grocery store, if I decide, you know what?

這是一個放慢步調的好機會，做一些深呼吸

This is a great opportunity to slow down, take some deep breaths,

做一些靜觀行走

kind of do some meditative walking.

真的是件很棒的事

It's actually a great thing.

所以當你在雜貨店裡排隊時，你在做靜觀行走

So you're meditatively walking while you're in line for the grocery?