Actually, my first in Asia.

事實上是我第一次到亞洲來

I'm really excited.

我很興奮

and, um, thank you.

謝謝

I've only been here for two days, but

我到這裡才兩天 不過

(Thank you for your invitation)

謝謝你們的邀請

(It's my pleasure to be here)

我很榮幸來到這裡

Before I speak I’ve got something important to say.

開始之前我得先講件重要的事

This is ted, so they told me to be very brief and to the point, concise.

他們說因為是TED

so I promise I'll as brief as possible

必須簡潔有力

no matter how long it takes.

所以不管講多長 我一定都會非常簡潔有力的

I come from a conference that was held in Doha, Qatar

我剛從卡達的多哈會議回來

At the international education resources network summit

關於國際教育資源網絡的會議

one of the most important conference in the world about education.

是全球關於教育最重要的會議之一

And I've done in a couple of other times.

我之前已經參加過很多次了

So

所以說

right.

像這樣

successful running around the world

踏遍世界各地

everything was laid out for me

我好像一開始就得天獨厚

not.

但其實不是這樣

and I come from a small village in the north of Italy.

我來自北義大利的小村莊

from a lower middle class family

我的家庭是屬於中下階層

actually to be perfectly honest, to European standard ,pretty poor family

其實以歐洲的標準來說 是蠻窮的家庭

and if I look back in my past I realize

回首過去的我

that very few would bet on me.

看起來將來似乎不太會成功

I was, you know, one of the losers

我以前是所謂的「魯蛇」(loser)

I was kind of a nerd.

算是個書呆子

And proud of it, it was fun.

而且當時我很以此為傲

still am. so um.

現在仍是

But i mean, the school environment was really tough.

我要說的是 當時的學校環境很糟

you have to fight your way out.

糟到你必須去打鬥

When I say fight, I don't mean in the metaphorical term.

我說打鬥不是譬喻

I mean, literally, fight.

是真的要「打」

And as you can tell

你可以看到這張照片

it is me right there

我在這裡

the tough looking one

看起來最凶猛的那個

that. yeah

恩

I was clearly the strongest and the biggest of the whole bunch.

我是那群最強壯最大隻的一位

no problem for me there

沒問題的

when I was 14 I had to decide the high school to attend

我十四歲那年 得決定去哪所高中

And my teacher, he said to my mom

那時我的老師告訴我媽媽

Ms...I'm sorry but your son is not one of the smart kids

很抱歉 你兒子不是個聰明的孩子

not the one. He's, you know, kind of stupid

他有點駑鈍

he was asking weird questions.

他老是問些奇怪的問題

You should just send him to work.

你該讓他直接去工作

You know, don't bother send him to school

不要讓他繼續讀書了

Certainly don't send him to Ginnasio, the toughest school in the country.

尤其不需要送他去升學高中

I mean, ever

那些是全國競爭最激烈的學校

So my parents have been obviously the awesome parents they are

不過顯然我爸媽是很棒的家長

They didn't listen the piles of nonsense

他們根本不聽那些胡謅的話

And they send me precisely to the school that they said I'll never be able to make it.

他們就把我送去那所其他人認為我絕對無法去的學校

And two years later I was given a chance

兩年後我得到個機會

I won a full scholarship for a very prestigious school.

一間非常有名的大學 給了我一筆全額獎學金

In the north of Italy, closely to Slovenia, it's called United World College

學校是在北意大利 叫做聯合世界書院

Its mission was to make education a force to unite people,

學校的願景是讓教育成為整合人民、國家、文化的力量

nations and cultures for peace and a sustainable future.

以邁向和平和永續的未來

Just like my previous school. same thing.

這願景跟我之前的學校一樣

Yeah I was kind of like that.

差不多是這樣啦

But this is my turning point.

但這是我人生的轉捩點

In that school I had amazing teachers.

在那所學校

They were the best.

我有最棒的老師

Because more than just teachers,

不止是知識傳授者

they were mentors.

他們還是心靈導師

They were guides, and they were friends.

他們引導了我 也是我的好朋友

They told us that we could be everything we wanted

老師們說我們可以變成任何想成為的人

We could do anything in our lives.

我們可以完成任何想做的事情

If we believe we can do it,

只要我們相信做得到

if we had a plan

只要我們有計劃

and if we acted on it

只要我們去實踐

right and making peace on earth was not a hippie dream

即使世界和平也不是嬉皮夢

It could have been a reality.

它可以實踐

So that gave me the vision and the strength

這拓展我的視野 也賜給我力量

to take on many challenges that have gone through my life.

接受人生中的各種挑戰

It brought me where I am today.

讓我得以成為現在的我

If I'd listened to my teacher back in my previous school

如果我聽從我前一所學校老師的話

I am probably sweeping the floor of the school by now.

我現在大概在替學校掃地

But how many kids didn't have this opportunity?

但有多少孩子沒有這種機會？

It's nice to say the success story of one guy

講一個成功者的故事當然很好

How many people are stuck in the small town

但有多少人被侷限在小村莊

with uninspired teachers, violent classmates

只有無法鼓勵他們的老師和暴力的同學

and no hope on the horizon

眼前毫無希望

In the past of couples of years I traveled extensively in many countries

過去幾年我到了很多國家

many continents,schools, universities

跨洲拜訪了很多學校、大學

fortune 500 companies

全球500強的公司

And I can tell you that my story actually is not my story

我告訴你 其實剛剛說的不是我的故事

It's maybe your story, or maybe your story

它可能是你的故事

It's story of thousands of people that I spoke to individually

是上千位聽我演講的人的故事

They came up to me and said

這些聽眾跑過來跟我說

I have the same thing

我也有同樣的遭遇

Thank you

謝謝你

And theses are just the ones I spoke to in person

而這些只是來聽過我演講的人

It's probably millions of people

全球可能有幾百萬人

or hundred of millions people. Who knows?

甚至幾億never question人 都有同樣的遭遇

This is a tragedy, right?

這是場悲劇

Why is this happening?

那為什麼這會發生？

And many people ask the question

很多人問 面對充滿不確定性的未來

Are we preparing children for the uncertain future that lies ahead?

我們替孩子準備好了嗎？

But before we can answer this question,

不過回答這個問題前

I think we first must address two very important issues.

首先有兩個非常重要的議題要探討

The first is do we even know what we are looking for?

第一是 我們真的知道我們要什麼嗎？

What's the purpose.

教育的目的

What is education for?

應該是什麼？

Because if we don't agree what education is for

因為如果我們對教育的目的沒有共識

then we can never say we're doing a good or a poor job

那我們就不能說 目前的教育方式是對是錯

I am going to tell you what education was for.

讓我來告訴你教育原本的目的是什麼

Education was created for making factory workers

教育原本是為了培養工廠的勞工

See at the end of 18th century. industrialization has the problem

工業在十八世紀末面臨一個問題

They really had a hard time convincing people to leave the open fields and come to work at a factory

他們找不到人願意到工廠上班

with dark rooms,10~12 hour a day, 10 ~12 hours a day,

工廠裡都是烏漆媽黑的房間

repeating the same monotonous

還要每天重複10到12小時乏味的工作

mindless task over and over, obeying every order

不需思考 只需一直做一直做

without ever questioning anything and never complain about it.

聽從命令 不能抱怨或質疑

I mean you can see why they had trouble finding volunteers.

你就知道為什麼工廠找不到人了

I'm sure you have seen the historical reenactment by Mr.Chaplin

透過卓别林的影片 大家能了解工業革命時期的困狀

So they created something called public educations

所以公立教育才成立

and placed you at where you are strictly separated by a year

公立教育用年齡把人區分

where you have to follow orders

在那裡必須遵守命令

never question authority and just do what you're told.

絕不可以挑戰權威 叫你做一就做一

sit down and shut up until you're told otherwise

坐下與閉嘴 除非叫你做別的

just obey orders.

完全服從命令

we spent the first three years of our lives

我們在生命中的頭三年學習走路 講話

learning how to walk and talk, kind of useful skills I would say

或者說所謂「有用」的技能

and for the rest we're told sit down and shut up.

之後我們只能坐下與閉嘴

and yeah that sounds like a great idea

這聽起來實在是個很好的主意

I'm gonna do that.

我很樂意這樣做

just follow as exactly as instructed, never question authority

只需要遵守指示 絕不挑戰權威

I remember in the elementary school

我記得小學的時候

one day the teacher told us

有一次老師跟我們說

now children,whatever I ask

孩子們 現在不管我問什麼

I want all you to answer at once

你們都要一起講答案

understood? ok

懂了嗎？ 好

So how much is six times four?

6乘以4等於多少

and we all said, at once!

然後我們就回答：答案！

See for the purpose that we set out for two hundred years ago

如果我們追求的是兩百多年前的教育目標

the education system is doing fine.

那現在的教育體系算是很好了

In fact, it's working perfectly

沒錯 目前的方式很適合

creating obedient workers

創造乖順的勞工

The trouble is

但問題是

This approach is no longer useful

這種方式已經不適用了

It was never humane to begin with

這一開始就不人性化

but it was economically advantageous.

只是為了幫助當時的經濟

And now, it's neither.

可是現在 連經濟都幫不了

So are we preparing children for the uncertain future that lies ahead?

所以目前的教育體系 能教導孩子如何面對未來嗎？

The second problem is this:

第二個議題是

no matter the supposed expert would like to tell you

無論那些所謂的「專家」告訴你什麼

Believe me,

我相信有很多

there are many of them,

但事實上

nobody really knows what the future is going to look like five years from now

沒有人知道五年後會變成怎樣

and let alone ten or twenty years which is when a child who's now in kindergarten

更別說十年二十年

will graduate and will have to find a job.

在幼稚園的孩子 二十年後會畢業找工作

What about the rest?What about the hundreds of millions of people

更別提上億正在工作的人

who are working today and who could be out of a job

未來五年十年 甚至二十年 可能失業

because they are displaced by robotics and artificial intelligence five, ten or twenty years from now

因為他們會遭機器人和人工智慧取代

I hear that some guy wrote a book about that

我聽過有人寫了一本書

about robots will stealing your job.

叫機器人會來偷走你的工作

you can read for free at the PirateBay

你可以在海盜灣(檔案分享網站)上免費看到

It's illegal. It's creative commons open knowledge.

去海盜灣下載是違法的 不過這本書有共創(CC)授權條款

So we only know one thing for certain

總而言之 我們只確定一件事

that the only constant is change.

只有「改變」是永恆不變的

After all, Entropy is not what used to be

畢竟熵的意義和以前也不一樣

Change will always come

改變總會到來

and most likely at an increasing pace

而且極可能會越來越快

With this in mind

知道這個觀念後

I think we must do three things.

我認為我們必須做三件事

The first, we must prepare to accept change in stead of fighting it

首先 我們必須接受改變 而不是抗拒它

I've been afraid of changes many times

我以前很常畏懼改變

I didn't want to change school, I didn't want to change jobs

我不想換學校和工作

Let me tell you

告訴你

whenever I was afraid to do something

當我害怕做某件事時

I didn't want to change

我都不想改變

Those are by far the most depressing moments of my life

然而那些時候卻是我人生中最低潮的時刻

Being afraid is not nice

害怕改變並不好

It's paralyzing

它使人無法向前

Because when you are afraid, you're afraid to fail

因為你害怕 就意味著你害怕失敗

You're afraid that yeah, I would not make it to that school

你害怕沒進那所學校

I would not win the scholarship

害怕不能得到獎學金

I would not be able to change up and find something else.

害怕我不能夠找到更好的方案

You know. They were right. I was stupid

他們是對的 我不夠聰明

I couldn't learn. I couldn't learn lalalalaal

我學不會 我學不會 等等等等等等

It's a downward spiral.

就像無底洞一樣

We live in a society that stigmatizes mistakes.

我們這個社會把錯誤汙名化

We've been living in where failure is not an option

我們認為失敗不能是個選項

And that we should play safe

因此我們總是尋求安全的路

Study something that will get you a safe job

讀熱門科系 才能找到工作

Work for a big company, look for stability

進大企業工作以尋求穩定

But you see, in the future of great uncertainty

但是我們都知道 未來充滿不確定性

Stability is the illusion of the unimaginative.

穩定根本是假象

lifelong. I think we must move away from the idea that teaching is for adults, and learning is for kids.

第二點是終身學習 我們打破「成年人就是教導，小孩就是學習」思維

Learning is a lifelong experience.

學習該是終身

And anybody can be a mentor,

而且任何人都能是心靈導師

a teacher, or a friend to someone else.

是傳授知識的老師、朋友

Or a guide.

或者是指導者

In our strictly individualistic society,

在這個極度個人主義的社會

our personal success is imperative

個人的成就成了必要

So we have standardized tests

所以我們有標準化的考試

we try to get the best grades

我們試圖考最高分

at the best school

進最好的學校

so we can get to the best university

才可以考取到最好的大學

and then we can get to best job and outcompete everyone else and be successful.

爭取到最好的工作 並打敗他人取得成功

But in a collaborative society

但在一個合作的社會

your accomplishments. An accomplished individual is one that contribute the most

成功的人應該是貢獻最多的人

both of their personal development as well as that of their fellow human beings.

包括個人成就和對群體的成就

When I was at school I remember that

我記得我在學校的時候

the way I learned best was not when the teacher was talking

最好的學習方式 並不是老師在說教的時候

was when one of my classmates would come up to me and say

而是我同學過來問我說

hey how? this is how you do it ?

你是怎麼做到的？

Like in five minutes we would solve something that in 2 hours of lesson that nobody understood

我們在五分鐘內 解決了兩個小時的課堂上沒人懂的問題

and I thought why can't we just get to that

我想我們為何不像這樣

Those 5 minutes of peer learning

用五分鐘 透過同儕間的學習方式學習

and when I was teaching someone else

當我在教別人時

I was really testing my ability of understanding and reciprocating that

我也在考驗我的理解程度以及表達能力

And also it was much more fun and engaging

而且教人真的很好玩

It was rewarding to be able to teach to someone

教別人的時候你可以看見

you can see in their eyes like there've been going like tho sfor 2 hours

他們為了這個問題搞了兩個鐘頭

and you teach them in two minutes

你兩分鐘就把他們教會

and their eyes go like

他們的眼睛會像這樣

yeah! I get it

哇！我懂了！

It's fun, right?

很好玩不是嗎？

And we need time to experiment

我們必須花時間去實驗

to make mistakes, to teach yourself, to teach others

去犯錯、教別人、也教自己

maybe with interesting problems

也許可以透過很有趣的問題

not, here's the vacuum. Imagine this idealized

而不是 這是真空環境 假設...

no no no, real life problems

不不不 一定要真實的課題

Problems that have many solutions

問題可能有很多解決之道

maybe no optimal solutions

也許沒有最理想的解法

maybe no one know what the answer is

或者說不定根本沒人知道答案

maybe there are no answers. Who knows?

甚至根本沒有答案 誰知道呢？

Fun and challenging problems

當你試著探索

and the process of discovery just like they were saying

有趣且具挑戰的問題

"starve them, not stuff them."

就像之前的講者說的

The speaker before me.

「讓他們渴望知識 而不是塞知識給他們」

It's exactly right

非常有道理

Discovery. Learning is a process that happens when you're interested and engaged.

好的學習過程 是會讓人很快樂以及非常投入的

Not when you're receiving

一直接收訊息並不代表學習

This way, you foster an innate curiosity

透過好的學習方式 會激起

that is inside all of us.

內心與生俱來的好奇心

And finally I think we must develop a stronger culture of grit

最後 我認為我們必須培養一個有毅力的文化

Grit means passion. It means perseverance. It means never giving up.

毅力的意思是熱忱、持續力、永不放棄