Name: BBC 6分鐘英文-為了動物和環境 BBC - What intensive farming means -- for the animals and for the environment.
Uploaded: 2013-03-23T13:31:30.000Z
Duration: 9 min 4 s

I've already seen how they do intensive farming on a huge scale.

我看到他們如何進行大型的密集式畜牧生產。

In the next 40 years, we'll have 9 billion people on this planet.

未來40年，全球將會有90億人口，

We have to make as much food as we   have made since the beginning of time.

我們需要製造大量食物，數量相等於從遠古至現在的總和。

and I've seen from the air, how another farm does it even bigger.

我也從高空看到另一個更大的乳牛場。

Each of these sheds has got about 3,000 cows in it,   and there's 10 units spread out across this farm,

每個牛棚有大約3,000隻牛，整個牧場共有10個牛棚，分佈在不同的角落，

相比之下，我的農場只看似一個農圃，

Well, seeing that farm from the air was absolutely extraordinary.

從高空觀看這個乳牛場，絕對是非凡體驗。

I've now got an hour's long drive to   find out what happens on ground level.

1小時車程後，我會走進乳牛場，了解裡面是什麼一回事。

The farm I am about to visit has managed   to turn intensive farming into a tourist attraction.

我參觀的牧場，由大型的密集式牧場，變成一個旅遊景點。

Fair Oaks Farm Park receives 500,000 visitors every year.

Fair Oaks Farm Park 每年接待500,000名遊客。

They come to see the 32,000 cows which produce more   than 2 million pints of milk every day.

遊客專程來看這合共32,000隻，每日生產2,000,000品脫牛奶的牛群。

25 barns, most of them are 1/4 mile long,   are spread over a 17,000 acre site.

乳牛場共有25個牛棚，大部分長達1/4英里，分佈在這17,000英畝的土地上。

How can you possibly look after 32,000 cows?

I mean, that's a lot of animals to look after, isn't it?

Yes, we have 32,000 cows, but every cow is an individual.

是的，我們有32,000隻牛，但每一隻牛是一個個體。

In a computer record, we know everything about that cow,

根據電腦記錄，我們知道牛隻的一切資料：

when she had a calf, when she had a cough, whatever.

它何時曾誕下小牛，何時曾生病等等。

These cows are under 24 hour observation.

We have 450 workers that are looking after their welfare along with our veterinarians.

我們有450工人及獸醫負責照顧牛隻。

and so, we invite the public to come in, see what we do,

我們邀請公眾參觀，看我們的運作，

measure us against… do they think we're taking care of our cows.

A farm of this size must have a big environmental impact.

牧場這麼大，一定會對環境構成影響。

Well, yeah, the potential environmental impact that we   think we've taken that off the page.

嗯，是的，但我們認為已經解決了潛在對環境的影響。

We collect 100% of our manure every day in huge   vacuum cleaners that all goes to anaerobic digesters,

我們每日有吸管收集所有牛糞，送進厭氧沼氣池，

and it creates a renewable energy source.

所以我們的能源，全靠牛糞發電。

A farm this size can produce enough electricity to power 8,000 homes.

以這個牧場的規模，可以製造足夠電力，供8000戶家庭使用。

In addition it's a 58% methane gas. We can scrub   that make it 100% methane. Now, that's natural gas.

而且，氣體含58﹪甲烷。我們能將它提煉至100﹪，成為天然氣，

And we run all of our trucks off a compressed natural gas.

Do you think this is industrial farming that is   very much a factory for the cows?

你認為這種工業化的畜牧生產，像一個牛工廠嗎？

這群牛是否好像囚犯，勞役自已?

嗯，當然我們不會有這種想法，

In terms of our love of dairy, and our   love of farming, and our family involvement,

我們對牛隻的熱愛，我們對畜牧的熱愛，我們一家的付出，

對於我們，這只是一個家庭農場，

and we happen to grow it a little   larger than the guy down the road.

只是它碰巧比鄰家的大一點兒罷了。

And if you think that farming on this scale might   not be heading for the UK, then think again.

如果你認為這種規模的乳牛場不會在英國出現的話，再想想吧。

These british farmers are visiting Fair Oaks, to see   what they can learn from intensive farming.

這些英國農夫也在牧場考察，研究這種大型密集式乳牛場有否值得借鏡的地方。

What we've seen in this trip today is that, you can look   after cows, in a very favorable way in large numbers.

今天我們見到了，原來是有一個的良好辦法，可以照料大量牛隻。

and something that we've come here to see how the   Americans look after a large number of cows.

這正是我們來看美國人養殖大量乳牛的原因。

We've got so much to learn from them, from a management point of view,

我們有很多地方要向他們學習，特別是管理。

That's the whole reason we are over here, really.

And I think the management and welfare standards are so good,

我覺得，他們的管理及護理的水平是多麽好，

because they are big, they can't get away with anything less.

正因他們的規模大，不能省功夫，

Really, I'm trying and learn from these guys

and see if we can implement their management techniques in our farms.

想在我們的農場，運用他們的管理技巧。

Despite its size, Fair Oaks has encountered little opposition from locals.

雖然Fair Oaks 乳牛場佔地大，但他們遇到當地居民反對的聲音，並不算多。

But that's not the case for all huge farming operations.

但並非所有大型乳牛場都有這種厚待。

This dairy farm is the biggest in Wisconsin.

這是威斯康星州最大的乳牛場，

It has 8,000 cows and it's a similar size   to the one proposed in Nocton in Lincolnshire.

飼養了8000隻牛，佔地相當於在英國林肯郡諾克頓的乳牛場選址。

Since it opened 2 years ago, it has been   causing a stink with some of the neighbors.

從2年前開業到現在，乳牛場為部分居民帶來臭味問題。

So what sort of problems have you been experiencing?

I've had a number of neighbors contact me,

and a described symptoms of pounding headaches, migraines and new symptoms of asthma,

並描述病徵如強烈頭痛，偏頭痛，及哮喘等症狀，

just since the dairy has been in operation.

It's actually, I call it the stench. It's more than a smell.

是的，其實我會稱它為惡臭，它比臭味還要臭。

If you think about the chemicals that are causing the odor,

試想想，形成臭味的化學物質，

it's HAM: hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, and methane, all   being released. They are all toxic gases,

它們是硫化氫，氨和甲烷，在空氣流動。它們是有毒的。

and you certainly don't want to breathe them in.

They would be regulated if it were ordinary industry.

如果在一般行業，這些氣體會受規管的。

so, what advice would you give to the people in the UK   who may end up with these mega dairies next to them?

那麼，對於那些快要跟大型乳牛場為鄰的英國居民，你們有什麼忠告?

I think that if you have a sense of   ethics, and moral responsibility to the future generation,

我認為，如果你有道德責任，及為下一代著想的話。

then you will do everything you can to prevent   the spread of industrial size mega farms.

你會竭盡所能，去避免大型工業式畜牧場繼續擴散。

The number of dairies in the US like this one with   2,000+ cows has tripled in the last 10 years,

在美國，這類飼養超過2,000隻乳牛的農場數目，近10年間升了3倍 。

whilst the number of small farms has nearly halved.

而小型牧場的數量幾乎減少了一半。

Those who run these massive farms though, say welfare   hasn't suffered and they are more heavily policed.

經營大型牧場的負責人，却聲稱環境無受影響，因他們受到較多規管。

We have probably been the most regulated dairy ever. We   follow a 4,000 page document, if you will.

我們應該是歷來最受規管的牧場，我們跟從一份4,000頁的文件。

It tells us when we can spread, where we   can spread, how much we can spread.

規定我們廢物處理的時間，地點，以至數量。

Obviously, it's cow manure, and it's going to smell once in a while.

很明顯，廢物是牛糞，它們偶爾會帶些氣味。

and the smell, you know, they claimed that there's smells of sulphur,

那些氣味，你知道嗎，居民聲稱它是硫磺的氣味，

it gets to the back of your throat, and   they've got to stay in their houses.

吸入會使喉部不適，他們要躲在家裡。

Is there any way you can work with them and help them?

你有無方法可以幫助他們解決問題?

We work with some of our neighbors. We've had neighbors come to say,

我們有幫一些鄰居。有鄰居找我們說，

Hey, we are going to have family reunion, Can you   make sure that you don't spread near our houses?

嗨，我們會有家庭聚會，可以確保氣味不會傳至我家嗎？

then we say, "No problem. We won't spread near your house that day."

我們會答，無問題，我們當日不會傳出氣味。

These farmers don't want to fall out with their neighbors,

一方面，他們不希望跟鄰居鬧翻，

but of course, they do want to make money.

Dairying isn't the only type of farming that can   cause an environmental impact, there's pig farming, too.

除了酪農，養豬也對環境造成影響。

I have got a few pigs at home,   but nothing like what's planned for Derbyshire,

我家也養了一些豬，也絕不像在德比郡，

where they are hoping to set up the biggest pig farm in the UK.

那個規劃中全英國最大的養豬場那樣。

So while I'm over here, I'm going to meet up an American guy,

who is going to tell me all about what they call, the hog industry.

Malcolm DeKryger is vice president of a company which own 12,000 sows,

Malcolm DeKryger是這家公司的副總裁，擁有12,000隻母豬，

and produce 140,000 pigs for slaughter every year.

每年生產140,000隻可屠宰的生豬。

營業額達25,000,000美元，或16,000,000英鎊

對於任何人，這是一盤大生意。

em… These sows are in 16cm wide stalls, for about   8-10 weeks. They will be in this barn,

嗯，這些母豬先在一個16厘米寛攤架，逗留8-10星期，然後會搬到這裡。

and we do the artificial semination in the breeding   barn. They are in there for 6-7 weeks,

我們會在育嬰棚作人工受孕，牠們會留6-7星期。

and then, they are coming here for about 8-9 weeks.

然後會搬到這裡，逗留8-9星期。

and so, they just keep moving barn to barn.

And so, they stand these stalls all their   lives and they can never turn around?

那麼，牠們的一生就是站在這些攤架裡面，從來不能調頭走?

em… They can walk out and turn around,   when they go to the next place.

嗯，當牠們要搬家的時候，他們可以走動的。

In the mean time, they are very comfortable and contented.

Some people would have a problem with this.

The pig being an intelligent animal, how do you feel about that?

豬是有靈性的動物。你有什麼感覺？

The way that we measure contentedness and well being…

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BBC 6分鐘英文-為了動物和環境 BBC - What intensive farming means -- for the animals and for the environment.

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