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  • In the US, a common topic for small talk is weather.

  • So if youre in the US, you may find yourself needing to talk about weather quite a bit.

  • By the end of this video, youll feel totally comfortable

  • engaging in these weather-related small talk conversations.

  • Were going to go over vocabulary relating to weather and phrases you may use when talking about weather.

  • To start, let’s go over some more technical terms.

  • You have Celsius and Fahrenheit, both of these are the unit of a degree.

  • In the US, we use Fahrenheit.

  • Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

  • Fahrenheit.

  • This is a three-syllable word with stress on the first syllable.

  • The first H is silent, and the second H is pronounced.

  • Fahrenheit.

  • Fahrenheit. Say that with me.

  • Fahrenheit.

  • You might hear the termsheat indexorwind chill factor’.

  • Heat index refers to an adjusted temperature

  • based on the way the temperature feels when you factor in humidity, or, moisture in the air.

  • I grew up in Florida where it’s so humid.

  • I hate that feeling.

  • Here’s a bit of a conversation I had with my Mom about the weather in Florida.

  • Before you listen, let’s go over the pronunciation of temperature, which youll hear in this conversation.

  • This word can be pronounced as 3 or 4 syllables,

  • and I recommend using three,

  • it’s more common and it’s easier.

  • Youll hear Americans pronounce the middle syllable two different ways: either TEM-per-chur or TEM-pre-chur.

  • Per or pre.

  • I personally think the first one is easier: TEM-per-chur.

  • So both the second and third syllables have schwa-R, er, er, er. Per-chur.

  • TEM-per-chur.

  • Temperature.

  • TEM-per-chur.

  • Break it up with me.

  • TEM-per-chur.

  • Temperature.

  • Ok, let’s listen to that conversation.

  • So mom, tell me about the weather in Florida.

  • I know you've always hated it.

  • The weather in Florida is hot and humid most of the year.

  • Mm-hmm.

  • Like what are we talking temperature-wise?

  • Temperature-wise, from about mid-May to mid to late October,

  • the temperature range is a low of 74 or 75 and a high of 93, 94, 95.

  • Mm-hmm.

  • Well, it doesn't vary much.

  • I mean, we hardly ever get above a hundred.

  • Really?

  • Yeah.

  • But with the heat index...

  • The heat index gets up there.

  • >> But... >> Yeah.

  • Because there's always a lot of humidity.

  • Mm-hmm.

  • I mean like a humidity hovers around 95 percent a lot of the time especially in the morning and the evening.

  • It goes down a little bit around noon.

  • So there you heardheat index’, humid, andhumidity’.

  • Heat index’, notice that those two words are linked with a Flap T.

  • Heat index.

  • The temperature is 100, but the heat index is 107.

  • Say that with me, heat index.

  • Heat index.

  • Humid, humidity.

  • This is moisture in the air.

  • Notice how the stress changes.

  • For the adjective, humid, we have stress onhu-‘. Humid.

  • For the noun, ‘humidity’, we have stress onmi-. Hu-mi-dity. Humidity.

  • Humid, humidity.

  • The H is pronounced in both of these words.

  • And the T inhumidity

  • is a Flap T because it comes between two vowels and doesn’t start a stressed syllable.

  • Humidity.

  • Say those with me.

  • Humid. Humidity.

  • The other term that I mentioned earlier iswind chill factor’.

  • This can also be calledwind chillorwind chill index’.

  • This is when it feels lower than the temperature because of wind.

  • For example, the temperature is 20 below, but the wind chill factor is 40 below.

  • What does that mean, 20 below?

  • It means 20 degrees below freezing.

  • We just leave outfreezing’.

  • 20 below, 40 below.

  • Wind chill.

  • Notice that when these two word go together, I’m dropping the D.

  • It’s common to drop D between two other consonants,

  • and I’ve listened to lots of different speakers say this phrase and they all dropped the D.

  • So you can go straight from the N into the CH sound.

  • Win-ch-- Wind chill.

  • Wind chill.

  • Say that with me.

  • Wind chill.

  • When that first cold front finally pushes through in the fall, it's just such a relief.

  • Mm-hmm.

  • 'Cause that breaks the humidity.

  • Right.

  • There my mom mentioned a ‘cold front’.

  • This is when colder air starts moving into a region.

  • And after a hot summer, a cold front is very welcomed.

  • Here I would say the D.

  • I wouldn’t release it, cold front, cold, cold.

  • That's too much T.

  • That doesn't sound right.

  • But I do put my tongue into position for the D and vibrate the vocal cords.

  • Cold, dd, dd, cold, cold front.

  • Cold front.

  • Say that with me.

  • Cold front.

  • The opposite of humid isdry’.

  • With all DR clusters, it’s more common to pronounce them as JR.

  • Americans don’t even notice that theyre doing this.

  • I did this when I was talking to my mom.

  • Dry.

  • jj-- Dry.

  • Say that with me.

  • Dry.

  • This is when there’s a lack of moisture in the air.

  • And now Dillon, where you spent time in the summer is the exact opposite as far as

  • dry, it's so dry, it's almost too dry.

  • It's very dry but I like it that way.

  • It's too dry for some people, I suppose.

  • And then when you, when it is hot, it doesn't bother you as much because the sweat dries quickly and...

  • The sweat dries quickly but if you're out in the sun, you know, Dillon is at 9,000 feet of altitude.

  • So if you're out in the sun and it's say upper 70s, low 80s, even if the humidity is sort of low,

  • it's really hot.

  • It's a really intense sun.

  • My mom saidupper 70s, low 80s’.

  • We do useupperandloworlower’, alsomidwhen referring to degrees.

  • Upper 90’s, of course, would be temperatures in the 97, 98, 99 range.

  • Mid-90s would be more like 94-96.

  • Where there’s a period of time that's especially hot, hotter than normal,

  • you might hear that called a ‘heat wave’.

  • And when there’s a period of time that’s especially cold,

  • colder than normal, you might hear that called a ‘cold snaporcold spell’.

  • Heat wave, cold snap, cold spell.

  • Say these with me.

  • Heat wave, cold snap, cold spell.

  • Now, let’s talk about weather relating to rain.

  • First, it can be just cloudy.

  • No sun.

  • We were having one of those days in Philadelphia, listen to how I described it.

  • It's so gray and dreary today.

  • Cloudy, the opposite of sunny.

  • We can also have a sky that is partly cloudy or partly sunny.

  • Partly, part-ly.

  • We say that with a Stop T.

  • Partly cloudy, partly sunny.

  • Partly, part-ly.

  • Say these with me: partly, partly cloudy, partly sunny.

  • But this day was all clouds -- I called it gray and dreary.

  • Dreary means depressing, uninspiring.

  • Gray, dreary.

  • These can be tough because of those R’s.

  • It can help when youre practicing words like these to hold out the R a little bit: grrrray, drrearrry.

  • Gray, dreary.

  • Gray, dreary.

  • Remember, DR consonant cluster, you can pronounce that JR. Jj-- Dreary.

  • Gray, dreary.

  • Try these words with me.

  • Gray, dreary.

  • A sky that is all cloudy can also be called overcast.

  • Youll hear this word a lot.

  • Overcast.

  • Stress on the first syllable.

  • Overcast.

  • Say that with me.

  • Overcast.

  • It's so gray and dreary today.

  • Oh, it's starting to drizzle. Do you feel that?

  • Yup.

  • Did you bring an umbrella?

  • Nope.

  • Me neither.

  • We heard a new word there, drizzle.

  • Did you catch the meaning?

  • It means a very light rain.

  • And again, it starts with the DR cluster.

  • You can make that DR or JR.

  • Drizzle.

  • Jj-- or dd-- Drizzle.

  • Drizzle.

  • Drizzle.

  • Both are okay.

  • You could also use it as a verb and say, “it’s drizzling”.

  • Drizzle, drizzling.

  • Say these with me.

  • Drizzle, drizzling.

  • If it started raining a little more, but still not too much, you might hear this described as a gentle rain,

  • or a soft rain.

  • If it was more intense, then we call that raining hard.

  • We might even call it a downpour.

  • It's raining pretty hard.

  • Just a second ago, it was raining even harder.

  • It was a downpour. It was pouring.

  • Raining hard, pouring, or downpour.

  • Pour.

  • This word is interesting.

  • Even though phonetically it would be written differently than the word P-O-O-R,

  • many Americans pronounce them the same.

  • Pour, pouring.

  • AW as in LAW followed by R, the R changes this vowel.

  • So the tongue is further back and the lips round a little bit more.

  • it's not AW but it's OH.

  • Oh. Pour.

  • Pouring.

  • Pour, poring.

  • Downpour.

  • Say those with me.

  • Pouring, downpour.

  • People might also use the wordshowersinstead of rain.

  • Well have light showers in the morning, and heavy showers in the afternoon.

  • Showers.

  • Say that with me.

  • Showers.

  • A lot of rain can lead to a flood, or a flash flood, which is a flood where the waters rise really, really quickly.

  • These can be very dangerous.

  • In this word, the double-O make the UH as in BUTTER vowel: UH, floo-, flood.

  • Flood. Try that with me.

  • Flood, flash flood.

  • Rain can also come with thunder and lightning, and we might call that a thunderstorm.

  • Thunder.

  • This word begins with an unvoiced TH, and you do need to bring your tongue tip through the teeth for that sound.

  • Th, thunder.

  • Say that with me. Thunder.

  • Thunderstorm.

  • Lightning has a Stop T.

  • Light-ning.

  • Lightning.

  • Lightning.

  • Lightning.

  • Say that with me.

  • Lightning.

  • A thunderstorm might even come with hail instead of rain.

  • Hail is frozen chunks of ice.

  • And it can range in size from small to quite big.

  • Wikipedia said the largest chunk of hail recorded fell in South Dakota in 2010, and it was 8 inches across.

  • Hail.

  • A one-syllable word, ending in the Dark L.

  • Hail.

  • Hail.

  • Say that with me.

  • Hail.

  • And if there’s no rain for a long time, that’s called a drought.

  • OUGH here making the OW as in NOW diphthong.

  • Drought.

  • Drought.

  • There is no G sound, there is no H sound.

  • This, of course, can be a problem for crops and water supply.

  • Drought.

  • Notice another DR cluster.

  • That means you can pronounce it as DR or JR.

  • Jj-- Drought.

  • Say that with me.

  • Drought.

  • Drought.

  • It's a beautiful summer morning here in Philadelphia.

  • Light breeze, very shady, but it's not too hot yet, not too humid yet.

  • It's just a gorgeous morning for a walk.

  • It's very sunny.

  • Not a cloud in the sky.

  • All blue skies.

  • There I talk about blue sky, not a cloud in the sky.

  • That could also be calledclear’.

  • It’s a clear day.

  • I also talked about the wind.

  • What did I say about the wind?

  • I said there was a light breeze.

  • If it’s breezy, that’s like saying there’s a little bit of wind.

  • Another consonant cluster with R: brrrr, brrrreezy.

  • Breeze.

  • Breezy.

  • Say those with me.

  • Breeze.

  • Breezy.

  • And we have wind.

  • Windy.

  • Make sure the lips come in to a tight circle for that W.

  • Ww-- wind.

  • Windy.

  • If the wind picks up and gets out of control, that can get pretty serious:

  • a tropical storm, a tornado, a hurricane, a typhoon.

  • Tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons start off in the ocean and may or may not make landfall,

  • that is, they may or may not come over land.

  • Certain coasts are very vulnerable to these destructive storms that involve high winds,

  • changes in the pressure of the atmosphere, and can cause storm surges.

  • Storm surge.

  • This is when the water from the ocean rises up and causes lots of coastal damage.

  • We have lots of storm-related words here.

  • Storm surge.

  • Surgewith the UR vowel, which is just like the R sound in American English.

  • Ss-ur-ge.

  • You don’t have to try to make a different vowel sound there.

  • Surge.

  • Storm surge.

  • Say that with me.

  • Storm surge.

  • This is the same vowel that’s in the stressed syllable ofhurricane’, hur-- hurricane.

  • No other vowel, just H and the R.

  • Hh-rr--

  • Hur, hur, hurricane.

  • Say that with me.

  • Hurricane.

  • Before a storm gets strong enough to be called a hurricane, it’s called a tropical storm.

  • Just like you learned with DR cluster indry’, TR is often pronounced as CHR.

  • Ch-- tropical.

  • So you can hearchropicalortropicalwith more of a T sound.

  • Tropical storm.

  • Say that with me.

  • Tropical storm.

  • A Typhoon is like a hurricane, only it happens in the Pacific Ocean instead of the Atlantic.

  • Typhoon, second syllable stress here.

  • Typhoon.

  • Say that with me, typhoon.

  • A tornado is a vortex of wind, and it makes a funnel-shaped cloud.

  • All four of these storms are made up of winds that swirl around a center, the center is called the eye.

  • The eye of the storm.

  • Things are very calm in the eye of the storm.

  • Tornado.

  • The middle syllable is stressed, so the first and last syllables should be shorter, faster, and said more quickly.

  • Tornado.

  • Tornado.

  • Say that with me.

  • Tornado.

  • Let’s talk about something a little happier: if you have a day that’s a weird mix of rain and sun,

  • you might get to see a rainbow.

  • Rainbow is a compound word, and this always have stress on the first word.

  • Sorainis stressed, andbowis unstressed.

  • Rainbow.

  • Say that with me.

  • Rainbow.

  • Rainbow.

  • Let’s talk about winter weather.

  • A couple of winters ago, we had a blizzard, which is a storm that comes with a lot of heavy snow.

  • Blizzard.

  • The first syllable is stressed, and the second syllable has a schwa-R,

  • that means you don’t even need to try to make a vowel.

  • Just zrd, zrd, zrd.

  • Blizzard. Blizzard.

  • Say that with me, blizzard.

  • If it’s a very, very light snow, we call that snow flurries.

  • Is it supposed to snow tonight?”

  • Just flurries.”

  • Flurries, likehurricaneandsurgehas the UR vowel in the stressed syllable.

  • You don’t need to try to make a separate vowel and then R.

  • It’s all just R.

  • Fl--urrr.

  • Flurrr, flurries.

  • Say that with me.

  • Flurries.

  • A noreaster.

  • This is a term I had never heard until I was living in Boston.

  • These are storms that blow in from the north and east, and they are common in the winter in New England.

  • They might bring in snow, slush, and sleet.

  • Sleet is a mix: a little ice, a little rain, a little snow.

  • It causes slush on the ground, which is what happens when snow and ice start to melt.

  • It’s water with chunks of ice.

  • Wear boots: the sidewalks are slushy.”

  • This term can also refer to a drink or a desert with ice and liquid.

  • Sleet, slush.

  • Say those with me.

  • Sleet, slush.

  • When sleet or rain freezes on the street or sidewalks,

  • and it’s a thin layer that you can’t see, we call that black ice.

  • Which is very dangerous, of course, because you can’t see it.

  • You don’t know it’s coming.

  • It’s very easy to slip and fall, or lose control of your car.

  • Black ice.

  • Black ice.

  • Say that with me, black ice.

  • An avalanche is when a mass of snow, ice, and maybe rocks slides rapidly down a mountainside.

  • Whew.

  • Being trapped in one of these has got to be my worst nightmare.

  • Avalanche.

  • The E at the end is silent.

  • First syllable stress.

  • Avalanche, avalanche.

  • Say that with me. Avalanche.

  • One morning recently when my dad was taking me to the airport, we ran into some fog.

  • Dad, what kind of weather are we having this morning?

  • Well, it's a little foggy out.

  • But it's pretty nice out there.

  • Fog, foggy.

  • You could also say there was mist or it was misty.

  • If you live in the Bay Area in California, youre very familiar with this.

  • Fog, foggy.

  • Mist, misty.

  • Say those with me.

  • Fog, foggy, mist, misty.

  • That was a long list of vocabulary terms relating to weather.

  • And there are lots of words I didn’t get it to, like scorching for very hot, or balmy for pleasantly warm.

  • Actually, a while ago, during a heat wave in New York,

  • I made a video where I went over some of the many ways you can describe hot weather.

  • Click here or in the description below to watch that video.

  • I also made a video in NYC the day after Hurricane Sandy hit.

  • That’s a great one.

  • Click here or in the description below to check it out.

  • We also have a lot of idioms relating to weather, for example,

  • the calm before the storm, or, every cloud has a silver lining.

  • Well go over those next week so be sure to come check out that video on Tuesday morning, Eastern time.

  • I’ll see you then.

  • That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.

In the US, a common topic for small talk is weather.

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ENGLISH VOCUMULARY - WEATHER VOCUMULARY - LEARNING ENGLISH - VOCUMULARY FOR WEATHER - RACHEL'S ENGLISH (ENGLISH VOCABULARY | WEATHER VOCABULARY | LEARN ENGLISH | VOCABULARY FOR WEATHER | RACHEL’S ENGLISH)

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    林宜悉 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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